Periodontal disease is a chronic but treatable condition which often does not cause pain during the initial stages of the illness. Lack of awareness of symptoms can delay initiation of treatment and worsen health. The aim of this study was to develop and compare different risk prediction models for periodontal disease using machine learning algorithms. We obtained information on risk factors for periodontal disease from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) dataset. Principal component analysis and an auto-encoder were used to extract data on risk factors for periodontal disease. A synthetic minority oversampling technique algorithm was used to solve the problem of data imbalance. We used a combination of logistic regression analysis, support vector machine (SVM) learning, random forest, and AdaBoost to classify and compare risk prediction models for periodontal disease. In cases where we used principal component analysis (PCA) to extract risk factors, the recall was higher than the feature selection method in the logistic regression and support-vector machine learning models. AdaBoost’s recall was 0.98, showing the highest performance of both feature selection and PCA. The F1 score showed relatively high performance in Ada- Boost, logistic regression, and SVM learning models. By using the risk factors extracted from the research results and the predictive model based on machine learning, it will be able to help in the prevention and diagnosis of periodontal disease, and it will be used to study the relationship with various diseases related to periodontal disease.

Humulus japonicus (HJ) is a widely used herbal medicine for pulmonary tuberculosis, hypertension, leprosy, and venomous wounds in Asia, particularly in China. Although HJ has certain physiological activities, such as longitudinal bone growth, antioxidation and alleviation of rheumatism, its anticancer activities, other than in colorectal and ovarian cancer, are yet to be studied. In this study, we investigated the anti-cancer activity and mechanism of methanol extracts of HJ (MeHJ) against human FaDu hypopharyngeal squamous carcinoma cells. MeHJ suppressed FaDu cell viability without affecting normal cells (L929), which was demonstrated using the MTT and Live & Dead assays. Furthermore, MeHJ effectively inhibited colony formation of FaDu cells, even at non-cytotoxic concentrations, and significantly induced apoptosis through the proteolytic cleavage of caspase-9, -3, -7, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase and through the downregulation of BCL-2 and upregulation of BAX in FaDu cells, as determined by DAPI staining, flow cytometry, and western blot analyses. Collectively, these findings suggest that the inhibitory effects of MeHJ on the growth and colony formation of oral cancer cells may be mediated by caspase- and mitochondrial-dependent apoptotic pathways in human FaDu hypopharyngeal squamous carcinoma cells. Therefore, MeHJ has the potential to be used as a natural chemotherapeutic drug against human oral cancer.

The PoN (Proof of Nonce) distributed consensus algorithm basically uses a non-competitive consensus method that can guarantee an equal opportunity for all nodes to participate in the block generation process, and this method was expected to resolve the first trilemma of the blockchain, called the decentralization problem. However, the decentralization performance of the PoN distributed consensus algorithm can be greatly affected by the network transaction transmission delay characteristics of the nodes composing the block chain system. In particular, in the consensus process, differences in network node performance may significantly affect the composition of the congress and committee on a first-come, first-served basis. Therefore, in this paper, we presented a problem by analyzing the decentralization performance of the PoN distributed consensus algorithm, and suggested a fairness control algorithm using a learning-based probabilistic acceptance rule to improve it. In addition, we verified the superiority of the proposed algorithm by conducting a numerical experiment, while considering the block chain systems composed of various heterogeneous characteristic systems with different network transmission delay.

This study attempted to reinterpret the meaning of the Roh MooHyun Jeju-Declaration in accordance with the age of artificial intelligence based on the liberal theory. In the era of artificial intelligence, a new aspect of the U.S.-China hegemonic competition was considered. The Roh MooHyun Declaration, which declared Jeju Island a peaceful island, was reinterpreted from three points of view of liberal theory. This study presented the necessity and orientation of the World Peace Island Network International Organization.

WAIS in South Korea and WEU Inc. in Philadelphia hosting the 22nd World Peace Island Forum: Remembering Jeju King Cherry Trees Bio-diplomacy (1943) in Washington D.C. and the first Korean Congress Democracy (1919) in Philadelphia which organized by the Korean Provisional Government from March 22 to 24, 2022. We want to propose cultural historic events which connect American and Korean society, such as the Trip to Faith and Liberty Hall that relate to the integration processes of Korean and American Democracy. Dean Max Friedman of American University calls the Jeju King cherry trees cultural event bio-diplomacy among world citizens. In addition, the Korean embassy evaluated the cherry tree event as a new kind of bio-diplomacy approach which paves the way for understanding different cultures in different countries. The aim of this paper is to share present contexts and meanings about both the first Korean Congress Democracy (1919) and Bio-diplomacy (1943). We had also the 2022 GAN Korea Jeju to Philadelphia Webinar Conference: Diversity as a New Diversity for Global Ageing Network in New Normal: Jeju Village Healing, PASSi Asian Culture, Japanese Indigenous Peace Culture, and Busan Smart Health Care approach.

