본 연구는 테이블 탑 보드게임 개발 방법론인 CDR 모델을 제안하여 보드게임 개발과정에서의 어려움을 일 부 해소하고 나아가 디자이너가 개발 경험을 지속할 수 있는 토대를 마련하는 것이 목적이다. 이를 위해 보 드게임 개발 방법론인 CDR 모델을 설계하고 보드게임 개발 경험이 있는 전문가 패널 15명을 대상으로 인터 뷰를 진행하였다. 연구 결과 CDR 모델이 기존의 개발 방법론보다 체계적인 개발이 가능하도록 설계되어 개 발 시 단계별 작업 내용을 확인하고, 오류를 줄이면서 누락내용 없이 개발이 가능한 것으로 나타났다. 본 연 구에 의한 CDR 모델을 통해 보드게임을 만들고자 하는 디자이너는 보드게임을 디자인하는 데 있어서 가장 중요한 게임요소와 그것을 어떻게 부각할지에 대한 고민을 해결하고 개발을 지속할 수 있는 토대를 마련하 는 데 도움이 될 것으로 기대한다.

본 연구는 환경교육용 보드게임 개발에 관한 연구다. 이를 위해 문헌 고찰과 전문가 인터뷰를 실시하여 핵심 메커니즘과 용어를 도출하였다. 또한, 타당도와 신뢰도 검증을 위하여 델파이 조사를 진행하였다. 연구 결과 9개 항목에 대하여 합의가 이뤄졌으며, 이를 기반으로 ‘수풀로 메이커’ 프로토타입을 제작하고 플레이테스트 를 진행하였다. 그 결과, 환경에 대한 관심, 생태복원의 개념, 탄소 중립에 대한 이해를 보여, 연구의 초기 목 적을 달성한 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구로 인해 개발된‘수풀로 메이커’는 아동과 청소년의 환경교육 교재의 역할 뿐만 아니라, 환경에 대한 깊이 있는 이해를 견인하고, 더 나아가 실천양식 변화의 잠재성을 키우는 역 할에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

Various radioactive metal wastes are generated during operation and decommissioning of nuclear facilities. Radioactive metal wastes with complex geometries or volumetric contamination can be difficult to decontaminate and disposal costs may increase. To solve these problems, the radioactive metal wastes can be treated by melting method. In this study, we designed a melting furnace system of air induction melting type, which is widely utilized due to its advantages of good thermal efficiency, uniform heating and guaranteed safety for radioactive material. By utilizing the melting furnace system, volatile radionuclides existed in the base material can be captured in the form of gas or dust by the filter. The radionuclides whose chemical properties can easily form metal oxides present as slag. For this reason, the specific radioactivity of the base material can be reduced. Radionuclides that are difficult to transport to slag and dust are uniformly distributed in the base material. A dedicated power supply and a transformer were necessary to be included in the melting furnace system since the induction furnace uses high-frequency currents. In addition, a hood is placed on top of the furnace to capture fumes generated during melting, and additional hoods were installed around the furnace to remove airborne dust. In particular, a dust collection unit consisting of a cyclone and a HEPA filter were constructed to effectively collect dust containing radionuclides. During the melting process, the slag is removed and accumulated separately, and the ingot production system was designed to produce the ingot using molten metal. The furnace was constructed for tilting the molten metal by moving the furnace using hydraulic system. The water cooling system and cooling tower were prepared to cool off the equipment with high temperature during melting is cooled off. The above process was specified in the operating procedure developed for this melting furnace system, and the operator shall operate and inspect according to the prescribed procedures. The radioactivity concentration in the sample taken in the step of tilting shall be analyzed whether they meet clearance level for self-disposal determined and publicly announced by the Commission. We can conduct self-disposal for the product of melting furnace system confirmed by the Commission as having the radioactivity concentration by nuclide not exceeding the value determined by the Commission.

