벼멸구 생태형 1, 2, 3의 형태의 차이를 구별하고자 장시형과 단시형 암수를 대상으로 형태적 변화를 관찰하였다. 암컷은 생식 부위인 Abdominal lateral lobes의 좌우 부위를 비교 조사하였다. 수컷은 앞다리, 가운데 다리, 뒷다리 부절의 Unguitractor plate를 조사하였다. 생태형 2의 단시형 암컷은 Abdominal lateral lobes의 기부가 잘라진 것으로 생태형 1과 3보다 많았다. Unguitractor plate의 경우 생태형 2는 장단시형 암 수 모두 부절 안쪽으로 함입되어 있었다.

우리나라에 발생하고 있는 벼멸구 생태형의 형태적 차이를 구명하고자 생태형 1, 2, 3의 단시형 암컷과 숫컷의 다리부분의 형태를 관찰하였다. 앞다리, 가운데 다리 그리고 뒷다리의 제3부절의 형태를 51개 부위에서 조사한 다음 통계학적 분석을 위하여 정준 판별 분석법을 도입하였다. 각 생태형간의 Mahalanobis distance는 숫컷의 경우 생태형 2와 3 사이에서 가장 짧았고, 암컷은 생태형 1과 2 사이에서 가장 길었다. Scatter plot diagram상에서 각 생태 형간 분리현상이 뚜렷하여 중심점이 각각 다르게 나타났고 각 생태형에 속하는 개체는 중심점 부근에 고르게 분포하였다. 각 생태형간의 Group membership 조사에서 암수 모두 각 생태형은 각각 동일한 생텨형을 분류되었다.

Green manure crops play an inportant role in organic farming. Field experiment was conducted at paddy soi1 (fine loamy, mixed, nonacid, mesic family of Aeric Fluvaquentíc Endoquepts) ín 2008/2009 to 2009/2010 at the Natíonallnstítute of Crop Science (NICS), RDA, Suwon, Gyeonggí provínce, Korea. This expe꺼ment was carried out to evaluate the biomass of haíry vetch (Vicia víllosa) and growth of rice (Oryza satíva) by cjífferent seedíng rates. Seeding rates of hairy vetch consisted of 30, 60, and 90 kg ha-' by broadcasting before rice harvesting. The biomass af)d nitrogen production of hairy vetch were not significantly different between 60 kg ha-’ and 90 kg ha-’ of seeding rates. Also, rice yield was not siginicantly differnt between seeding rate 60 kg ha-’ of hairy vetch and conventional pratice for two years. Therefore, we suggested that seeding rate of hairy vetch should be reduced by continuous cropping and incoportion of hairy vetch under rice-based cropping system.

To investigate the forecasting of plant disease and insect for an agricultural complex and farm in environment-friendly cultivation of Rice, environment-friendly agricultural five complexs and five farms were selected in Youngam and Naju area, Jonnam, Korea. Preventation objects of plant disease and insect were leaf blast, neck blast, sheath blight, bacterial leaf blight, and hopper. Factors of sheath blight occurrence in environment-friendly ag꺼cultural complex were a fast transplanting time and a naπ。w planting density. Bacterialleaf blight in rice occurred severely in the area under water. Rice growth in environment-friendly agricultural complex was decreased heavy drying by hopper appearance.

Among the developed bío-degradable polymer fílms as compared wíth transparent fílm(Whíte), black polymer fílm was sígnífícantly more effectíve for controllíng weeds ín red pepper. Also, we found that whíte and black polymer mulchíng had 81.8% and 97.9% of managing weed controllíng effects in rice, respectively. Compared to nonmulched rice paddy with water supply, the non-mulched rice paddy wíthout any water supply has stopped its growth at 41 days after transplantíng, whíle polymer -mulched rice paddy without water supply had about 60% of normally growing rice plants. This shows the polymer treatment has a remarkable effect on water and power saving, solution of herbicidal resistance, avoidance of herbícidal influence to eco-system etc. When the naturally decomposíng polymer was used, a temperature was elevated as high as 4.7 ℃ on maximum and 2.6 ℃ on average. Also the naturally decomposing polymer accelerated rooting by 7 days and lowered a stress level from transplanting. The weed control effect mulched by polymer was remarkable as 98. 7%. The p이ymer now, after 294 days treated on the rice paddy, has been completely decomposed.

The development of humanized culture system of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) hold promise for therapeutic applications. However, conventional culture system contain animal-derived components such as fetal bovine serum and mouse embryonic fibroblasts that bear a risk of transmitting non-human pathogens and incorporation of non-human immunogenic molecules to hESCs. In this study, we developed an efficient xeno-free hESCs culture system using humanized materials, the CELLstartTM, human foreskin feeder and xeno-free medium containing knockOutTM SR XenoFree (XF-medium) without animal-derived material. The hESCs were gradually adapted to the XF-medium; 25:75, 50:50, 75:25 and 100:0. Two karyotypically normal hESC lines, SNUhES4 and H1, were used for the experiments of xeno-free culture condition. The attachment rates at xeno-free culture system were 52.6±12.4%, 67.0±16.6%, 59.0±13.9%, 28.3±2.9% in SNUhES4, 79.3±5.4%, 53.8±20.9%, 69.4 ±6.4%, 59.8±12.6% in H1 and the spontaneous differentiation rates were 42.2±12.7%, 31.4±2.9%, 40.8±14.5%, 55.2±35.5% in SNUhES4, 35.6±8.5%, 36.4±13.5%, 48.4±7.8%, 80.1±6.0% in H1 in the first four passage. Although the attachment rates were low and the spontaneous differentiation rates were high compared to that of conventional system in the early passages using this humanized culture condition, hESCs in this culture condition were found to maintain hESC characterizations; morphology, expression of cell surface markers and stable karyotype. Our results indicate that simplified compositions of humanized culture system can be applicable to the further optimization for a xeno-free culture of hESCs without the loss of pluripotency and contamination from xenogenic sources.