Nuclear power plants use ion exchange resins to purify liquid radioactive waste generated while operating nuclear power plants. In the case of PHWR, ion exchange resins are used in heavy water and dehydration systems, liquid waste treatment systems, and heavy water washing systems, and the used ion exchange resins are stored in waste resin storage tanks. The C-14 radioactivity concentration in the waste resin currently stored at the Wolseong Nuclear Power Plant is 4.6×106 Bq/g, exceeding the low-level limit, and if all is disposed of, it is 1.48×1015 Bq, exceeding the total limit of 3.04×1014 Bq of C-14 in the first stage disposal facility. Therefore, disposal is not possible at domestic low/medium-level disposal facilities. In addition, since the heavy water reactor waste resin mixture is stored at a ratio of about 20% activated carbon and zeolite mixture and about 80% waste resin, mixture extraction and separation technology and C-14 desorption and adsorption technology are required. Accordingly, research and development has been conducted domestically on methods to treat heavy water waste resin, but the waste resin mixture separation method is complex and inefficient, and there are limitations in applying it to the field due to the scale of the equipment being large compared to the field work space. Therefore, we would like to introduce a resin treatment technology that complements the problems of previous research. Previously, the waste resin mixture was extracted from the upper manhole and inspection hole of the storage tank, but in order to improve limitations such as worker safety, cost, and increased work time, the SRHS, which was planned at the time of nuclear power plant design, is utilized. In addition, by capturing high-purity 14CO2 in a liquid state in a high-pressure container, it ensures safety for long-term storage and is easy to handle when necessary, maximizing management efficiency. In addition, the modularization of the waste resin separation and withdrawal process from the storage tank, C-14 desorption and monitoring process, high-concentration 14CO2 capture and storage process, and 14CO2 adsorption process enables separation of each process, making it applicable to narrow work spaces. When this technology is used to treat waste resin mixtures in PHWR, it is expected to demonstrate its value as customized, high-efficiency equipment that can secure field applicability and safety and reflect the diverse needs of consumers according to changes in the working environment.

Culturally, it is wonderful that they try to integrated their ordinary life on the earth into heavenly spiritual life through their funeral rituals and song so called Yeong-Jang-Sori as same context as in the Pacific. During life, they eat traditional bread ( Bing-Teok) and drink traditional liquor (O-Me-Gi Ssol) and wear persimmon-dyeing Gal-ot healthily and they meet each other in the heaven eternally through happy dying. We are evidently sensitive to the unique cultural heritage of the island. UNESCO’s mission is the promotion of peace amongst peoples and its cultural heritage is also dedicated to working with indigenous peoples’ on their eco-friendlly knowledge of a sustainable planet. As Jeju Island is inscribed in part as both a World Heritage Site and a UNESCO Biosphere, it is important to give due consideration to the natural and cultural heritage of the island, as seen and experienced by the islanders. As such, if there is something useful we can discuss, for example the recognition of the special relationship between Jeju islanders and sacred natural sites on the island.

A well-established characterization method is required in powder bed fusion (PBF) metal additive manufacturing, where metal powder is used. The characterization methods from the traditional powder metallurgy process are still being used. However, it is necessary to develop advanced methods of property evaluation with the advances in additive manufacturing technology. In this article, the characterization methods of powders for metal PBF are reviewed, and the recent research trends are introduced. Standardization status and specifications for metal powder for the PBF process which published by the ISO, ASTM, and MPIF are also covered. The establishment of powder characterization methods are expected to contribute to the metal powder industry and the advancement of additive manufacturing technology through the creation of related databases.

본 연구는 원통형 종이포트 토마토 육묘시 Diniconazole의 처리방법이 도장억제 및 근권발달에 미치는 영향을 검토하기 위하여 수행되었다. 그 결과, 엽면적, LAR, 초장, 충실도, 생체중, RGR 및 R/S 에서 시험구간 유의한 차이를 보였다. 동일한 농도를 처리했을 경우, 근권부와 지상부의 흡수도 차이로 인해 저면관수가 엽면살포에 비해 도장억제에 효과적이었다. 저면관수는 엽면시비의 10분의 1의 농도만으로도, 20~30%정도의 동일한 도장억제 효과를 얻을 수 있었다. 디니코나졸 처리에의한 근권부 반응이 흥미로웠는데, 저면관수시 총근장, 근권부피, 평균 근경 및 근단수가 증가하였다. 특히, 0.3mm 이하의 초미세근이 감소하고 0.3~0.6mm의 세근이 증가하였다. 따라서 원통형 종이포트 육묘시 저면관수를 하는 것이 기존 엽면시비에 비해 사용량이 적으면서도 도장억제 및 근권부 활착률을 높힐 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

