본 연구지점은 전라북도 완주군 운주면 고당리에 위치한 왕사봉(300m)의 신갈나무-굴참나무군락으로 주변에 계류가 흐르고 있으며, 소규모 산지와 저수지가 다수 위치해 있다. 또한 인근에 운주계곡 캠핑장이 위치해 있어 인위적 간섭이 잦은 지역이다. 그러므로 산림생태계에서 중요한 역할을 담당하고 있는 곤충 중 하나인 딱정벌레목에 대하여 군집분석을 실시하였다. 조사 방법으로는 직접찾기, 버킷트랩, 함정트랩 을 이용하였으며, 2015년 6월에서 10월까지 매달 1회 채집을 실시하였다. 그 결과 총 24과 70속 88종 417개체의 딱정벌레목을 확인할 수 있었으며, 이 중 붉은칠납작먼지벌레의 우점도가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 군집분석 결과 비교 대상들 간의 우점 정도를 나타내는 지표인 우점도 지수(DI)는 0.434, 군집의 복잡성을 나타내는 다양도 지수(H’)는 3.105으로 확인되었다. 또한 군집 내 종조성의 균일한 정도를 나타내는 종균등도 지수(EI)가 0.693이며 단위 지역에 존재하는 종의 수를 뜻하는 종풍부도 지수(RI)가 14.42로 확인되었다.

Gonggeom-ji is designated wetland protected area by the Ministry of Environment of Korea in 2011 because of it’s high biodiversity and historic value. It contains a reservoir, paddy and forest site which has diverse niches for insects. Three transect lines of 50m were designated. Data were collected in May, October, November in 2017 represented as seasons for spring, summer and autumn respectively. Quantitative methods were conducted along each transect line by sweeping and pitfall trap. Based on this study total of 1079 individuals of insect fauna were collected, representing 170 species in 60 families and 8 orders. The highest diversity, richness and evenness index were observed in the forest site in May(4.77, 8.6 and 0.91 respectively) and the highest dominance index was observed in the forest site in November(0.64). The highest similarity index was observed in the reservoir site in May and August(0.519).

상주는 귀농 도시이자 농업 중심 도시로써 농업기술원을 유치할 만큼 생태학적 연구가치가 있는 친환경 도시이다. 특히 경천섬은 낙동강 본류에 있는 상주보 인근에 위치하고 있어 낙동강 생태 환경 연구의 중요 지역 중 하나이다. 하지만, 아직 경천섬에 대한 생물다양성 연구가 부족한 상태이다. 섬과 산지의 생태환경이 다르기 때문에 생물의 다양성도 다를 것이라 간주하고, 경천섬 주변의 생태학적 가치를 재조명할 기초자료를 조사하고자 한다. 이에 경천섬과 인근에 위치한 청룡사 길목 산지에 서식하는 곤충 채집을 통해 생물다양성을 조사하여 비교분석하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 채집방법은 직접잡기, 쓸어잡기, 함정트랩, 흡충관을 이용하였으며, 함정트랩에 사용된 유인제는 소주1.8ℓ와 빙초산350㎖를 혼합하여 사용하였다. 2018년 4월~8월 중 3회 채집과정을 수행하여 목표개체수를 확보하였고, 채집된 곤충은 에탄올을 채운 conical tube에 넣어 냉동실에 보관하여 보존성을 높였다. 채집과정에서 잡은 곤충들을 건조시키고 유사종끼리 분류하고 동정하는 과정을 거쳐 다양도지수, 우점도지수, 종풍부도지수, 종균등도지수, 유사도지수를 계산할 것이다. 기존에 알려지지 않았던 경천섬 일대의 생물다양성을 세세하게 분석하는 과정을 통해 경천섬의 생태학적 가치를 드러내고, 경천섬 일대의 자연환경관리와 보존에 필요한 정보나 체계적인 관리체계를 구축할 기초자료를 제공하고자 한다.

