The genomic structure and phylogenetic relationships of HSP88 genes from P. tenuipes Jocheon-1, P. tenuipes, C. militaris and C. pruinosa are described. The HSP88 genomic DNA from P. tenuipes Jocheon-1, P. tenuipes and C. militaris all contain 5 introns and 6 exons with the length of 13, 62, 32, 1438, 306, 288 bp, encoding 713 amino acid residues. C. pruinosa HSP88 genomic DNA contains 4 introns and 5 exons encoding 713 amino acids. The length of each exon of C. pruinosa HSP88 is 13, 62, 32, 1744, 288 bp and the length of exon 4 is identical to the total length of exon 4 and exon 5 of HSP88 of P. tenuipes Jochoen-1, P. tenuipes, and C. militaris. The deduced amino acid sequence of P. tenuipes Jocheon-1 HSP88 showed 99% identity with the P. tenuipes, 97% identity with the Cordyceps militaris, and 98% identity with the C. pruinosa. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed that the P. tenuipes Jocheon-1, P. tenuipes, C. militaris and C. pruinosa HSP88 are placed together within the ascomycetes group of fungal clade.

In this study, a full-length heat shock protein88 complementary DNA (cDNA) of Paecilomyces tenuipes Jocheon-1 was obtained by screening of P. tenuipesJocheon-1 Uni-Zap cDNA library and 5' RACE polymerase chain reaction. The Paecilomyces tenuipes Jocheon-1 heat shock protein88 cDNA contains an open reading frame of 2,139 bp encoding 713 amino acid residues. The deduced amino acid sequence of the P. tenuipes Jocheon-1 HSP88 cDNA showed 77% identity to N. haematococca HSP88 and 45-76% identity to other fungi HSP88. Phylogenetic analysis and BLAST program analysis confirmed that the deduced amino acid sequences of the P. tenuipes Jocheon-1 HSP88 gene belonged to the ascomycetes group within the fungal clade and P. tenuipes Jocheon-1 HSP88 also contains the conserved ATPase domain at the N-terminal. The cDNA encoding P. tenuipes Jocheon-1 HSP88 was expressed as a 88 kDa polypeptide in baculovirus-infected insect Sf9 cells. Under different stress conditions, mRNA expression of P. tenuipes Jocheon-1 HSP88 were quantified by real-time PCR and the result showed that heat shock stress affected the mRNA expression levels of P. tenuipes Jocheon-1 HSP88.

Presently, We have constructed an olig-d(T) primed directional cDNA library from the silkworm Dongchunghacho, an entomopathogenic fungus, of which species is belonging to Paecilomyces tenuipes Jocheon-1. To isolate and screen genes in the fungus, 626 expressed sequence tags(ESTs) were generated by a partial sequencing from the cDNA library. Paecilomyces tenuipes Jocheon-1 cDNA encoding the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase(Pt-GAPDH) of Paecilomyces tenuipes Jocheon-1 was cloned from the above cDNA library. The complete cDNA sequence of Pt-GAPDHis comprised of 1,014bp encoding 338 amino acid residues. The deduced protein sequence of Pt-GAPDH showed higher homology with Beauberia bassiana-GAPDH(93% amino acid identity). Hydropathy analysis revealed that Pt-GAPDH protein is hydrophilic. The major three amino acids in its composition of amino acid residues were alanine(11.54%), valine(9.47%) and glycine(8.88%). The cDNA encoding Pt-GAPDH was expressed as a 37 kDa polypeptide in baculovirus-infected insect Sf9 cells. The Pt-GAPDH gene of Paecilomyces tenuipes entomopathogenic fungus consisted of three exons and two introns coding for 338 amino acid residues, and the genomic DNA length of the gene spans 1302bp. The accession number of the gene in GenBank are GU997099 for Pt-GAPDH cDNA and GU997102 for Pt-GAPDH genomic DNA.