We want to have an opportunity to learn in a global context why GAN is so important to Jeju as Korea's largest Island in a multi-cultural society. Politically, Jeju Island succeeds have to survive ordeal from Jeju 4.3 Grand Tragedy. Geologically, as Jeju Island is located at center of East Asia, it has benefits from easy access to main cities to the island such as Beijing, Shanghai, Tokyo, Osaka, Seoul, Busan, Hong Kong, Taipei and so on. Environmentally, as Jeju was designated UNESCO Biosphere, World Natural Heritage and Geo parks, we want to keep it as a longevity island. Culturally, as we recognize it as a specialized in Western countries by human peace, Jeju as a World Peace Island tries to integrate aging human life agenda into part of a human life one. As the result, we suggest “Korea Care into Global Humanity in the Asia Pacific Context” as integrated policy agenda of both Korea and Peace Island villages for the 2021 GAN Biennial Conference from September 26 to 30, 2021 in Jeju Island Korea. As it based on village healing by villagers, Jeju island is small, as there is slrong soldarity between, we believe it can revive Korea communities.

The vehicle routing problem is one of the vibrant research problems for half a century. Many studies have extensively studied the vehicle routing problem in order to deal with practical decision-making issues in logistics. However, developments of new logistics strategies have inevitably required investigations on solution methods for solving the problem because of computational complexity and inherent constraints in the problem. For this reason, this paper suggests a simulated annealing (SA) algorithm for a variant of vehicle routing problem introduced by a previous study. The vehicle routing problem is a multi-depot and multi-trip vehicle routing problem with multiple heterogeneous vehicles restricted by the maximum permitted weight and the number of compartments. The SA algorithm generates an initial solution through a greedy-type algorithm and improves it using an enhanced SA procedure with three local search methods. A series of computational experiments are performed to evaluate the performance of the heuristic and several managerial findings are further discussed through scenario analyses. Experiment results show that the proposed SA algorithm can obtain good solutions within a reasonable computation time and scenario analyses show that a transportation system visiting non-dedicated factories shows better performance in truck management in terms of the numbers of vehicles used and trips for serving customer orders than another system visiting only dedicated factories.

Urchin-structured zinc oxide(ZnO) nanorod(NR) gas sensors were successfully demonstrated on a polyimide(PI) substrate, using single wall carbon nanotubes(SWCNTs) as the electrode. The ZnO NRs were grown with ZnO shells arranged at regular intervals to form a network structure with maximized surface area. The high surface area and numerous junctions of the NR network structure was the key to excellent gas sensing performance. Moreover, the SWCNTs formed a junction barrier with the ZnO which further improved sensor characteristics. The fabricated urchin-structured ZnO NR gas sensors exhibited superior performance upon NO2 exposure with a stable response of 110, fast rise and decay times of 38 and 24 sec, respectively. Comparative analyses revealed that the high performance of the sensors was due to a combination of high surface area, numerous active junction points, and the use of the SWCNTs electrode. Furthermore, the urchin-structured ZnO NR gas sensors showed sustainable mechanical stability. Although degradation of the devices progressed during repeated flexibility tests, the sensors were still operational even after 10000 cycles of a bending test with a radius of curvature of 5 mm.

The formation mechanism and photocatalytic properties of a multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)/TiO2- based nanotube (TNTs) composite are investigated. The CNT/TNT composite is synthesized via a solution chemical route. It is confirmed that this 1-D nanotube composite has a core-shell nanotubular structure, where the TNT surrounds the CNT core. The photocatalytic activity investigated based on the methylene blue degradation test is superior to that of with pure TNT. The CNTs play two important roles in enhancing the photocatalytic activity. One is to act as a template to form the core-shell structure while titanate nanosheets are converted into nanotubes. The other is to act as an electron reservoir that facilitates charge separation and electron transfer from the TNT, thus decreasing the electronhole recombination efficiency.