As the demand of fossil fuel has been increased, meeting future will be faced with exhausted non-renewable energy generation. In addition, there is a lot of expectation that fossil fuel resources are expected to get depleted in the end of century. Piezoelectric energy harvesting technology has significant advantages over other renewable energy sources such as solar panel, wind and geothermal energy. By using the pressure of vehicles, the piezoelectric energy transforms to electric energy by deformation of paving materials. There are many studies about this theme, only a few researches have been conducted on-site. It means that piezoelectric harvester is not available for roadway. Therefore, it is necessary to make it better a research framework that is available technology of piezoelectric materials and paving materials. The piezoelectric generator is tested before piezoelectric harvester manufacture for roadway. Each piezoelectric generator produces 9.38[mW/cm²] and piezoelectric harvester is manufactured by the number of 85 the piezoelectric generator. This harvester size has 50*20*9cm3 which is considered for wheel path of vehicle. When the chosen vehicle (about 2 ton) pass this harvester, the amount of electric energy is 255[W/m²] under 2[mm] of deformation and 30[km/h] of velocity. In this situation, the gathered energy is multiplied the maximum of voltage and electric current then divide it for the area of harvester. The test result is the temperature difference between the inside and outside after the thermal insulation coating process. When the external surface temperature is increased to 180 degrees, the internal temperature is kept 80 degrees even after about 30 minutes, indicating that the internal materials are protected from heat. In spite of many advantages with piezoelectric harvesting system, it is very hard to fit between roadway and harvester because of pavement damage. Most of paving material has a strong thickness. In this study, instead of asphalt and concrete pavement, the paving material is compound of poly-urethane to protect rutting and damage. To analysis for behavior, test is conducted by 90,000 times of wheel load on the pavement. The red line on the graph is commonly used asphalt pavement and the green one is polyurethane pavement. As it seemed that polyurethane pavement shows that the depth from wheel load is over 5 times better performance compared with asphalt pavement. Construction design is first of all, cutting off asphalt which is established before, then set up the tenth of piezoelectric harvesters, twenty fourth of road markers is installed into the roadway. Before filling up to space with polyurethane materials, wire arrangement and connect to controller. Each harvester is connected with controller that makes a signal for voltage, temperature sensor, water leak sensor. In order to use electric energy by harvester, road markers are selected, which each harvester has three of road markers. A circuit for lighting the light emitting device using the output of the harvester installed in the rest area was designed and manufactured. Basically, a circuit is configured to light up the harvester output, and a commercial power supply can be used in case the output of the harvester is reduced due to the durability thereof, and a controller is manufactured for each harvester to connect the road markers. Key Words: Piezoelectric Harvester

This study is carried out to know the insect diversity at Gonggeomji wetland in Sangju city where the first designated as a rice paddy wetland protection area from Ministry of Environment of Korea. As the results, 330 species of 234 genera belonging to 90 families in 10 orders were collected and a total of 1,327 individuals were surveyed in this study. Among them, highest collection ratio was 54. 3% (162 species) of Coleoptera, next order was 22% (66 species) of Hemiptera. In seasonal variation, 28 species were surveyed in the first quarter, 81 in the second, 78 in the third, and 87 in the fourth. Ancylopus pictus asiaticus in Coleoptera, Nysius (Nysius) plebejus in Hemiptera were the most dominant species. As a diversity analyses, species diversity index (H'), dominance index(DI), species richness index and evenness index (EI) were provided in here.

This paper provides keys to tribes, genera and species and synonymic lists for the 14 butterfly species belonging to eight genera of Nymphalinae (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) from Myanmar: Junonia hierta (Fabricius), Junonia orithya (Linnaeus), Linnaeus),Junonia lemonias (Linnaeus), (Linnaeus), iphitaCramer), Vanessa indica (Herbst), Symbrenthia lilaea (Hewitson), Yoma sabina (Cramer), Polygonia c-aureum (Linnaeus), Hypolimnas misippus (Linnaeus), Hypolimnas bolina (Linnaeus), Kallima limborgi (Moore), Kaniska canace (Linnaeus). Species accounts include taxonomic description, distributional ranges and adult illustration are briefly described.