Background: Forward head posture leads to resulting in posture instability and changes in spine alignment. To treat this condition, numerous studies have shown the effectiveness of joint mobilization. However, only a few studies have reported on the intervention location of joint mobilization or its effects on heart rate variability. Objectives: To investigated the effects of joint mobilization intervention at the lower cervical spine on pain, head posture, and heart rate variability (HRV) in patients with a forward head posture. Design: A randomized controlled trial. Methods: Twenty patients with forward head postures who met the study inclusion criteria were recruited. A randomization program was used to divide the subjects into experimental and control groups. Each group consisted of ten subjects. The intervention was performed for four weeks, three sessions per week, 15 min per day, and non-simultaneously throughout the 12-week study period. Results: A significant decrease in neck pain was shown in both the experimental and control groups. In contrast, significant changes in craniovertebral angle (CVA), cranial rotation angle (CRA), and HRV were found only in the experimental group. Conclusion: The mobilization of the cervical spine is an effective intervention for improving pain, head posture, and HRV.

Background: Volleyball is a team sport that requires a lot of movement and explosive movement. Volleyball players have different roles depending on their position. The reason is that the spiker or center is tall and the libero or setter is relatively small compared to other positions. Objectives: To investigate a difference in basic physical fitness according to the positions of volleyball players and to examine the correlation between basic physical fitness items. Design: Correlational research designs. Methods: A total of 33 male professional volleyball players were recruited for each position by position: 15 spikers, 7 centers, 5 setters, and 6 liberos. Muscle endurance, power, agility, and balance ability were measured as basic physical fitness items. Results: There was a statistically significant difference in agility according to each position (P<.05), and a positive correlation was indicated in muscle endurance and power (P<.05). Conclusion: A training program can be developed based on the correlation between training and basic physical fitness according to the positions of volleyball players.

Background: Short foot exercise, which is an intrinsic foot muscle exercise proposed by the foot core system, is used to improve the strength of intrinsic foot muscles and sensory input and function of the foot. However, there is a lack of studies that assessed the improvement in foot function after short foot exercise in patients undergoing rehabilitation after a modified Broström operation of the ankle joint. Objectives: To investigate the effects of short foot exercise on intrinsic foot muscle cross-sectional area and balance ability in patients who had undergone a modified Broström operation of the ankle joint. Design: A single blind, randomized controlled trial. Methods: Sixteen patients who were undergoing ankle rehabilitation exercises following the modified Broström operation were randomized into two groups. General physical therapy, short foot exercises, and ankle rehabilitation programs were performed in the experimental group (n=8), whereas general physical therapy and ankle rehabilitation programs were performed in the control group (n=8). For outcome measures, the intrinsic muscles of the foot were imaged using the Sonimage HS1 musculoskeletal ultrasound system. The Y-balance test and RS-foot scan system were used to confirm dynamic balance ability and static balance ability. Results: The cross-sectional area of the abductor hallucis and dynamic balance ability significantly improved in the experimental group that underwent short foot exercise compared to the control group (P<.05). In contrast, static balance ability was not significantly different between the two groups (P>.05). Conclusion: Short foot exercise successfully increased the cross-sectional area of the abductor muscle and improved dynamic balance after a modified Broström operation

