The biosensor technology, which makes it possible to detect biomaterial such as protein, pathogen, and small molecules, is useful in such areas as diagnosis, bioprocessing, and food analysis or safety. For the development of a highly sensitive biosensor, immobilization techniques of organic/bio films on solid substrate, and detection methods of protein-protein reactions appearing in a few nanometers region from the sensor surface should be established. In this review, several immobilization techniques and detection methods are reviewed based on the articles reported recently.

슈퍼요소를 이용한 구조해석은 항공기나 선박 둥 대형구조물의 해석에서 장점올 가지며 하드웨어의 제한된 조건속에서 효과적인 결과를 준다. 본 논문에서는 고정된 타이벡 (tie back) 상태에서 세계 최대의 5α삐톤， 회전 상태에서 3α%톤올 들어 올릴 수 있는 크레인선의 구조 안전성 검토를 위하여 슈퍼요소로 분할된 부분 구조물 해석을 다루었으며， 효과적인 부분구조화 (substructuring) 과정과 독특한 하중추출방법 및 유한요소 모델링 기법을 제시하고 있다. 또한 해 석결과에 근거한 실질적인 구조물의 총괄적 국부보강방법올 보여주고 있다. 대형 크레인선의 구조해석적용 연구를 통하여 부분구조기법의 효율성을 확립하였으며 이러한 해석기법을 통하여 새로운 형태의 유사한 구조물에 대한 해석지침을 제시하고 었다.

키틴생합성저해제인 diflubenzuron을 톱다리개미허리노린재(Riptortus clavatus Thunberg)에 미량국소처리하였을 때 충태 및 영기에 따른 약제의 감수성차이와, 종령약충 처리후 우화율 및 우화성충에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. Diflubenzuron은 살람효과를 보였으며 산란후 12시간내의 알은 산란후 48~60시간의 알보다 감수성이 높았으나, 알의 나이에 관계없이 처리된 알의 배는 정상적으로 발육하였다. 영기별 감수성은 영기가 진행될수록 낮아져 1령약충이 2령에 비하여 1.5배, 3령약충에 비하여 18.2배, 4령약충에 비하여 39.4배, 5령약충에 비하여 42.4배 높은 감수성을 나타내었다. 종령약충에 처리하였을 때 우화율과 우화성충의 체중, 수명 및 산란율은 현저히 감소하였다.

Xiphinemella속의 1종을 마이산 낙엽송 뿌리주위에서 발견하여 형태적 특징을 검토한 결과 신종으로 기록하였다. Xiphinemella maiensis n. sp.는 체장이 2.5~3.2 mm로 다른 종들에 비해 길어 쉽게 구분되며 구침의 길이는 63~68 , 음문의 위치는 49~50%이다. 같은 속의 X.esseri와 비교하면 음문위치 42~47% 보다는 후부에 위치하고, 구침 길이 72~75 보다 짧은 것으로 구별되며 X. ornata돠 비교하면 체장은 1.94~2.32 보다 길고 구침은 82 ~92 보다 짧은 것으로 구별된다. Xiphinemella속의 각종들에 대한 분별학적 Key 를 만들었다. Xiphinema brevicolle, X. diffusum, X. chambersi, X. insigne등 4종은 우리나라 미기록종으로 밝혀졌다.

Purpose: The public sectors including government and public organizations have put an efforts to improve the quality of people’s lives by providing enhanced services. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the factors that affect job attitude, job satisfaction, and job performance in the public sector, that are rarely examined by previous studies. Research Design, data, and methodology: The following research questions have been proposed: i) how do payroll system, personnel management system, cooperative working environment, and self-efficacy affect job attitude?; and ii) how does job attitude affect job satisfaction and performance? This paper used a survey through an online platform and collected data randomly from five classified public institutions. This study applied regression analysis and ANOVA. Results: This study found that cooperative working environment and self-efficacy had significant impacts on job attitude, while payroll system and personnel management system did not affect job attitude. Overall job attitude affected both job satisfaction and performance. Conclusions: The results provide policy implications to the public sector which factors should be considered to improve job attitude, job satisfaction, and job performance. The results also provide managerial implications how such efforts ultimately improve service quality to the citizens.

