자가사리 정자는 체외수정을 하는 일반적인 수중형의 형태를 하고 있으나 미토콘드리아의 많은 수, 핵 돌기 및 두 개의 편모를 가지는 구조적 차이를 보여주었다. 핵의 기부에는 두 개의 깊이 함입된 핵와에 각각 말단부중심립을 포함하고 두 개의 중심립은 축사를 형성할 기저체로서의 기능을 하며 서로 평행하게 배열되어 있었다. 부수체는 중심립에서부터 핵막 사이의 공간에 있으며 이들 사이의 공간적 관계를 안정화시키는 역할을 하는 것으로 여겨진다. 미토콘드리아는 중편세포질에서 2층 또는 3층으로 배열되어 있으며 그 수는 40개 정도가 있었다. 정자는 두 개의 편모를 가지며 각 편모에 2개씩 즉 4개의 axonemal fins가 나있고 이들은 축사의 이중미세소관 3번과 8번 양쪽의 원형질막이 돌출되어 나타났다. 세포질관을 덮고있는 외벽은 원형질막과 소포체 수조로 구성 되며 이들 사이에 수많은 결합구조가 발달되어 있었다. 이와같이 자가사리의 정자는 구형의 핵, 깊은 핵와, 미토콘드리아의 배열 및 편모의 구성에 있어서 메기과와 동자개과의 정자와 유사하나 이들 두 과와는 핵 돌기, 핵와, 축사 및 axonemal fins의 수에 있어서는 차이를 보여주었다. 정자의 중편과 꼬리의 구성에서 메기목 4과 중 퉁가리과와 동자개과의 계통적 유연관계가 가장 밀접한 것으로 나타났다.

Mungbean (Vigna radiata) is a fast-growing, warm-season legume crop that is primarily cultivated in developing countries of Asia. We constructed a draft genome sequence of mungbean to facilitate genome research into the subgenus Ceratotropis and to enable a better understanding of the evolution of leguminous species. The draft genome sequence covers 80% of the estimated genome, of which 50.1% consists of repetitive sequences. In total, 22,427 high confidence protein-coding genes were predicted. Based on the de novo assembly of additional wild mungbean species, the divergence of what was eventually domesticated and the sampled wild mungbean species appears to have predated domestication. Moreover, the de novo assembly of a tetraploid Vigna species (Vigna reflexo-pilosa var. glabra) provided genomic evidence of a recent allopolyploid event. To further study speciation, we compared de novo RNA-seq assemblies of 22 accessions of 18 Vigna species and protein sets of Glycine max and Cajanus cajan. The species tree was constructed by a Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo method using highly confident orthologs shared by all 24 accessions. The present assembly of V. radiata var. radiata will facilitate genome research and accelerate molecular breeding of the subgenus Ceratotropis.

A new black seed coat soybean variety, “Socheong” was developed at the Yeongnam Agricultural Research Institute (YARI) in 2006. The goal to breed the black seed coat soybean is to develop the cultivar with high yield, lodging tolerance, resistant to disease such as soybean mosaic virus (SMV), and bacterial pustule and seed size. Socheong was selected from the cross between Milyang 78, which was late maturing, susceptible to lodging and SMV and with large seed size and green cotyledon, and Peking which was tolerant to lodging and with small seed size. The preliminary, advanced and regional yield trials for evaluation and selection of this variety were carried out from 2002 to 2006. It has determinate growth habit, white flower, brown pubescence, brown pod color, black seed coat, green cotyledon, elongated flattened seed shape, oval leaf shape and small seed size (15.7 grams per 100 seeds), and it was 3 days later in maturity than the check cultivar Cheongjakong. Socheong was higher, in the seed quality of sucrose and total sugar contents (6.8 and 8.2%) and isoflavone contents (1,754 ㎍/g) than the check cultivar. Futhermore, it has good characteristics for mechanical harvest, such as lodging tolerance, pod shattering and stem diameter. It also has been identified to have resistance to soybean mosaic virus symptom which was the troublesome soybean diseases. The average yield of Socheong was 2.21 ton per hectare in the regional yield trials carried out in four locations of Korea among seven locations from 2004 to 2006, which was 5 percent lower than the check cultivar Cheongjakong.

A new black seed coat soybean cultivar, “Heugmi” was developed at the Yeongnam Agricultural Research Institute (YARI) in 2006. The goal to breed the black seed coat soybean is to develop the cultivar with high yield, lodging tolerance, resistant to disease such as soybean mosaic virus (SMV), and bacterial pustule and seed size. Heugmi was selected from the cross between Milyang 78, which was late maturing, susceptible to lodging and SMV and with large seed size and green cotyledon, and Milyang 68, which was middle maturing, resistant to lodging and SMV and with middle seed size and yellow cotyledon. The preliminary, advanced and regional yield trials for evaluation and selection of this cultivar were carried out from 2001 to 2006. It has determinate growth habit, purple flower, brown pubescence, black pod color, black seed coat, green cotyledon, spherical seed shape, oval leaf shape and middle seed size (24.8 grams per 100 seeds), and it was 2 days earlier in maturity than the check cultivar Cheongjakong. Heugmi was better in the seed quality of crude protein contents, sucrose and total sugar contents than the check cultivar. It also has been identified to have resistance to SMV which was the troublesome soybean diseases. The average yield of Heugmi was 2.53 ton per hectare in the regional yield trials carried out in seven locations of Korea from 2004 to 2006, which was 8 percent higher than the check cultivar Cheongjakong.

Danok3, a sweet corn hybrid that matures early was developed by the corn breeding team at the National Crop Experiment Station (NCES), RDA in 2001. Inbred KSS2 derived from Golden Bantam was used as the seed parent of Danok3, and inbred KSS22 derived from