Background: Patients who underwent rotator cuff repair (RCR) require management to control pain and prevent re tear and stiffness. Thoracic mobilization has been applied for the improvement of vertebra and shoulder movements and pain reduction. Also, core stability exercise is an intervention necessary for rehabilitation after shoulder surgery. Objectives: To examine the short term benefits of thoracic mobilization and core stability exercise for patients after RCR. Design: Randomized controlled trial with multi arm parallel group and single blind assessor. Methods: 30 participants after RCR were recruited. Participants were categorized into conventional physical therapy (CPT) group, thoracic mobilization (TM) group, and core stability exercise (CSE) group according to the randomization program. Each treatment, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimuli (TENS), TM, and CSE was applied to each group. 3 physical therapists only conducted evaluations; VAS (visual analogue scale), ROM (range of motion), and Korean version of Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI). Results: VAS and SPADI were statistically reduced, and ROM was statistically improved in all 3 groups. In between three group comparisons of changes in outcome variables, there was not a significant difference in VAS, but there was a significant difference in ROM and SPADI. In the post hoc test, ROM and SPADI showed a significant difference in TM and CSE compared to CPT. Conclusion: TM according to Maitland concept and CSE had beneficial effects compared to CPT in patients after RCR.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been recognized as a therapeutic tool for various diseases due to its unique ability for tissue regeneration and immune regulation. However, poor survival during in vitro expansion and after being administrated in vivo limits its clinical uses. Accordingly, protocols for enhancing cell survivability is critical for establishing an efficient cell therapy is needed. CDDOMe is a synthetic C-28 methyl ester of 2-cyano-3,12-dioxoolean-1,9-dien-28-oic acid, which is known to stimulate nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)- antioxidant response element (ARE) pathway. Herein, report that CDDO-Me promoted the proliferation of MSCs and increased colony forming units (CFU) numbers. No alteration in differentiation into tri-lineage mesodermal cells was found after CDDO-Me treatment. We observed that CDDO-Me treatment reduced the cell death induced by oxidative stress, demonstrated by the augment in the expression of Nrf2-downstream genes. Lastly, CDDO-Me led to the nuclear translocation of NRF2. Our data indicate that CDDO-Me can enhance the functionality of MSCs by stimulating cell survival and increasing viability under oxidative stress.

Patient-controlled sedation systems, in which the patient has control of sedative administration, have been shown to be effective and safe for patients undergoing minor procedures. Safety depends on the adequacy of the step-wise increase in dose of the sedative, the lockout time and patient’s ability to adjust the effective activation of the handset. While there is no patient-controlled sedation (PCS) system available domestically, we have developed a new purpose-built PCS pump, and determined its degree of precision using a microweight measuring scale. The PCS system was designed to be applied to most intravenous sedatives and work through a newly developed operating software algorithm that titrates the doses and lockout times. Our system titrates the doses through software modification, and for experimental purposes, the number of steps for handset activation by the patient was set to four, and the lockout time was set to 30 s. The degree of precision of the PCS system was tested using an electronic weighing scale. The comparison of the amount infused via the PCS system with weight on the scale showed nearly same patterns at the four infusion stages, and the difference was minimal (3% on average at each infusion step). We designed and manufactured a pilot button-type PCS pump capable of use by the patient for optimal sedation, and confirmed the precise working mechanism of the pump, thereby reducing the margin of error for infusion accuracy to 3% or less on average

Post-disturbance recovery pattern of subtidal soft corals-macroalgae mixed community and the role of water depth were investigated. The experiment was conducted in a subtidal rock wall of Munseom, Jeju Island, Korea for 2.5 years. Artificial disturbance was done at established treatment plots at depths of 10, 15 and 20 m and were then compared with undisturbed control plots. After disturbance, recovery of soft corals was very slow, whereas macroalgae quickly occupied the plots and reached a similar level as the control in 6 months, and this pattern was consistent at all water depths. This unbalanced speed of recovery caused higher macroalgae establishment than soft corals in treatment compared to control plots, indicating a possible phase shift in the community structure. This study provides an important implication for the necessity of monitoring the influence of disturbance at a larger scale, from a conservation perspective of soft corals in Jeju coast.

VR은 사용자가 가상 공간에 완전히 몰입하고 상호 작용할 수 있는 가상 세계이다. 본 연구는 스톱모션 애니 메이션을 VR 애니메이션으로 제작할 시 효과적인 객체 표현 방법에 대한 내용을 제시하고자 한다. 실험 결 과 데이터는 VR 스톱모션 애니메이션 및 일반 스톱모션 애니메이션, VR게임 등 다양한 콘텐츠에 적용이 가 능하다. 3D 오프젝트의 변화되는 형태를 앵글별로 3D 스캔한 후 게임엔진에서 다양하게 활용할 수 있도록 데이터화 한 뒤 콘텐츠에 적용하여 구현한다. 기존 스톱모션 애니메이션에서 느낄 수 있는 수작업 느낌을 살리되 디지털적인 이펙트를 추가적으로 이용할 수 있는 장점이 있다. 기존의 스톱 모션 애니메이터들이 접 근하기 힘든 영역을 작업하는데 필요한 세가지 모듈을 구현하여 실험하였다. VR 콘텐츠 제작에서 오브젝트 의 표현과 관련된 분야의 발전에 기여하게 될 것이며 새로운 방향을 제시할 것이다. 향후 연구에서는 각 캐 릭터 관절의 움직임에 따른 3D 스캔 데이터 관련 연구를 수행할 예정이다.