주변 국가인 태국, 캄보디아, 베트남, 라오스 등에서 벼멸구(Nilaparvata lugens)와 흰등멸구(Sogatella furcifera)를 채집하던 중, 벼멸구와 형태가 아주 유사한 이삭멸구(N. muiri)와 벼멸구붙이(N. bakeri), 그리고 흰등 멸구와 형태가 아주 유사한 흰등멸구붙이(S. kolophon), 피멸구(S. vibix) 그리고 애멸구(Laodelphax striatellus)가 동시에 채집이 되는 등 형태적 차이점이 거의 없어 전문가도 쉽게 구분하지 못하는 문제가 있음이 확인되었다. 따라서 형태가 유사한 상기 멸구류의 종 동정을 확실히 할 수 있는 PCR용 프라이머의 개발을 위해 벼멸구 및 흰등멸구의 미토콘드리아 내 COI 영역을 특이적으로 검출할 수 있는 프라이머 세트를 제작하고 종 동정 효과를 확인하였다.

기존에는 생산되는 키틴과 키토산의 대부분이 게, 새우등 갑각류 껍질에서 유래하였다. 하지만 어업에 의존하 는 기존 갑각류 비해 친환경적이며 품질 유지에 이점을 가지는 곤충으로부터 유래한 키틴이 최근 주목 받기 시작 하며 연구가 활발해지고 있다. 이에 키토산이 남조류의 응집을 통해 녹조 제거 효과를 가지며 기존에 녹조를 억제하기 위해 널리 사용되던 살조제들이 독성을 띠어 환경에 악영향을 미치는 문제를 해결할 수 있다는 연구를 참고하여 매미 탈피각으로부터 추출한 키토산을 녹조 방제에 활용해 보고자 하였다. 매미 탈피각으로부터 키토 산을 추출하고 대표적인 녹조 원인종인 Microcystis aeruginosa 배양 후 추출한 키토산을 처리하여 녹조의 응집 효과를 관찰하였다. 본 연구에서 새로운 키토산 추출 원으로서 매미 탈피각의 가능성을 제시하였으며 이를 녹조 방제에 활용함으로써 버려지는 자원인 매미 탈피각의 활용 방안을 제시하였다.

The Varroa mite, Varroa destructor, a parasitic mite that afflicts honey bees, has become increasingly resistant to acaricides like fluvalinate due to its widespread use. The target site insensitivity mechanism, mediated by the L925V/M/I mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel, plays a major role in resistance. Additionally, cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (Cyp450s) appear to function as a metabolic resistance factor; however, no Cyp450-mediated resistance mechanism has been reported to date. The aim of this study was to identify and characterize Cyp450s associated with fluvalinate resistance. A synergistic bioassay confirmed the involvement of Cyp450s in conferring tolerance or resistance to fluvalinate. Correlation analysis between mortality data and the expression levels of Cyp450 genes led to the identification of several candidates that may play a crucial role in fluvalinate resistance. Analysis of tissue distribution patterns revealed that these genes were most abundantly expressed in the cuticle and synganglion. This suggests that, despite their relatively low expression level, they may play a critical role in protecting the target site from fluvalinate due to its predominant expression in neuronal tissues. Functional analysis, in conjunction with baculovirus expression, demonstrated that fluvalinate has high inhibition rates against the recombinant candidate Cyp450s, suggestive of their strong interaction with fluvalinate. We discussed the potential utilization of their expression levels as a molecular marker for diagnosing metabolic resistance in field-collected Varroa mites.

Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is known to contribute to the modulation of insulin resistance and systemic inflammation seen in obesity and the metabolic syndrome. The present study was performed to investigate the fertility competence of TLR4 knock out male mice (TLR4 mice) on a high-fat diet (HFD), compared to a normal-chow diet (NCD). The controls included wildtype (WT) mice fed on a HFD or NCD. Six-week-old male mice were fed with either a NCD or HFD for 20 weeks. Body and organ weights, serum levels of glucose, triglycerides and hepatoxicity, sperm quality and spermatogenesis were observed after the sacrifice. Also, randomly selected male mice were mated with virgin female mice after feeding of 19 weeks. The weight of the body and organs increased in WT and TLR4 mice on a HFD compared to those of mice on a NCD. The weights of the reproductive organs did not vary among the treatment groups. The motility and concentration of the epididymal spermatozoa decreased in both WT and TLR4 mice fed a HFD. The pregnancy rate and litter size declined in the HFD-fed WT mice compared to the HFD-fed TLR4 mice. In conclusion, the HFD alters energy and steroid metabolism in mice, which may lead to male reproductive disorders. However, fertility competence was somewhat restored in HFD-fed TLR4 male mice, suggesting that the TLR4 is involved in testis dysfunction due to metabolic imbalance.

Bacterial phytopathogen Pectobacterium causes soft rot disease in several vegetable crops globally, resulting in heavy agricultural losses at both the pre and postharvest stages. The present work was carried out to screen Kimchi cabbage genetic resources conserved at the National Agrobiodiversity Center, Rural Development Administration, Korea, for resistance against the soft rot pathogen Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum KACC 21701 over a period of three years (from 2020 to 2022). Infection of the phytopathogen was carried out at four-leaf stage and for each accession, twenty-five plants per germplasm were infected with KACC 21701. Kimchi cabbage cultivars Wangmatbaechu, Seoulbaechu, and CR Kiyoshi were used as control. Seven-days post-infection, the Disease Index (DI) values were manually recorded from zero to four, zero matched perfectly heathy plants and four completely dead plants. The 682 accessions of Kimchi cabbage exhibited varying degrees of disease resistance to KACC 21701 and thirty accessions, exhibiting a DI≤2, were considered for replication studies. During the replication studies, four landrace germplasms (IT102883, IT120036, IT120044, and IT120048) and one cultivar (IT187919) were confirmed to be moderately susceptible to KACC 21701. Results of the preliminary screening as well as replication studies were documented for the all the 682 germplasms. Addition of such information to the passport data of stored germplasms might serve as potential bio-resource for future breeders and researchers to develop resistant varieties or study the mechanisms involved in resistance of plants to such phytopathogen.

Radioactive mixed waste (RMW) is containing radioactive materials and hazardous materials. Radioactive wastes containing asbestos are include in RMW. These wastes thus must be treated considering both radioactive and hazardous aspects. In this study, a high temperature melt oxidation system consisting of an electric arc furnace and a molten salt oxidation furnace has been developed for the treatment of of radioactive waste containing asbestos. A surrogate waste of the radioactive waste containing asbestos (content of asbestos: 13wt%) was treated in this system. It was melted and fabricated into a glass waste form in the system. Asbestos was not detected in this glass waste form. This means that the asbestos was converted to a glass component in the glass waste form. The waste form was homogeneous glass, and it had a high value of compressive strength (475.13 MPa). It was also confirmed through a leaching test (ANS 16.1) that the waste form had a high chemical durability (Leaching Index > 6). Based on these results, it is considered that the high temperature melt oxidation system will be utilized for the treatment of a significant amount of radioactive waste containing asbestos generated from decommissioning a nuclear power plant.

Present study investigated the waste form integrity of melted products generated from PAM-MSO system, which is proposed and developed to compensate the drawbacks of each system. The disposal suitability of the melting solidification products generated from the plasma arc melting treatment of pulverized cement debris spiked by Pb, Cd and Cs, as indicators of typical hazardous metals and radionuclides existed in the low-level mixed waste in the KHNPPs. The final waste form obtained by the test was evaluated for suitability for disposal. The compressive strength was 261.10 MPa, showing much higher values when compared to other waste form products. The compressive strength of both the sample after irradiation with 107 Gy radiation and that after long-term submersion test (90 days) satisfied the disposal criteria. As a result of the leaching test conducted according to the ANS 16.1 test method, it was confirmed that the leaching index satisfies the disposal criteria.