This study fabricated low thermal conductive polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-based carbon fibers containing cellulose particles while maintaining their mechanical properties. The high thermal conductivity of carbon fibers limits their application as a high temperature insulator in various systems such as an insulator for propulsion parts in aerospace or missile systems. By controlling process parameters such as the heat treatment temperature of the cellulose particles and the amount of cellulose added, the thermal and mechanical properties of the PANbased carbon fibers were investigated. The results show that it is possible to manufacture composite carbon fibers with low thermal conductivity. That is, thermal conductivities were reduced by the cellulose particles in the PAN based carbon fibers while at the same time, the tensile strength loss was minimized, and the tensile modulus increased.

The genus Glischrochilus Reitter, 1873 is characterized by reddish or yellowish markings on their elytra. This genus is belonging to family Nitidulidae Latreille,1802. Five species in this genus: Glischrochilus (Librodor) ipsoides (Reitter, 1879), Glischrochilus (Librodor) japonicus (Motschulsky, 1858), Glischrochilus (Librodor) pantherinus (Reitter, 1879), Glischrochilus (Librodor) parvipustulatus (Kolbe, 1886), Glischrochilus (Librodor) rufiventris (Reitter, 1879) have been recorded in Korea upto now. Additionally, a new recorded species, G. christophi, are recognized from korea. As the results, descriptions and illustrations of adults of totally five species with one newly recorded species in Korea were reviewed herein. A key to Korean species of genus Glischrochilus is also provided.

The phylogenetic relationships of species and genera in the subfamily Nymphalinae from Myanmar were inferred using mtDNA sequence data from 608 bp of cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI). A total of 20 species in 10 genera were sequenced and used to construct phylogenetic trees. The base composition of COI sequences was 38.1% T, 15.6% C, 31.6% A, 14.7% G, revealing strong AT bias (69.7%). The sequence distance of 20 species of Nymphalinae ranged from 1.5% to 15.5%. The transition of nucleotide substitution was more common than transversion. The transition between T and C were higher than transition between A and G, and the transversion between A and T was the highest amongst other types of transversion. The phylogenetic trees were constructed using the neighbor-joining (NJ) and maximum likelihood (ML) methods and showed almost identical topologies. The results indicated that the tribes Junoniini and Nymphalini (sensu Wahlberg et al., 2005) formed monophyletic groups but Kallimini was not monophyletic group. Rhinoplapa polynice formed sister group to Junoniini clade with moderate support in both trees. The relationship of species in Junoniini was ((Junonia + Yoma) + Hypolimnas) and the relationship in Nymphalini was (Symbrenthia + (Vanessa + (Kaniska + Polygonia))). The clustering results were almost identical to current morphological classification.

This study was carried out to know some regional gene difference in carabid beetle, Coptolabrus jankowskii. There are eight subspecies in this species from Korea and it was too difficult to identify by morphological similarity. The mitochondrial ND5 (NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5) gene of Coptolabrus jankowskii from four regions of (Sangju, Daegu, Mt. Jumbong and Jeju island) was compared. The results showed the differences of the base sequence of total 57 sites and the amino acid variation of the 25 sites. The Neighbor-joining tree and Maximum parsimony tree were established based on sequence data of the ND5. In NJ tree, the Jeju area except Songdangri, and Mt. Jeombong region showed close relationship group. In the case of Maximum parsimony tree, the result divided to three separated group, the first connected group was Jeju Songdangri area and the other the Korean peninsula region except Mt. Jeombong. Others were Jeju area except Songdangri, and Mt. Jeombong region.

