In 2022, the domestic production performance of functional cosmetics in South Korea reached 4.6 trillion won, accounting for 33.85% of the total cosmetics production. The number of functional cosmetics reviewed increased by about 7.5% from the previous year, totaling 974 items. Especially with the increasing importance of the skin barrier function due to skin sensitivity caused by various environmental pollutants, domestic cosmetic companies are showing interest in the development of new ingredients and products related to this area. This study aims to analyze academic research trends related to in vitro experiments for the development of cosmetics improving the skin barrier, to provide practical information for the cosmetic industry. The findings are as follows: Academic research mainly focused on the efficacy of natural ingredients in improving the skin barrier, but there is a significant lack of quantitative accumulation of research. For the development of skin barrier-improving cosmetic ingredients, efficacy evaluation indicators were set, including hyaluronic acid production, expression of filaggrin gene, loricrin, formation of cornified envelope (CE), and expression of ceramide synthesis enzyme genes. Moreover, effective cosmetic ingredients for improving the skin barrier included lemongrass and perilla leaf extracts, flavonoids, Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis, Exosomelike Nanovesicles derived from apple callus, Eleutherococcus sessiliflorus, Acanthopanax sessiliflorus, Eleutherococcus gracilistylus, Acer okamotoanum extracts, Aloe vera adventitious root extract, ethanol extract of Aruncus dioicus, and organic solvent fraction of Dracocephalum argunense.

This study analyzes the body shapes of lower-body obese female adolescents and proposes a slacks pattern suitable for their body type. Lower-body obesity is a prevalent type of teenage obesity, and our proposals aim to improve consumer satisfaction in ready-to-wear clothes across this demographic. We first observe characteristics of obese lower bodies, noting significantly above-average thigh and hip circumference. These figures indicate a high degree of curvature in obese lower bodies, along with a large drop value. Leveraging this data, we develop a novel slacks pattern using 3D avatars in a virtual simulation system. The formulas for the main areas of the pattern are as follows: front waist girth W/4+0.75cm+0.5cm, back waist girth W/4+0.5cm– 0.5cm, front hip girth H/4+1.25cm–0.5cm, back hip girth H/4+2cm+0.5cm, front crotch extension H/16+0.5cm, back crotch extension H/8+1cm. Results from appearance evaluations show that this pattern minimizes strain rate on the waist and hips, and its average score is significantly higher than that of an alternative pattern that was also evaluated. The minimized strain rate and high average score indicate that our pattern assigns a sufficient amount of space to the appropriate areas. Based on these results, we expect our research to inform slacks pattern development and production for obese consumers of all types.

This study aims to merge Picasso’s expressive elements and deconstructive fashion’s formative traits, proposing an upcycle fashion design that fuses artistic and philosophical aspects. The analysis of Picasso’s Cubism identified qualities like liberating revolution, fluidity of vision, geometric reducibility, complex symbolism, and creative imitation. The analysis of Derrida’s deconstructionism revealed expressive traits: uncertainty, intertextuality, différance, and dis-de phenomenon. An upscale fashion design was developed based on six Picasso works featuring women. The design was created using the fashion design software CLO 3D and integrated clothing waste and scrap fabrics as materials.The results are as follows. First, upcycle fashion was viewed from a new perspective based on Picasso and Derrida’s values. This perspective suggested creating better ethical values by upholding environmental protection in novel ways that overcome limitations rather than destroy existing values indiscriminately. Second, upcycle fashion design methodologies were derived from various perspectives utilizing formative features of Picasso’s works and specific expressive features of deconstructed fashion. Third, the direction of mitigating waste and pollution from clothing production and transportation was revealed by making clothes in a virtual space using the CLO 3D program. This study contributed to obtaining various methods for developing upcycle fashion designs using own methods of Picasso and Derrida to diversify the approaches of upcycling, which is relatively stagnant in disassembling.

This article presents the crucial role played by the French underground research laboratory (URL) in initiating the deep geological repository project Cigéo. In January 2023, Andra finalized the license application for the initial construction of Cigéo. Depending on Government’s decision, the construction of Cigéo may be authorized around 2027. Cigéo is the result of a National program, launched in 1991, aiming to safely manage high-level and intermediate level long-lived radioactive wastes. This National program is based on four principles: 1) excellent science and technical knowledge, 2) safety and security as primary goals for waste management, 3) high requirements for environment protection, 4) transparent and openpublic exchanges preceding the democratic decisions and orientations by the Parliament. The research and development (R&D) activities carried out in the URL supported the design and the safety demonstration of the Cigéo project. Moreover, running the URL has provided an opportunity to gain practical experience with regard to the security of underground operations, assessment of environmental impacts, and involvement of the public in the preparation of decisions. The practices implemented have helped gradually build confidence in the Cigéo project.

