Sustainable marketing, as recently noticed by academics and practitioners, refers to a form of marketing that makes a net positive contribution to society in terms of environmental, social, and economic developments. Firms’ interest in sustainability as part of business performance beyond mere financial goals has been increased. Various sources, including societal mandates incorporated into regulations, concern about loss of sales, and a potential decline in corporate reputation pressures companies into implementing proper sustainability management. The purpose of this study is to clarify measures of perceived sustainability from the marketing perspective, analyze the effects of perceived sustainability on customer equity, and develop the recent theoretical frameworks and implications that will enable sustainable marketing concepts to be globally competitive. The measures of perceived sustainability items enable researchers to examine relationships among perceptions of sustainability and other key customer equity variables, such as value equity, brand equity, and relationship equity. For this and other reasons, the MPS may have value to practitioners. By understanding perceived sustainability, they can develop economic, social, environmental and communication performances that effectively utilize sustainability. The measures of perceived sustainability offers researchers a tool for measuring perceived sustainability that is consistent with the literature on sustainability, while recognizing the reality that sustainability is a multidimensional construct. The rigor reflected in the multiple methods for generating scale items and the multiple stages in the scale development process results in a scale that should be useful to both researchers and practitioners.

Driven by the consumer demand for companies to be socially responsible, companies are increasingly relating their brands to causes and charities in order to accomplish nonprofit objectives and corporate sustainability. In a social marketing campaign, the consumers’ choice of the cause can influence their reactions through the processes of choice. Allowing the consumers to choose the cause may also reinforce their personal role in the donation process, which may result in a better outcome. Further, advertisers are paying increasing attention to the launch of social marketing campaigns via social media, since social media has recently become an essential part of daily life and therefore an imperative venue through which companies connect with consumers. Focusing on the rapidly evolving social media landscape, this study primarily clarifies (1) how choice influences consumers’ perceived interactivity with a social marketing campaign in the social media context, and (2) consumer involvement, as consumers’ individual differences can enhance or limit the effects of a social marketing campaign with choice. Using field experiments, this study investigates the relationships between the consumers’ choice, perceived interactivity, attitude, and purchase intention, and considers the moderating effects of involvement on those relationships. This study’s contributions are that it illuminates (1) the effects of choice on the perceived interactivity of social marketing campaigns in social media contexts, (2) the role of involvement in social marketing campaigns as a moderator, and (3) attitude and purchase intention as outcomes that can facilitate the construction of a theoretical model for social marketing campaigns with choice in the social media context and offer possible implications for advertising practitioners.

Despite many researches related with in-vitro culture of porcine spematogonial stem cells (SSCs), adherent culture system widely used has shown a limitation in the maintenance of porcine SSC self-renewal. Therefore, in order to overcome this obstacle, suspension culture, which is known to have numerous advantage over adherent culture, was applied to the culture of porcine SSCs. Porcine SSCs retrieved from neonatal testes were suspension-cultured for 5 days or 20 days, and characteristics of suspension-cultured porcine SSCs including proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity, and self-renewal-specific gene expression were investigated and compared with those of adherent-cul-tured porcine SSCs. As the results, the suspension-cultured porcine SSCs showed entirely non-proliferative and significantly higher rate of AP-positive cells and expression of self-renewal-specific genes than the adherent-cultured porcine SSCs. In addition, long-term culture of porcine SSCs in suspension condition induced significant decrease in the yield of AP staining-positive cells on post-day 10 of culture. These results showed that suspension culture was inappropriate to culture porcine SSCs, because the culture of porcine SSCs in suspension condition didn’t stimulate proliferation and maintain AP activity of porcine SSCs, regardless of culture periods.

The purpose of this study is to analysis of muscle fatigue in the upper trapezius and splenius capitis muscles according to therapy table height variation. The subjects were consisted of 15 healthy adults(10 males, 5 females) who had no medical history of neurological and musculoskeletal problems. In experiment, wireless electrode EMG system was measured for each the upper trapezius and splenius capitis muscles during the treatment performed on table. the differences in the muscle fatigue was compared for 4 types of table height(-6cm, -3cm, 0, +3cm from elbow in 90° flexion position). Muscle fatigue according to therapy table height were significant difference except for left upper trapezius. And muscle fatigue of right upper trapezius and splenius capitis showed significant decrease in +3cm table height compared to -6cm table height(p<.05). Muscle fatigue of right upper trapezius and splenius capitis were the highest in -6cm table height, but those were the lowest in +3cm table height. This study propose to change therapy table height higher than +3cm from elbow in 90° flexion position, if you hope to reduce muscle fatigue.