Fungi belonging to the Paecilomyces spp. have recently been used as food and herbal medicines in Korea and are greatly popular as commercially available powdered supplement or dried fruiting body. Despite this acceptance and its use, little is known of the genes related to its reactive agents. Presently, We have constructed an olig-d(T) primed directional cDNA library from the silkworm Dongchunghacho, an entomopathogenic fungus, of which species is belonging to Paecilomyces spp. based on the previous identification of ITS1 and ITS2 at the molecular level and collected from Jocheon Miryang, Korea. To isolate and screen genes in the fungus, 626 expressed sequence tags(ESTs) were generated by a partial sequencing from the cDNA library. cDNA encoding the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase(Pt-GAPDH) of Paecilomyces tenuipes- Jocheon was cloned from the above cDNA library. The complete cDNA sequence of Pt-GAPDH is comprised of 1,014bp encoding 338 amino acid residues. The deduced protein sequence of Pt-GAPDH showed higher homology with Beauberia bassiana-GAPDH(93% amino acid identity). Hydropathy analysis revealed that Pt-GAPDH protein is hydrophilic. The major three amino acids in its composition of amino acid residues were alanine(11.54%), valine(9.47%) and glycine(8.88%). The Pt-GAPDH gene of Paecilomyces tenuipes entomopathogenic fungus consisted of three exons and two introns coding for 338 amino acid residues, and the genomic DNA length of the gene spans 1302bp. The accession number of the gene in GenBank are GU997099 for Pt-GAPDH cDNA and GU997102 for Pt-GAPDH genomic DNA. More investigation works including gene expression, immunological analysis etc. will be carried continuously without hesitation after this presentation.

A full genomic DNA microarray technique was employed to investigate the effects of Dongchunghacho on aortal and hepatic gene expression in apolipoprotein E knockout mice fed a high-fat/high-cholesterol diet. Male 8- week - old ApoE-/- mice were randomly divided into two groups, control(high cholesterol group; HC) and supplementation of Dongchunghacho (SD). All of the mice were fed a high-fet/high cholesterol diet with or without Dongchunghacho supplemented by 1% for 6 weeks. At first, lipid profile of the Dongchunghacho was measured by biochemical analysis. No differences were observed in serum triglyceride and total cholesterol levels between the two groups. Antigenotoxic effect of the Dongchunghacho was measured by the single cell gel electrophoresis assay (Comet assay) and quantified as % fluorescence in tail. Dongchunghacho supplementation decreased significantly leukocytic DNA damage and also there was a tendency of reduction in hepatic DNA damage in Dongchunghacho group compared with the control group. In up regulated genes in liver and aorta of the mice, genes with 0 to 2- fold difference in expression level between the two group (HD and SD) was very much more in liver than in aorta, on the contrary, those with 2-fold to 16-flod difference increased greatly rather in aorta than in liver. Also, almost the same results were observed in down regulated genes in liver and aorta between the two groups. These results suggested that supplementation of Dongchunghacho might be helpful in preventing leukocytic DNA damage induced by high fat diet, and has a more crucial roles in aortal gene expression.

Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)이 폴리술폰 한외여과 막, 술폰화된 폴리에테르술폰, 폴리아미드 나노 막 위에 코팅된 나노 복합막을 가압법에 의해서 제조되었다. PVA는 글루터알데하이드 수용액으로 가교되었다. 모든 지지층위에 PVA 희박용액이 성공적으로 코팅되어 나노복합막이 제조되었다. 지지막 위의 친수화도가 높아짐에 따라 수투과 유량이 증가하였다. 특히 음하전을 띠는 폴리아미드 나노 복합막의 제타전위는 PVA로 코팅함으로서 감소되었다. 막 오염 실험은 양이온을 띠는 계면활성제, 휴민산, 휴민산과 칼슘이온 복합체 및 bovine serum albumin을 사용하여 실행하였다. PVA로 코팅되지 않은 폴리아미드 나노복합막은 각각의 오염물질에 의해서 심하게 오염되었다. 휴민산과 단백질에 의한 오염은 오염물질의 등전점에서 가장 심하게 발생하였다. 휴민산에 이가 양이온을 첨가함으로서 오염이 심각하게 일어났다. PVA 수용액으로 폴리아미드 나노 복합막을 코팅함으로서 막 오염이 감소되었다. PVA로 코팅된 폴리아미드 나노 복합막은 산, 염기용액에 대해 저항성을 보였다.

