Four observational astronomical item, have been pilottested with a 150mm refracting telescope in order to layout the detailed procedures for the suggested (inquiry) activities listed in the high school earth science curriculum and to contrive some adequate instructions for students stressed on how to make proper treatments with the collected materials. The tested items were of sunspots' motion, the size of lunar craters, the Galilian satellites' revolution, and the galactic distribution of stars. Following series of activities are suggested with respect to the way of collecting observational data and of giving proper instruction to students in class: 1) Photography and other material, he made by teacher and/or extracurricular group of students; 2) Replicas (xeroxed, photographs, Or slides) he made from the collected materials, '0 that they are available to all the students in class; 3) Quantative analyses, be taken as student' activity.

This study aims at giving effective suggestions for future Earth Science Education by making a theoretical teaching-learning model for inquiry science. The main subject of this study is to establish the learning system, educational goal and guide theory of Earth Science Education. Through above mentioned, following suggestions are presented: (1) The experiments and observations should be more emphasized than lectures in Earth Science Education. (2) It is necessary to retrain Earth Science teachers in order to improve their ability to guide the student's experiments. (3) Well designed laboratory equipments and kids of good quality and resonable price should be supplied. (4) Every teacher should work on positive line, extending the range of information through participating in the Korean Earth Science Education society, Earth Science meetings and various science education seminars.

이 硏究는 우리나라 國民學校 自然科 敎師用 指針書와 美國(Holt Science)의 敎師用 指針書를 分析 比較하였다. 各國의 科學敎育의 性格과 硏究課程 要素를 比較하여 보고 實際 內容에 있어서는 低學年에서 空氣分野와 高學年에서 海洋分野의 것을 다루었다.

地球科學 敎育에 關心을 갖고 硏究하던 중 1984年 2學期부터 1年間 美國 노-드 카로라이나 주립대학에 硏究敎授로 가서 國民學校 科學中 地球科學 敎育課程 內容을 比較 分析 硏究하게 되었다. 이 硏究는 우리 敎科書와 美國의 敎科書(Holt Science)의 體裁, 開發順序, 內容 및 槪念들을 比較하였다.

The papers of earth science examinations given during the first semester of 1981 academic year were collected from the seventy five high schools randomly chosen all over the country. The examination questions were analyzed and evaluated in order to grasp the current state and issues of earth science education. Some critical remarks and suggestions are made for improvement of the earth science education at the secondary school level.

The purpose of this study is to classify and to analize the instructional objectives in teacher's guides of high school earth science course. The Romey's definition of instructional objectives was based for classification. The results of the study show that approximately 77 percent of total action verbs appeared in all teacher's guides are classified as level NO and level O. The dominant usage of such non-inquiring words may prevent the students from doing investigative activities. The level NO verbs reveals the vagueness of instructional objectives of the guide books themselves. Also, the frequent appearance of level O verbs mean that the books emphasize students recall behavior more than experimental, observational, interpretative and synthetic behaviors. Meanwhile, even the words requiring investigative activities are also mostly classified as low levels and fail to lead the students to grasp major concepts or to show original thoughts. The repeat usage of some particular words in stating instructional objectives, which is prevailing tendency of most book, exposes the monotony in instructional functions of those teacher's guides.

This study aims to present an effective basic material and data for the future earth science education by analysizing earth science curriculum of Korean high school. The method used in this study is based on comparison and analysis of the related reference materials. The main subject of this study is to find the changing history of earth science curriculum and compare the Korean earth science curriculum revised in 1982 to the American and Japan curriculums. Based on these studies following suggestions are presented for the future earth science education; 1) The laboratory education in earth science should be more emphasized than lecture. 2) It is urgent need to publish laboratory manuals for students. 3) Well designed laboratory equipments and good quality kits of reasonable price should be supplied.

This study aims to present an effective basic material and data . for the future earth science education by examining the present condition of scientific laboratory and observation unit of earth science test books. The method used in this study is based on the questionnaire obtained from the earth science teachers throughout the nation and an analysis of reference material related. The main subject of this study is the basic qualification of earth science teacher, the present condition of laboratory equipment, the status of scientific experiment and the problems of earth science experiment kits. Based on the above investigations, suggestions are presented for future earth science education: (1) The laboratory and observation education should be more emphasised than lecture. (2) A team should consists of 10 students at laboratory. (3) It is in urgent need to publish a laboratory manual for the student. (4) Well designed laboratory equipments and good quality kits of reasonable price should be supplied.