Concerning the apprehensions about naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) residues, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and its member nations have acknowledged the imperative to ensure the radiation safety of NORM industries. Residues with elevated radioactivity concentrations are predominantly produced during NORM processing, in the form of scale and sludge, referred to as technically enhanced NORM (TENORM). Substantial quantities of TENORM residues have been released externally due to the dismantling of NORM processing factories. These residues become concentrated and fixed in scale inside scrap pipes. To assess the radioactivity of scales in pipes of various shapes, a Monte Carlo simulation was employed to determine dose rates corresponding to the action level in TENORM regulations for different pipe diameters and thicknesses. Onsite gamma spectrometry was conducted on a scrap iron pipe from the titanium dioxide manufacturing factory. The measured dose rate on the pipe enabled the estimation of NORM concentration in the pipe scale onsite. The derived action level in dose rate can be applied in the NORM regulation procedure for on-site judgments.

Abstract Purpose : This study sought to identify ways to develop the Korean optometrists to meet the diverse and growing social demand for eye health services. Methods : We analyzed the optometrist qualification system, scope of practice, educational qualifications, and types of qualifications in 38 OECD countries based on the World Health Organization (WHO) and the European Union (EU) national occupational classifications of health care professions, data from World Council of Optometry (WCO) member countries, International Orthoptics Association (IOA), and databases of laws and occupational regulations in each country. Results : The occupational classification of the WHO and EU was classified into optometrists and dispensing opticians systems at the same level as medical personnel. However, the occupational classification in Korea is operating in a lower and monotonous structure. More than 78% of OECD countries operated optometrists system, and more than 67% of optometrists performed Category 3 or higher tasks, including prevention and management of abnormal visual function and primary screening and diagnosis of eye health. The educational level of optometrists was found to have a bachelor's degree or higher education than a bachelor's degree in more than 72% of countries. In addition, major overseas countries appeared to be developing into a system of subdivided qualification types such as orthoptist, advanced optometrist, therapeutic optometrist, independent prescribing optometrist, and ophthalmic medical technicians based on the optometrists system, essential clinical experience, and additional specialized education. Conclusion : The Korean optometrists system should introduce the international level as a national qualification, expand the scope of work to Category 3, and develop more specialized and subdivided qualifications. In conclusion, Korean optometrists need to have a standardized curriculum based on international standards, a bachelor's degree or higher, and certification with required clinical experience. Key words : Korean optometrist, Optometrist, Vision care Authors

The 4th Industrial Revolution and the continuous development of Science and Technology have also required a speedy business promotion method in the defense industry. Advanced countries including the United States are already boldly innovating the existing high-cost and long-term acquisition system with the highest priority in weapons development to cope with the military rise of Russia and China. The Ministry of National Defense and the Defense Acquisition Program Administration have also recently introduced a quick acquisition system and are applying it to business promotion. In addition, some small-scale projects and weapons systems are being reorganized so that they can be managed by the units demanding them. After an organizational diagnosis of the Project Acquisition Group by the Ministry of National Defense in 2020, it has been reassigned as a subordinate unit of the Army Logistics Command from a direct unit managed by the Army HQ. As a result, problems such as work conflict or redundancy have been identified. In addition, a system has been implemented to shorten the acquisition period by applying a rapid acquisition program in the field of weapons systems by benchmarking the rapid acquisition program of advanced countries. The force support system project process will also need to introduce such a quick acquisition system. In addition, the Ministry of National Defense is considering ways to delegate some weapon systems to each military, which will then carry out tasks ranging from requirements determination to project management. Accordingly, it is now time to expand the organization for the management of the Army's weapons system acquisition project. Therefore, in this paper, the Army Project Acquisition Group was analyzed on its organization, acquisition procedures, and cooperation systems, with presentations of development plans for each field.

󰡔유몽천자(牖蒙千字)󰡕는 한국개신교선교사 게일(James Scarth Gale(한국명 : 奇一), 1863-1937)과 그의 조사(pundit) 이창직(李昌稙, 1866-1936)이 함께 편찬한 경신 학교와 정신여학교의 교과서이다. 이 책은 총 4권으로 구성된 교재다. 여기에 실린 내용 은 자연과학, 사회과학, 서양의 역사, 서양의 인물, 서양의 문학, 우리의 한문고전에 관한 것 등으로 이루어져 있다. 더불어 개화기에 우리의 어문 생활에 필요하다고 생각한 한자 와 관련 정보, 한자어, 국한문, 한문에 관한 지식을 정식 학교 교육을 받는 학생들에게 알 려 주기 위하여 편찬한 것이다. 본고에서는 이러한 󰡔유몽천자󰡕 전집의 체계와 구성, 전 집을 구성하는 3가지 문체 유형, 그리고 전집에 새겨져 있는 개신교선교사의 문체실험의 역사를 고찰했다.