비대칭 폴리비닐리덴플루오라이드(PVDF) 막을 상전환법으로 제조하였다. 도포용액은 PVDF를 용매인 N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP)와 비용매인 1,4-dioxane, diethyleneglycol dimethyl ether (DGDE), acetone, (equation omitted)-butyrolactone(GBL)의 혼합용매에 녹여서 제조한다. 여러 첨가제가 도포용액 특성, 투과특성과 막 구조에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 응고제인 물과 1,4-dioxane, DGDE, acetone과의 상용성이 NMP보다 낮아서 기공크기가 작아진다. 첨가제의 양을 조절하여 기공크기를 변화시켰다. 혼합용매(수계 및 비수계)가 막의 투과성능에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 용액점도뿐만 아니라 표면장력도 용매 투과특성에 영향을 끼침을 알 수 있었다.

통합형 비대칭 폴리아크릴로니트릴(PAN) 한외여과막의 기공크기를 줄이기 위하여 아닐링을 하였다. 두 종류 PAN 고분자(단일중합체와 공중합체)의 화학적 구조가 아닐링에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. PAN 고분자의 아닐링은 고분자의 화학적 구조에 큰 영향을 받는다. 공중합체가 단일중합체에 비해서 덜 강직한 구조를 지니므로 아닐링에 훨씬 큰 영향을 받는다. 아닐링을 실시하기 전에 고분자 내에 잔존하는 용매의 완벽한 제거를 위하여 분리막을 물 속에서 예열 처리하였다. 예열처리를 하지 않은 경우가 아닐링 효과가 더 컸다. 높은 온도에서 아닐링 하기 전에 예열을 하면 기공크기의 증가를 가져 왔다. 막의 표면은 약간 음전하를 띠었고 PAN 나노막의 염배제율은 다음과 같은 순서로 측정되었다: R(Na₂SO₄) > R(NaCl) > R(MgSO₄) > R(CaCl₂). Donnan 평형과 전기중성도에 의해서 염제거 거동을 설명하였다.

We analyzed the high resolution H,6 line spectra of CH Cygni obtained at the Bohyunsan Astronomical Observatory (BOAO) on April 2004. The temporal changes in the Hβ line profiles are reported. We obtained the equivalent widths of the Gaussian components. Using this we estimated the length of the gaseous nebula which emits the Hβ line and the mass loss rate from the star.

건강증진센터를 방문한 환자를 대상으로 CT 지방측정 위치에 따른 내장지방 면적과 Inbody로 측정한 내장지방 면적의 차이를 비교하여 보았다. CT 지방측정에서 L4-5와 CT Umbilicus 위치에서 측정한 내장지방 면적은 남·여 성별에 다른 차이는 없었다. 또한, CT 지방측정 위치에 따른 내장지방 면적과 Inbody로 측정한 내장지방 면적과의 상관관계에서 CT 내장지방 면적과 Inbody로 측정한 내장지방 면적 간의 차이가 없 었다. CT 내장지방 측정 위치는 남자 L4-5, L5-S1 위치, 여자 L3-4, L4-5, L5-S1, Umbilicus 위치에서 높은 상관관계를 보였다. Inbody 내장지방 면적과 CT 내장지방 면적 관계 간의 연구를 할 때 CT L4-5 위치의 내 장지방 면적과 비교하는 것을 제안한다.

본 연구는 CT를 이용한 지방측정(Fat measurement)에 반복 재구성법(IR)이 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 알아보기 위하여 기존의 필터보정 역투영법(FBP)과 비교하여 고급 모델링 반복 재구성법(ADMIRE)은 어떠한 차이가 있는지 알아보고자 한다. CT Fat measurement에 ADMIRE가 미치는 영향에 대해 알아본 결과 기존의 Filtered back projection과 비교하여 Visceral fat area, Subcutaneous fat area, V/S Ratio, Visceral fat area의 HU 그리고 Subcutaneous fat area의 HU는 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 하지만 ADMIRE Strength가 커질수록 Visceral fat area의 Noise는 최대 12%, Subcutaneous fat area의 Noise는 최대 19% 감소하였다. 그리고 CT를 이용한 Fat measurement에서 내장지방과 피하지방 측정에 ADMIRE 알고리즘은 아무런 영향을 주지 않았다.