The latest report on draft genome of Brassica rapa sequence has been published. To elucidate the functions of a large population of these genes and to search efficiently for agriculturally useful genes, the Full-length cDNA Over-eXpressor (FOX) gene hunting system was used. The FOX library was transformed into rice by Agrobacteriummediated transformation. Approximately 1,150 FOX-rice lines were generated. Genomic PCR analysis indicated that the average length of FL-cDNAs was 900∼1,200 bp with functional annotation of many unknown function (35.5%). Most of the randomly selected transgenic rice lines showed overexpression (92%) and barely mRNA expression in the wild type Gopum. Moreover, 94% of the 850 transgenic rice lines were moderately tolerant (slightly yellow) to cold and 9 lines were tolerant (seedling light green). For the salinity evaluation, most of the transgenic lines (85%) were highly susceptible whereas seven lines were tolerant. In addition, morphological evaluation of rice lines showed minimal phenotypic alteration (12%). About 25.1 and 22% were earlier in terms of days to heading and chlorophyll contents, respectively. Further, 18% of FOX rice lines showed lower chlorophyll contents. Filled grains, number of tillers, panicle length, culm and plant height were relatively less variable among the lines. These results provided useful genes for functional analyses in the mechanisms of identified transgenic tolerant lines.

Whole grain wheat bread and bakery products is highly considered as a functional food due to the high amount of vitamins, minerals, and dietary fiber in whole wheat flour. However, as the lower end-use properties of whole wheat products limit consumer selection, it is required to measure the functionality of whole wheat flour. Thus, it is observed the fermentation properties of bread dough from the composite flour of whole grain and white wheat flour. Whole grain cv. Chokyeong developed in the NICS was ground using a hammer mill with 0.5 mm sieve. The composite flour was prepared by substituting wheat flour with whole grain flour at 15, 30, 45% levels. Breads were prepared using the 100 g composite flour according to a basic straight-dough mehtod (AACC 10-10A) with slight modification. A rheofermentometer was used to measure the maximum dough height (Hm) and the maximum gas formation (H’m) during fermentation. Also, total CO2 production was recorded. The Hm decreased from 38.8 to 27.5 (mm) with increasing whole wheat flour from 15 to 45%. Whereas, the H’m was increased from 61.7 to 60.8 (mm) with whole wheat flour increment. Total CO2 production was also decreased with increasing whole wheat flour ranging 1312∼1164 (ml). The fermentation results could be useful to partly predict the effect of substituting whole wheat flour on the end-use quality of pan-breads.

“Joah”, a winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar was developed by the National Institute of Crop Science, RDA, Iksan, Korea, during the period from 1997 to 2011. The heading and maturing dates of this variety were April 26 and June 8 in upland, and April 28 and June 6 in paddy field, respectively. It is an awned, semi-dwarf and soft winter wheat. Culm and spike length of “Joah” were 78 cm and 8.4 cm. It had lower test weight (763g/L) and l,000-grain weight (43.0 g) than “Keumkang”. It showed moderate to pre-harvest sprouting, which lower rate of pre-harvest sprouting (12.3%) than “Keumkang”. “Joah” had lower flour yield (66.3%) and ash content (0.33%) than “Keumkang”. It showed higher lightness (92.29) of flour color than “Keumkang”. It showed lower protein content (11.5%) and gluten content (10.7%) and lower SDS-sedimentation volume(29㎖) and mixing time of mixograph than “Keumkang”. It was showed higher amylose content and high viscosity than “Keumkang”. It showed different compositions in HMW-GS compositions (2.2+12), PPO 18 (876bp) and Puroindolines composition compared to “Keumkang”. “Joah” showed similar firmness (2.20N) and higher volume of sponge cake to “Keumkang”. Average yield of “Joah” in the regional adaptation yield trial was 6.44 ton/ha in upland and 5.26 ton/ha in paddy field. “Joah” would be suitable for the area above -10℃ of daily minimum temperature in January in Korean peninsula.