Unarmored and thin-walled dinoflagellates were collected from brackish and coastal waters of Korea from August 2019 to August 2021. A total of 10 species belonging to orders Sussiales and Gymnodiniales were isolated and established as clonal cultures. Of them, five species (Biecheleria brevisulcata, Lepidodinium chlorophorum, Karlodinium decipiens, Kirithra asteri, and Wangodinium sinense) are newly recorded in Korea and examined using a light microscope (LM) and a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Their molecular phylogeny was inferred from LSU rDNA sequences. Here, we present taxonomic information, morphological features, and molecular phylogenetic positions of these unrecorded dinoflagellate species.

Large earthquakes with (MW > ~ 6) result in ground shaking, surface ruptures, and permanent deformation with displacement. The earthquakes would damage important facilities and infrastructure such as large industrial establishments, nuclear power plants, and waste disposal sites. In particular, earthquake ruptures associated with large earthquakes can affect geological and engineered barriers such as deep geological repositories that are used for storing hazardous radioactive wastes. Earthquake-driven faults and surface ruptures exhibit various fault zone structural characteristics such as direction of earthquake propagation and rupture and asymmetric displacement patterns. Therefore, estimating the respect distances and hazardous areas has been challenging. We propose that considering multiple parameters, such as fault types, distribution, scale, activity, linkage patterns, damage zones, and respect distances, enable accurate identification of the sites for deep geological repositories and important facilities. This information would enable earthquake hazard assessment and lower earthquakeresulted hazards in potential earthquake-prone areas.

This paper aims to evaluate the mechanical integrity for Spent Nuclear Fuel (SNF) cladding under lateral loads during transportation. The evaluation process requires a conservative consideration of the degradation conditions of SNF cladding, especially the hydride effect, which reduces the ductility of the cladding. The dynamic forces occurring during the drop event are pinch force, axial force and bending moment. Among those forces, axial force and bending moment can induce transverse tearing of cladding. Our assessment of 14 × 14 PWR SNF was performed using finite element analysis considering SNF characteristics. We also considered the probabilistic procedures with a Monte Carlo method and a reliability evaluation. The evaluation results revealed that there was no probability of damage under normal conditions, and that under accident conditions the probability was small for transverse failure mode.

식품첨가물로 사용되는 알긴산나트륨은 알긴산염류로서 안정제, 증점제, 유화제 등의 기능을 한다. 알긴산나트륨의 정량법은 전처리가 복잡하고 분석시간이 많이 소요되어 상대적으로 간편하고 보편적인 분석법 연구가 요구되고 있 다. 분석장비로는 HPLC-UVD 및 Unison US-Phenyl 컬럼을 사용하였으며, 전처리 조건으로 진탕기를 이용하여 실온에서 150 rpm으로 180분간 추출하였다. 알긴산나트륨의 표준 용액을 5개 농도 범위에서 검량선을 작성한 결과 직선성(R2)은 평균 0.9999로 측정되었으며 검출한계(LOD) 및 정량한계(LOQ)는 각각 3.96 mg/kg, 12.0 mg/kg이었다. 또한, 천사채를 이용해 얻은 일내 및 일간 평균 회수율과 정밀도는 각각 98.47-103.74%, 1.69-3.08 RSD%이고, 빙과류에 대한 일 내 및 일간 평균 회수율과 정밀도는 각각 99.95-105.76%, 0.59-3.63 RSD%이다. 상대불확도%는 CODEX의 기준에 적합한 1.5-7.9%의 결과를 나타냈다. 본 연구에서 확립한 방법의 적용성 검토를 위해 총 103개 품목에 대한 알긴산나트륨의 함량을 정량한 결과 당면, 유탕면, 당류가공품 유형 순으로 높은 검출율을 보였다.