내덕리 화강암과 농거리 화강암은 영남육괴 동북부의 태백-상동지역에서 분포하는 고원생대 화강암이다. 이 단보에서는 내덕리 화강암과 농거리 화강암에서 추출된 광물들에 대해 희토류원소의 함량측정 및 이들 광물들로 부터의 Rb-Sr 광물연대를 구함으로써 내덕리-농거리 화강암의 지구화학적 진화사를 재조명할 수 있는 틀을 마련 하고자 하였다. 운석으로 규격화한 희토류원소 분포도에서는, 저어콘을 제외한 흑운모, 장석, 석영, 전기석 등 모든 주구성광물은 경희토류가 부화되어 있고, 중희토류가 결핍된 희토류원소 분포도를 보여주고 있다. 저어콘의 경우 Eu의 강한 부(-)의 이상과 더불어 경희토류와 중희토류 모두 부화된 특성을 보여주는데. 이는 열수기원임을 지시 하는 증거라 할 수 있다. 그리고 Rb-Sr 광물연대에 있어서 광물분리한 시료만을 이용한 Rb-Sr 광물연대는 1.814±142(2σ) Ma의 연대치를 지시해주었고, 기존의 자료와 함께 통합하여 계산했을 때는 1,707±74(2σ) Ma의 연 대치를 지시해주었다. 이 광물연대값은 겉보기에서는 기존의 1.72 Ga Rb-Sr 전암연대보다는 더 오래됐고, 1.87 Ga의 Sm-Nd 전암연대보다는 더 젊다. 이와 같이 광물연대와 전암연대가 다르게 나타나는 것은, 저어콘의 희토류원소 분포도가 지시해주는 바와 같이 Rb-Sr 동위원소계가 화강암의 정치 후 열수변질을 받았음을 지시해준다고 해석된다.

문경 지질공원 후보지의 지질명소 쌍룡계곡, 용추계곡 그리고 문경새재를 구성하고 있는 화강암류와 규 장질 관입암류의 저어콘 U-Pb 연령측정과 전암 지구화학 성분분석을 수행하였다. 이들 화성암류들은 각각 문경시 의 서부, 북서부, 중부에 분포하고 있으며, 옥천변성대의 변성암류와 문경층군의 퇴적암류를 관입하고 있다. 고분 해능 이차이온질량분석기(SHRIMP)를 사용하여 측정한 쌍룡계곡의 두 개의 규장질 반암과 한 개의 화강암 시료 의 저어콘 U-Pb 연대측정 결과는 각각 93.9±3.3 Ma (tσ), 95.1±4.0 Ma (tσ) 그리고 94.4±2.0 Ma (tσ)으로 백악 기 관입 연령을 정의한다. 용추계곡의 화강암, 규장질 암맥, 그리고 문경새재 반상 화강암에서 측정한 관입 연령은 각각 90.2±2.0 Ma (tσ), 91.0±3.0 Ma (tσ) 그리고 88.6±1.5 Ma (tσ)의 관입연령을 갖는다. 이 지역의 화강암 연대 에 대한 기존 연구결과(Lee et al., 2010; Yi et al., 2014; Aum et al., 2019)와 더불어 계산한 평균표준오차를 계 산해보면, 쌍룡계곡(94.5±0.2 Ma)과 용추계곡(89.7±0.4 Ma) 화강암들 사이에 대략 5 Myr 정도의 관입 시기의 차 이가 존재함이 나타난다. 이 두 지역 사이의 문경지역의 규장질 화성암류의 지구화학 성분분석 결과는 후조산성 화강암 특성을 나타내며, 이는 초기 백악기 조산운동 및 이자나기의 섭입 말기의 화성활동에 대비된다.

A well-maintained landscape can increase the competitiveness of a city. Gyeongju which is the famous ancient capital of Korea, has numerous historical resources. However, the disharmony between the historical landscape and the surrounding landscape weakens the competitiveness of the city. At present, most landscape analysis methods mainly focus on plans, photos, and animation, which have certain limitations in the expression of landscape spatial scale and materials. This study aimed to use the virtual walkthrough method to take the Wolseong District of Gyeongju historical areas as the object in order to evaluate the landscape visually. Compared with planar landscape analysis methods, such as photos and videos, the virtual walkthrough method is more immersive and intuitive to experience the spatial scale. The study results revealed images, visual characteristics, and visual influence factors of the landscape, which provide essential data for the construction and improvement of landscapes in similar historical areas in the future.