A cDNA clone encoding CBL-interacting protein kinase 1 (CIPK1) was isolated from Chinese cabbage seedlings. The gene, BrCIPK1 consisted of 1,982 bp long with 216 bp of the 5’-untranslated region (UTR), 1,509 bp of the coding region and 257 bp of the 3’-UTR. It is highly conserved CBL-interacting module with absolutely conserved domain among the 15 amino acid NAF domain of the 15 related genes. Southern blot analysis showed a single copy number. BrCIPK1 gene was localized in the cytoplasm and peripheral region in the plant cell which is highly expressed in seedling of rice and in the shoot and pistil of Arabidopsis. Analyses of gene expression on Ubi-1::BrCIPK1 rice lines was differentially accumulated by cold, salinity and drought, indicating its biological roles in the multiple stress response pathways in plants. Further, the expression of BrCIPK1 is hijacked by rice calcineurin-B-like protein (OsCBL5). Moreover, mRNA expression of P5CS1, a gene responsible for proline biosynthesis is regulated by the BrCIPK1 during abiotic stresses resulting to improved accumulation of proline. The interaction of BrCIPK1 with OsCBL5 along with the regulation of P5CS1 explained the enhanced tolerance of transgenic rice. This gene could be used in the development of rice varieties with enhanced tolerance to abiotic stresses.

MYB-like domain (MLD) gene is a transcription factor that plays a diverse role in plant development and in response to abiotic stresses. In this study, we isolated and developed CaMV35S::OsMLD rice lines and determined its expression pattern under abiotic stresses. The MLD has Myb_CC_LHEQLE superfamily similar to most transcription factor genes but with a very unique binding domain of SHLQKYR in the C-terminal region. Overexpressing rice lines showed enhanced tolerance to salinity with elevated mRNA transcript. Additionally, mRNA transcripts were up-regulated by ABA, H2O2 and dehydration stresses. Further investigation in the enhanced tolerance to salinity showed an increased accumulation of proline and a decreased in malondialdehyde contents indicating that OsMLD gene may be involved in the regulation of proline and osmolytes during abiotic stresses. These results showed that OsMLD gene could be used in the development of rice intended for soil with salinity-related problem.

This study presents a method to monitor cable force using an Imote2/SHM-DAQ sensor node and a PZT sensor. The following approaches are carried out to achieve the objective. Firstly, the principle of piezoelectric material (e.g., PZT) as a strain sensor is reviewed. According to its piezoelectric features, the use of PZT sensor for strain measurement of a stay cable is presented. Secondly, the design of the data acquisition sensor node Imote2/SHM-DAQ is described. The sensor node is used to monitor strain-induced voltage from the PZT sensor. The advantages of the system are cheap, and enable for wireless communication and automated operation. Finally, the feasibility of the sensing system is evaluated on a lab-scale stay cable.

The main nutritional problem of sorghumxsudangrass hybrid (Sorghum bicolorxSorghum sudanese) silage is low quality and palatability. This experiment was conducted to evaluate whether organic com grain and crushed rice addition of sorghumxsudangrass hybrid silage increases forage quality of the silage. The sorghumxsudangrass hybrid silages with added com grain and crushed rice were similar to conventional corn silage in moisture content. However organic sorghumxsudangrass hybrid silage had low pH values. Silage added with gain and byproduct had higher crude ash, acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) contents than control corn silages, while its non-fiber carbohydrate (NFC) and total digestible nutrients (TDN) showed the opposite results. Lactic acid, butyric acid and lactic percentage oftotal organic acid (UT) of sorghumxsudangrass hybrid silages were higher than those of com silage, but acetic acid was higher than control. In vitro dry matter digestibi/ity (IVDMD) of com silage was higher than other sorghum silages. Feed intake of sorghumxsudangrass hybrid silage added with crushed rice was highest among silages. Therefore, these data indicate that crushed rice and com grain added sorghumxsudangrass hybrid silage could be recommended as the most effective treatment for increasing silage quality and palatability.

Rice is a staple food for more than 50% of the world's population. Embryo comprises only 2 to 3% of the weight distribution of the entire pericarp but has higher concentration of vitamins, proteins, and essential fatty acids than the other parts of grains. Moreover, α-tocoperol, γ-oryzanol, phytic acid and γ-aminobutric acid that have nutraceutical value are abundant. Increasing the volume of embryo assures the fortification of nutritional value of rice grain. We developed new black waxy giant embryo rice, Milyang 263 by crossing Josaengheugchal, a black waxy rice variety, and get, a giant embryo mutant generated by tissue culture. The nutrient contents and physical properties of Milyang 263 were compared with several giant embryo mutants and normal embryo rice varieties. Changes in the nutrient properties after germination were also observed. Results indicated that this new black waxy giant embryo rice, Milyang 263, offers a promising source for improving nutritional quality of rice especially anthocyanin, essential minerals, and GABA.