Pansies butterflies belong to the genus Junonia are widely distributed throughout Myanmar and 6 species of Junonia have been reported in Myanmar. Molecular comparison of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) nucleotide sequences among the species of Junonia was conducted. The nucleotides divergence of COI sequences between species were 2.9 to 7.9% and sequences identity was 92.5-97.7%. The phylogenetic trees were constructed by using Neighbour-joining (NJ) and Maximum likelihood (ML) methods. In both methods, phylogentic trees were showed identical and were revealed that all sequences of Junonia species from Myanmar were in the same cluster with those of the same species from other countries.

The present study was carried out to revise the species of Chlaeniini in Carabidae from South Korea, using both classic taxonomy and molecular analysis. Another aim is to decide the taxonomic position of Chlaenius micans Fabricius of which subgeneric status in the genus has been in question. As a part of the results, Chlaenius spathulifer Bates, 1873 was newly recognized to Korean insect fauna. With this new addition Korean Chlaeniini contains now in total 34 species and two genera. Molecular analyses using CO1 sequences of representative species for six subgenera in Chlaenius were conducted to determine the position of C. micans. The result of the analyses suggested that C. micans did not belong to the subgenus Achlaenius where C. micans had been doubtfully positioned despite distinct morphological differences from the other four species of the variicornis-group (C. sericimicans, C. variicornis, C. kurosawai and C. ocreatus) in the subgenus. This study provids a key to species, photos of adult habitus, photos of male genitalia and redescriptions of 28 Korean species in Chlaeniini.

A xylan-decomposing Gram-positive bacterium, Cellulosimicrobium cellulans DY-8, was isolated from the gut of a wood-feeding longicorn beetle, Moechotypa diphysis. To amplify a partial fragment of the GH 10 β-1,4- xylanase (XylC) gene of strain DY-8, two degenerated oligonucleotide primers were designed based on strictly conserved regions (WDVVNE and ITELLDV) in the GH family 10 xylanolytic enzymes. The full gene (1488-bp) of XylC, which was predicted to encode a protein consisting of 495 amino acids with a molecular mass of 52.0 kDa and a calculated pI of 6.49, was cloned by repeated DNA walking and nested PCR protocols. The results of a protein blast survey showed that XylC was a β -1,4-xylanase comprised of an N-terminal catalytic GH10 domain (from Ser48 to Leu338) and a C-terminal RICIN domain (from Tyr359 to Leu492). This overall structure of XylC was 57% identical to that of Actinoplanes sp. SE50/110 β -1,4-xylanase (Accession number: YP_006265966), which has not yet been biochemically characterized.

A xylanolytic microorganism, strain DY-7, was isolated from the gut of the mole cricket, Gryllotalpa orientalis. The result of phylogenetic analysis based on its 16S rDNA sequence revealed that the isolate was a Gram-positive bacterium belonging to the genus Streptomyces. The cloned gene (1350-bp) encoding a GH family 10 β -1,4-xylanase (XylA) from Streptomyces sp. strain DY-7 was overexpressed in Escherichia coli BL21 and its gene products were characterized. The hydrolysis activities of rXylA and rXylAΔCBD II against xylosidic materials were maximum at pH 5.5 and 65oC. However, deletion of CBD II in the C-terminus region of XylA significantly increased the thermal stability of the enzyme at high temperatures above 50oC. The xylanolytic activity of rXylA was slightly enhanced in the presence of 1 mM Mn2+ and 5 mM sodium azide but it was completely inactivated by 1 mM Hg2+ and 5 mM N-bromosuccinimide. rXylA was capable of efficiently decomposing various xylosidic compounds, PNP-cellobioside, and PNP-xylopyranoside, whereas other hexose-based compounds were insensitive to the enzyme. The specific activities of rXylA toward oat spelts xylan and PNP-cellobioside were 649.8 U/mg and 328.1 U/mg, respectively. Enzymatic degradation of birchwood xylan and xylooligosaccharides (xylotriose to xylohexaose) resulted in the production of xylobiose (>75%) as the main hydrolysis product together with a small amount (4%<) of xylose as the final hydrolysis product.