The shortage of human organs for transplantation has induced the research on the possibility of using animal as porcine. However, pig to human transplantation as known as xeno-transplantation has major problem as immunorejection. Recently, the solutions of pig to human xenotransplantation are commonly mentioned as having a genetically modification which include alpha 1, 3 galatosyl transferase knockout (GTKO) and immune-suppressing gene transgenic model. Unfortunately, the expression level of transgenic gene is very low activity. Therefore, development of gene overexpression system is the most urgent issue. Also, the tissue specific overexpression system is very important. Because most blood vessels are endothelial cells, establishment of the endothelial-specific promoter is attractive candidates for the introduction of suppressing immunorejection. In this study, we focus the ICAM2 promoter which has endothelial-specific regulatory region. To detect the regulatory region of ICAM2 promoter, we cloned 3.7 kb size mini-pig ICAM2 promoter. We conduct serial deletion of 5' flanking region of mini-pig ICAM2 promoter then selected promoter size as 1 kb, 1.5 kb, 2 kb, 2.5 kb, and 3 kb. To analyze promoter activity, luciferase assay system was conducted among these vectors and compare endothelial activity with epithelial cells. The reporter gene assay revealed that ICAM2 promoter has critical activity in endothelial cells (CPAE) and 1 kb size of ICAM2 promoter activity was significantly increased. Taken together, our studies suggest that mini-pig ICMA2 promoter is endothelial cell specific overexpression promoter and among above all size of promoters, 1 kb size promoter is optimal candidate to overcome the vascular immunorejection in pig to human xenotransplantation.

파이 프 설 t서는 다양한 두께 및 직경， 길이 룹 가진 파이프뜰로 이 루 어진 ':rL조 늄로 서 정확한 해석 을 위해서논 3차원의 유한 요소 모델이 필요 하다 그러나 유한효소 모덴에 의한 헤석 l상빈은 계산 시 간이 길어 칠 뿐만 아니라 방대한 양의 컴퓨터 용량을 핀요로 한다. 반변에， 파이 프 륜 보 요소로 가 정한 단순 한 해석 모덴은 파이프 설비의 정확한 서동을 예측하기에 문제점이 많 다. 따라서， 본 연구에서는 파이프 설비의 효율적인 해석 모탤을 제안하고자 한다. 제안된 해석 모델 은 보요소로 구성된 모델에 접합부 요소만을 추가함으로써 보요소만으 로 구성된 모델만큼 단순하며， 또 한 파이프 접합부의 국 부적 인 변형을 고려하기 때 문 에 파이프 설비의 거동 을 정확히 예 꽉 할 수 있다. 예제 해석 올 통하여 결과들을 비교함으로써 본 연구에서 제안한 모델의 효융성올 입 증하였다.

본 연구에서는 미숙과 복분자 추출물의 건강기능식품 기능성 원료 개발을 위하여 지표성분을 ellagic acid로 설정하였으며, HPLC 분석법의 유효성을 검증하였다. 또한 국내 재배종 미숙과 복분자인R. occidentalis와 중국 재배종 미숙과 복분자인 R. chingii의 ellagic acid 함량 차이와 시험법 적용을 통해 원료의 상호대체 및 혼용 가능성을 확인 하였다. 추출용매별 ellagic acid 함량을 분석한 결과, 5% 주정 추출물이 국내산과 중국산에서 각각 16.56 mg/g과 17.27mg/g으로 가장 높게 나타났으며 두 종간의 함량 차이가 없음을 확인하였다. 향 후 두 종간의 생리활성 비교 연구를 통해 생리활성물질인 ellagic acid 함량 유사성과 같이 두 종간의 생리활성 유사성 부분의 추가 검증 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다. 또한 본 연구에서의 분석법 검증은 특이성, 직선성, 정확성 및 정밀성을 확인하였으며 그 결과, 표준용액의 피크유지시간과 spectrum이 미숙과 복분자 5% 주정추출물과 일치하여 특이성을 확인 하였다. 검량선의 R2은 0.9999으로 높은 직선성을 보였으며, 검출한계 0.25 μg/mL, 정량한계는 0.77 μg/mL였다. 회수율은 97.54-101.01%의 범위로 나왔고, 일내분석과 일간분석에서 상대표준편차는 국내산이 각각 0.54-1.30%와 2.23-3.15%, 중국산이 각각 0.48-2.21%와 1.57-2.79%로 나왔다. 따라서 본 연구를 통하여 기존의 문헌에서 제시된 ellagic acid 분석법이 미숙과 복분자 5% 주정추출물에서의 지표성분 표준분석법으로 적합한 시험법임을 재검증하였고, 건강기능식품 기능성 원료로서 ellagic acid를 지표성분으로 설정하였을 경우 국내산 미숙과 복분자인R. occidentalis와 중국산 미숙과 복분자인R. chingii의 수급 여건에 따라 상호 대체가 가능한 근거가 될 수 있는 자료중 하나로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.