To evaluate alterations in fecal bacterial compositions in weaning piglets after supplementation with Phellodendron Cortex extract (PCE), piglets were allowed freely to consume feed containing 10 ppm of PCE for 7 weeks. During the feeding period, fecal samples were collected from individual piglets. A total of 578 valid sequence reads were generated from 40 fecal samples of normal piglets before supplementation with PCE. Fifteen classes were identified. Approximately 90% of classifiable sequences belonged to Clostridia and Bacilli classes. The abundance of Clostridium spp. and Lactobacillus spp. was determined based on the results of the sequencing. The supplementation with 10 ppm PCE for 3 weeks increased the numbers of Clostridium spp. and Lactobacillus spp. whereas seven weeks of supplementation with PCE reduced their abundance. In vitro, PCE inhibited the growth of E. coli and Salmonella enteritidis in a dose-dependent manner.

An 8-year-old castrated male Maltese dog (patient) was referred to our institute with refractory canine babesiosis. The patient had previously responded to conventional treatment with atovaquone and azithromycin; however, anemia had recurred at six weeks after treatment withdrawal. No effect was observed on the administration of the same medication along with diminazene aceturate. On blood analysis, mild anemia was identified, with the absolute reticulocyte count indicating a markedly regenerative state. On Diff-Quik-stained peripheral blood film examination, the parasitic protozoan Babesia gibsoni was observed, and based on further laboratory examinations, a relapse of babesiosis was confirmed. Based on a previous study of drug-resistant variants of B. gibsoni and therapeutic trials, the treatment was then changed to a combination therapy of clindamycin, doxycycline, and metronidazole. Subsequently, the patient’s condition improved rapidly — B. gibsoni was not detected in the blood film and the PCR analysis for it was negative. This treatment was discontinued at six weeks after treatment initiation; however, at seven weeks after the treatment withdrawal, another relapse of babesiosis was confirmed and treatment was restarted with the same protocol. This treatment was effective again and lasted for 12 weeks. However, anemia recurred again at five weeks after withdrawal of the previous treatment and was corrected by restarting the same treatment protocol. This third treatment continued for 24 weeks and was finally stopped at the request of the client. The patient has reportedly been doing well with no manifestation of clinical signs and symptoms. This case report demonstrates that the clindamycin- doxycycline-metronidazole combination therapy against atovaquone and azithromycin-resistant B. gibsoni may be effective in improving the clinical manifestation of symptoms of canine babesiosis and this therapy may be an alternative treatment strategy.

This study compares the differences in the gastrointestinal transit time between the conventional capsule endoscope and a minimized capsule endoscope model in normal dogs to verify whether the minimization of capsule endoscope can help relief retention in the gastrointestinal tract, especially in the pyloric passage. Three male beagles were used as the experimental group for which the minimized capsule endoscope model was orally administered and the control group consisted of three beagle dogs for which the conventional capsule endoscope was orally administered. Nine experiments were conducted with three experiments for each dog in each group. The results showed a significant difference in the gastric transit time (GTT) by the minimization of the capsule endoscope between the two groups (control group: 123.3 ± 80 min, experimental group: 63.3 ± 40.9 min, p=0.019). In contrast, the difference in the small bowel transit time (SBTT) by the minimization of the capsule endoscope between the two groups (control group: 86.6 ± 58.9 min, experimental group: 80 ± 33.5 min, p=0.863) was not significant. In this study, the capsule endoscopes reached the large intestine without retention in the small intestine in all subjects. The significant difference in the GTT between the control group using the conventional capsule endoscope and the experimental group using the minimized capsule endoscope model suggests that the smaller size of the capsule endoscope is helpful in resolving retention in the gastrointestinal tract, thus shorting the GTT.

고추 비가림하우스에서 에어포그 시스템을 이용한 무인방제 효과를 평가하기 위해 본 시험을 수행하였다. 에어포그 시스템과 동력분무기를 이용한 관행방제의 약제살포 시간은 동일한 약량으로 살포하였을 때 처리 간에 차이가 없었으나, 에어포그 시스템으로 1/2약량을 살포하였을 때는 관행방제 보다 살포시간이 약 50% 줄었다. 약제부착 능력을 감수지로 조사하였을 때, 고추 생육초기와 중기에는 모든 처리에서 약제 부착이 우수 하였지만, 생육후기에는 관행방제의 약제 부착이 에어포그 시스템보다 균일하지 않았다. 처리별 총채벌레 살충률은 관행살포 90.0%, 에어포그 시스템 90.8%, 에어포그 시스템 1/2약량이 83.5% 로 유사한 방제효과를 나타내었다. 이러한 결과로 에어포그 시스템은 고추 비가림하우스 내에서 노동시간과 약제 살포량을 줄이면서 총채벌레를 효과적으로 방제할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

경북 영양지역 고추 비가림하우스 재배지에서 2016년부터 2018년까지 주요 해충의 발생양상을 조사하였다. 발생조사는 영양읍, 청기면, 일월면을 중심으로 임의 10개 포장을 선정하여 4월부터 10월까지 실시하였다. 총채벌레류는 5월 중순, 6월 중순, 7월 상순∼중순, 9월 중순∼9월 하순에 걸쳐 총 4회의 발생최성기를 보였고 꽃노랑총채벌레가 84.8%로 우점하였다. 총채벌레 피해과율은 조사연도에 따라 0.8~7.3%로 조사되었다. 담배나방 유충에 의한 과실피해 는 7월 상순, 8월 중순, 9월 중순~9월 하순에 많이 발생하였다. 진딧물류는 5월 중순～5월 하순, 7월 중순∼8월 하순에 걸쳐 연 2회의 발생최성기를 보였다. 가루이류는 8월 중순～8월 하순, 9월 하순～10월 상순에 걸쳐 연 2회의 발생최성기를 나타냈으며, 담배가루이가 98.1%, 온실가루이가 1.9%로 담배가루이가 우점종인 것으로 확인되었다.

Nilaparvata lugens, brown planthoppers, is one of important pests on rice. Korean N. lugens is migrated from China and causing severe damages on rice in early September in Korea. For identifying biotypes of these N. lugens based on complete mitochondrial genomes, we completed mitochondrial genome of N. lugens captured in Hadong-gun, Gyoungsang-nam province in Korea. The circular mitogenome of N. lugens is 17,610 bp including 13 protein-coding genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNAs, and a single large non-coding region of 2,424 bp. The base composition was AT-biased (89.5%). 112 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 59 insertions and deletions are identified by comparing with Chinese N. lugens. Based on phylogenetic trees together with those of N. lugens captured in China, no clear phylogenetic relationship along with five biotypes, requiring more researches to achieve biotype identification including detailed analysis of sequence variations on mitochondrial genomes and whole genome analysis of N. lugens in near future.

The Genus Eugahania Mercet belongs to the family Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea), containing 8 species in the world. They are mostly parasitoids on the nymphs of leafhoppers (Hemiptera). Until now, Eugahania have been barely studied in the world. In this study, the genus Eugahanua is reported for the first time from Korea including two new records. A key to the species, and diagnoses and photographs for each species are provided.