목적 : 본 연구는 20대가 선호하는 안경집 디자인의 핵심 요소를 도출하고자 실시되었다. 방법 : 서울지역 거주 대학생 집단을 대상으로 3단계에 걸쳐 설문조사를 시행하였다. 다양한 안경집 디자인의 예제들을 수집하고 선호도 조사를 진행한 다음, 도출된 안경집 디자인을 대상으로 SD법을 바탕으로 하는 감성평가 및 요인분석을 실시하여 그 결과를 분석하였다. 결과 : 분석 결과 고유값 1을 기준으로 8개의 감성어휘가 도출되어 2개의 축으로 분류되었다. 선호도 조사에서 상위를 차지한 안경집 디자인들에서는 실용적인, 단순한, 가벼운, 단단한, 깔끔한 등의 감성언어에 대응되는 제 1 요인과 고급스러운, 둥근, 무광의 등의 감성언어에 대응되는 제 2요인이 높게 나타났으며 반대로 하위를 차지한 안경집 디자인에서는 제 1요인과 제 2요인이 낮게 나타났다. 결론 : 20대 소비자 집단은 기능성과 심미성을 주요소로 하여 안경집 디자인을 선택하는 경향이 존재하는 것으 \로 나타났다.

목적: 본 연구는 연령증가에 따른 안경굴절검안에 있어서 조절반응과 조절지체 간의 변화량의 영향 관계를 검정하는데 있다. 방법 : 연령증가에 따른 원점과 근점의 자극에 대응하는 조절 반응점 (ARf, ARn)을 연구하기 위해서, 선조 검영기를 사용하여 정시 74개 (남: 37, 여: 37)의 단안을 대상으로 굴절검사를 진행하였다. MEM 0.4 시력카드의 스넬린 (Snellen chart) E 단일문자를 검영기헤드 (No 18235, WelchAllyn, USA) 전면에 부착한 선조 검영기를 사용하여 조절 반응을 확인하였다. 결과 : 연령증가에 따른 원점 조절반응의 경우Ⅰ>Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ의 유의한 결과를 보였고, 나머지 근점 조절반응과 조절지체는 Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ<Ⅳ의 결과를 보여주었다. 연령증가에 따른 원점 조절반응과 조절지체 간의 통계적 조절효 과는 Ⅰ·Ⅱ〉Ⅰ·Ⅲ〉Ⅰ·Ⅳ의 유의한 결과를 보였다. 결론 : 40대 이후 연령의 증가에 따른 시축상의 원점 조절반응의 절댓값과 조절지체는 각각 감소하고 증가함에 따라 원거리 안경굴절검사를 위한 안와 내 조절반응의 기준점을 달리 적용하여야 한다.

본 논문은 필리핀 로컬 스페셜티 커피에 대한 소비자의 선호도를 밝히고 일반커피 대비 스페셜티 커피에 대해 소비자들이 부여하는 가치를 추정하는 것에 목적이 있다. 특히 소비자 잉여를 극대화하는 스페셜티 커피의 최적 가격을 분석하여 커피 농가를 포함한 생산자, 투자자들의 이해를 높이고자 하였다. 주 요 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 응답자들의 연령 및 성별에 따라 소비하는 커피의 형태가 다르게 나타남. 그러나 공통적으로 주로 아침에, 집에서, 습관적으로 커피를 섭취함. 가장 선호하는 커피의 맛은 단맛과 쓴맛임. 대부분의 소비자들은 양조 커피, 압착 커피를 소비함. 2. 고품질의 원두를 엄선하여 만들어지는 스페셜티 등급의 커피 한 잔에 대한 소비자의 평균 지불의사가격은 일반 커피 (42페소) 대비 271% 높은 156페소(약 3.2달러)로 분석됨. 연령이 어릴수록, 학력과 소득이 높을수록, 스페셜티 커피에 대한 사전적 인지도가 높을수록, 향후 스페셜티 커피에 대한 구매 의사가 강할수록 스페셜티 커피에 보다 높은 지불의사가격을 표현함. 3. 로컬 스페셜티 커피는 원두 구매, 가공 및 로스팅, 등급 평가 비용이 발생하여 적절한 가격 인상이 요구됨. 기존 일반 커피 가격대비 40% 인상까지 소비자 후생이 증가하는 것으로 나타나는 반면, 스페셜티 커피 가격이 일반커피 가격대비 50% 이상 인상되는 경우에는 소비자들의 후생이 감소하는 것으로 나타남. 4. 필리핀 소비자들이 지역에서 생산된 스페셜티 커피에 대한 높은 선호를 갖고 있다는 점을 고려하면 현지 스페셜티 커피에 대한 대대적인 홍보가 로컬 스페셜티 커피에 대한 인지도를 높이고 시장 확대로 이어질 수 있음. 이는 필리핀 커피 로드맵, 필리핀 농무부의 지속 가능한 발전 계획 목표 달성에 기여할 것임.