Dermanyssus gallinae is parasitic to chicken, and they cause many damages such as disturbing sleep reducing for body weight and egg production by blood-sucking. To develop acaricide against D. gallinae, The acaricidal activity of 40 species plant extract were examined. Cnidium officinale extracted by Me-OH showed 82.0% acaricidal activity after treated 48 hrs at 4,000 ppm. The hexane fraction showed 92.4% mortality against D. gallinae at 48 hrs at 2,000 ppm. Purification of the biologically active constituents from the hexane extraction with acaricidal activity was done using silica gel open column chromatography and HPLC. H1122 fraction gave 80.9% mortality to D. gallinae at 400 ppm after treated 48 hrs. H1122 fraction was analyzed by GC-MS and NMR.

Multisided platforms (e.g. eBay, Airbnb, Facebook, Apple’s iOS etc.) are marketplaces to facilitate direct interactions between two or more customer or participant groups and enable the value to customers on one side of a platform typically to increase with the number of participating customers on another side (Hagiu, 2014). Platform is a business model to have the more knowledge of its customers and become more networked (Weill & Woerner, 2015). Collaborative consumption platforms (CCPs) are marketplaces to facilitate sharing activities such as the form of renting, lending, trading, bartering and swapping of goods or services based on Möhlmann’s (2015) definition. The rise of information and communications technology (ICT) such as the internet or mobile apps enables an easy access on CCP, which facilitates peers to trade and decrease transaction costs (Möhlmann, 2015). Although CCPs can create better customer experience than traditional business model, there is asymmetric information among peers, which results in lemons. Boudreau and Hagiu (2008) suggested that platforms owners should reduce lemons problems by establishing technical standards and interfaces, rules and procedures, defining the division of tasks, providing support and documentation and sharing information as non-priced instruments. Some attempts have been made in order to demonstrate online service failure or lemons on the web (Holloway & Beatty, 2003). In the Holloway and Beatty’s study (2003), the typology of online service failures has been provided and demonstrated how online retailers could manage their online service failures effectively. The solution to reduce information problems is signaling of trust about quality such as price, adverting, and warranties (Boulding & Kirmani, 1993). Trust in CCPS is to trust in other peers within the platform to share (Möhlmann, 2015). If a CCP cannot control opportunistic behaviors of peers, the peers participating in the CCP can be harmed as well as the CCP will fail to encourage more peers to participate and thus the social value of the CCP may decrease. It is important to understand decision making process of peers in CCPs and consider the motivations to use CCPs and the contexts at the same time. Enjoyment and economic benefits have a direct impact on behavioral intention to participate in CC in the motivation model by Hamari and his colleagues (2015). We suggest the motivatio ns such as enjoyment or economic benefits can be fit by the specific signals of peers in CCPs. The consumers with different motivations to use CCPs can perceive signals for trust differen tly. The more people pursue hedonic value for CCP, the more they tend to make a decision de pending on heuristics rather than elaborate cognitive process. The more people pursue utilitar ian value for CCP, the more they tend to make a decision depending on elaborate cognitive pr ocessing. We conduct two experiments to examine the fit between motivations and signals of CCPs. The interaction effect between motivations to use CCPs and types of signals is investigated through ANOVA test. People to use CCPs for enjoyment have more usage intention when they are exposed by more reviews rather and CCP with low governance power. On the other hand, People to use CCPs for convenience have more usage intention when they are exposed by high review quality and CCP with strong governance power rather than low governance. Social marketers and public policy makers seek to spread CC for the sake of fostering sustainable consumption behavior and promoting public sharing events (Möhlmann, 2015). Sharing and collaborative consumption can be solutions against global warming, rising fuel and raw material prices, growing pollution, and other anticipatable trends (Belk, 2014). CCPs strive to make people participate to create value of their CCPs based external crosseffect by providing various signals for peers with different motivations. Thus public policy makers should foster CCPs rather than encourage people directly to participate. In addition, public policy makers should give CCPs self-regulation that can decide the types of governance and policies to reduce lemons market problems. Our research contributes to the literature on market failures in CCPs by highlighting the importance of the fit between the motivations to use CCPs and signals. Although people have motivation to participate in CC, they are not willing to participate in CCPs without trust of other peers or goods and services. Thus CCPs need to provide peers with proper signals.