In this paper, we present a case study of developing MVIS (Machine Vision Inspection System) designed for exterior quality inspection of stamping dies used in the production of automotive exterior components in a small to medium-sized factory. While the primary processes within the factory, including machining, transportation, and loading, have been automated using PLCs, CNC machines, and robots, the final quality inspection process still relies on manual labor. We implement the MVIS with general- purpose industrial cameras and Python-based open-source libraries and frameworks for rapid and low-cost development. The MVIS can play a major role on improving throughput and lead time of stamping dies. Furthermore, the processed inspection images can be leveraged for future process monitoring and improvement by applying deep learning techniques.

Approximately 40,000 elevators are installed every year in Korea, and they are used as a convenient means of transportation in daily life. However, the continuous increase in elevators has a social problem of increased safety accidents behind the functional aspect of convenience. There is an emerging need to induce preemptive and active elevator safety management by elevator management entities by strengthening the management of poorly managed elevators. Therefore, this study examines domestic research cases related to the evaluation items of the elevator safety quality rating system conducted in previous studies, and develops a statistical model that can examine the effect of elevator maintenance quality as a result of the safety management of the elevator management entity. We review two types: odds ratio analysis and logistic regression analysis models.

가상의 공간에서 함께 즐기는 콘텐츠에 대해 관심이 늘어나고 있다. 더불어 가상공간에서 나만의 아바타도 꾸미고 게임 콘텐츠 역시 즐기고 있다. 이러한 가상의 공간을 메타버스라고 하며 대표적인 플랫폼으로는 제 페토와 로블록스가 있다. 메타버스 플랫폼은 플랫폼의 취지에 맞게 유저가 직접 제작하기 편리한 컨텐츠 제 작 도구를 지원한다. 그러나 일반 유저가 제작한 콘텐츠는 메타버스에서 활동하고 있는 다양한 유저의 관심 과 흥미를 지속적으로 유발하기에는 부족한 부분이 있어 꾸준한 흥행이 어렵다. 본 논문은 기존 게임 엔진을 활용해서 콘텐츠를 제작하는 콘텐츠 개발자로서 메타버스 플랫폼이 제공하는 제작 도구의 효용성을 검증하 고자 게임 엔진의 선택 기준을 참고하여 인터페이스, 개발 언어, 개발 공정의 기준으로 대표하는 플랫폼의 제작 도구를 비교하였다.

본 연구는 환경교육용 보드게임 개발에 관한 연구다. 이를 위해 문헌 고찰과 전문가 인터뷰를 실시하여 핵심 메커니즘과 용어를 도출하였다. 또한, 타당도와 신뢰도 검증을 위하여 델파이 조사를 진행하였다. 연구 결과 9개 항목에 대하여 합의가 이뤄졌으며, 이를 기반으로 ‘수풀로 메이커’ 프로토타입을 제작하고 플레이테스트 를 진행하였다. 그 결과, 환경에 대한 관심, 생태복원의 개념, 탄소 중립에 대한 이해를 보여, 연구의 초기 목 적을 달성한 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구로 인해 개발된‘수풀로 메이커’는 아동과 청소년의 환경교육 교재의 역할 뿐만 아니라, 환경에 대한 깊이 있는 이해를 견인하고, 더 나아가 실천양식 변화의 잠재성을 키우는 역 할에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

In this study, project information of government-funded research institute in the food field was collected and analyzed to systematically identify the factors affecting the process of transferring technological achievements of public research institute to the private sector. This study hypothesized that human resources, financial resources, and technological characteristics as input factors of R&D projects affect output factors, such as research papers or patents produced by R&D projects. Moreover, these outputs would serve as drivers of the technology transfer as one of the R&D outcomes. Linear Regression Analysis and Poisson Regression Analysis were conducted to empirically and sequentially investigate the relationship between input factors and output and outcome of R&D projects and the results are as follows: First, the principle investigator's career and participating researcher's size as human resource factors have an influence on both the number of SCI (science citation index) papers and patent registration. Second, the research duration and research expenses for the current year have an influence on the number of SCI papers and patent registrations, which are the main outputs of R&D projects. Third, the technology life cycle affects the number of SCI papers and patent registrations. Lastly, the higher the number of SCI papers and patent registrations, the more it affected the number of technology transfers and the amount of technology transfer contract.

본 논문에서는 몬스터에게 붙잡히지 않고 키를 찾아서 연구소를 탈출하는 공포 방탈출 게임을 제안한다. 제 안하는 게임을 진행한30명의 게임 플레이 로그 데이터 분석 결과와 설문조사 결과를 바탕으로, 제안하는 게 임의 특징을 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 제안하는 게임은 다양한 아이템, 액션, 탈출 경로를 제공한다. 제안하는 게임이 숨을 곳도 많고 다양한 상호작용을 제공한다고 설문에서4점 이상 주었다. 또한, map의 footprint를 분석한 결과, 플레이어는 다양한 경로를 통해 키를 찾아서 탈출하였다. 둘째, 제안하는 게임은 외 관으로 기능을 추론할 수 있는 직관적인 오브젝트를 제공한다. 따라서, 플레이어는 시각적 공간 및 게임 아 이템 용도를 쉽게 파악하여 조작할 수 있다. 설문조사 결과에서, 플레이어는 조작감 관련 항목의 점수를4점 이상을 주었다. 셋째, 제안하는 게임에서 플레이어는 아이템이 충분할 때보다는 부족할 때 더 몰입을 잘 한 다. 게임 플레이 로그 데이터 분석 결과와 설문조사 결과에 따르면, 플레이어는 아이템이 부족할 때 더 크게 공포를 느끼고 상황에 몰입하여, 더 적극적으로 행동하게 되고 더 민감하게 반응한다.

In this review, the regulatory mechanisms of autophagy were described, and its interaction with apoptosis was identified. The role of autophagy in embryogenesis, tooth development, and cell differentiation were also investigated. Autophagy is regulated by various autophagy-related genes and those related to stress response. Highly active autophagy occurrences have been reported during cell differentiation before implantation after fertilization. Autophagy is involved in energy generation and supplies nutrients during early birth, essential to compensate for their deficient supply from the placenta. The contribution of autophagy during tooth development, such as the shape of the crown and root formation, ivory, and homeostasis in cells, was also observed. Genes control autophagy, and studying the role of autophagy in cell differentiation and development was useful for understanding human aging, illness, and health. In the future, the role of specific mechanisms in the development and differentiation of autophagy may increase the understanding of the pathological mechanisms of disease and development processes and is expected to reduce the treatment of various diseases by modulating the autophagic phenomenon.

As a result of this study, the performance evaluation of the development of laminated paper automatic adhesive processing machine is considered and concluded as follows. The cardboard processing unit for automatic folding and gluing designed a feeder for supplying cardboard, and the prototype production was compared with the existing production and the developed product, and the production rate was improved from 31,100 to 46,500 pieces per day, and the production speed was increased from 68 to 98. The defect rate was solved by solving the folding problem by comparing the existing production and the developed product, and the standard of the defect rate of the product was based on the folding, and the X1-X4 average defect rate was confirmed to be 0,000607%.

In this study, we have developed a movable defect detection system based on a vision module with machine-learning algorithm for distinguishing product quality. Machine-learning model determined the results in good or no good through images acquired from the vision module consisting of a camera, processor unit, and lighting. To ensure versatility for use in a variety of settings, we have integrated a robot arm and cart for the movable defect detection system, and the robot arm that adjusts the focus length is made to be able to rotate in all directions. The type of defect was divided into eccentricity defect and printing defect. As a result, it was confirmed that classification accuracy showed 0.9901 in our developed device.

The curb weight of electric trucks is more than 10% higher than that of conventional internal combustion engine trucks due to the motor and battery. For this reason, cargo box developed for small electric trucks is required weight reduction, and cargo door that can reduce weight and maintain strength are being developed. In this paper, we designed the lightweight cargo door, confirmed the stability of the door through structural analysis, and developed a cargo box door that was more than 25% lighter by applying composite materials such as Sheet Molding Compound(SMC) and Fiber Reinforced Plastic(FRP).

This study developed an IoT-based agricultural well control system and demonstrated it through a control system in the current state of domestic open-field smart farms where systematic management is insufficient due to the difficulty of collecting accurate data such as agricultural water intake and usage. As a result, it was possible to derive the optimal control system test results according to the watering conditions for each schedule by conducting automatic control focusing on periods when there is no precipitation. This means that irrigation can be carried out smoothly during the time when irrigation is needed to improve crop quality and secure farm income, and as a result, it is possible to systematically manage and operate among demonstration farms connected to irrigation, resulting in a shortage of agricultural water and a resolution of supply imbalances.

This paper is a study of a prototype development project in progress as part of an industry-academia joint technology development task. The so-called bird collision test equipment is a study to prove the validity of the performance and function content of the test equipment through the speed measurement of the specimen corresponding to the bird and other test procedures to evaluate its function by developing the bird collision test equipment, and the research and development goal is to establish a bird collision simulation test environment and develop data performance methods through this industry-academia study.