Tuberculosis (TB) is still a significant public health problem in Korea. In many cases, it is not easy to diagnose TB. A 13-year-old male patient was admitted for left chest pain for 6 months period. Chest radiography done two months ago during the school screening revealed a pleural effusion in the left lung. All cultures were negative, and 3 sputum samples and his pleural fluid sample tested negative for Acid-fast bacilli. There was no evidence of a malignant effusion. A pleural fluid examination revealed features suggestive of an empyema. Thick and yellowish pus was drawn out. Pleural fluid analysis presented White blood cell 5,200/mm3, and neutrophil-dominant with 60% of neutrophil. In an effort to attain a diagnosis, a video-assisted thoracoscopy procedure was performed with pleural drainage and biopsies. Active chronic granulomatous pleuritis was found through pleural biopsies. He was responsive to treatment and received 6 months of anti-TB therapy with complete clinical resolution. If the clinical picture is in confusion, pleural biopsy is occasionally indicated to diagnose TB pleuritis.

This study aimed to produce fermented soy-powder milk (FSPM) with Lactobacillus plantarum P1201 and to evaluate its anti-obesity activity. Isoflavone and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) of unfermented soy-powder milk (UFSPM) and FSPM and were analyzed via high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography (GC). Their inhibitory activities against α-glucosidase, α-amylase, and pancreatic lipase were assayed. Their anti-obesity activities were evaluated on the basis of their inhibitory effects on adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells, and the expression of mRNAs associated with adipogenesis and lipid metabolism were analyzed via real time-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and quantitative PCR (qPCR). FSPM with L. plantarum P1201 increased the isoflavone aglycones (daidzein, glycitein, and genistein) content and produced CLA in soy-powder milk (SPM), both of which possessed bio-activity. Both UFSPM and FSPM showed dose-dependent inhibitory activity for α-glucosidase, α-amylase, and pancreatic lipase. FSPM, but not UFSPM, suppressed adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells and reduced their triglyceride content by 23.1% after treatment with 1,000 μg/mL of FSPM, compared with the control group. The anti-obesity effect of FSPM can be attributed to CLA and isoflavone aglycones, which targeted CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α (C/EBP-α) and down-regulated lipoprotein lipase (LPL), adiponectin, adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (aP2), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC) mRNA. Furthermore, FSPM enhanced the inhibitory activity of glucosidase and pancreatic enzymes and anti-obesity activity. Further studies are required to investigate whether the anti-obesity effect of FSPM persists in an in vivo mouse model of diet-induced obesity.

This study compared the quality and drying characteristics of dried king oyster mushroom (Pleurotus eryngii), shiitake mushroom (Lentinus edodes GNA01) and maitake mushroom (Grifola frondosa) slices obtained by sundrying, hot-air drying (40, 50, 60 ), low-temperature vacuum drying (20, 25, 30 ), heat-pump dehumidifying drying (30, 40, 50 ), and freeze drying. The quality changes investigted included color, browning degree, hardness, general components, -glucan. Color changes in king oyster mushroom during freeze drying were β less than that between control (raw) and treated mushrooms. Compared with other drying methods, low-temperature vacuum drying of shiitake mushroom resulted in less color changes. Browning degree differed significantly between the different drying methods. As temperature increased, low-temperature vacuum drying resulted in decreased browning while heat-pump dehumidifying drying resulted in increased browning. In king oyster mushroom, hardness increased with temperature under hot-air drying, low-temperature vacuum drying and heat-pump dehumidifying drying. In shiitake mushroom, hardness increased with increasing temperature under hot-air drying and heat-pump dehumidifying drying. β-glucan content after drying was found to be between 28.29 and 39.39% in king oyster mushroom, 23.05 and 29.48% in shiitake mushroom and 16.10 and 24.51% in maitake mushroom.

This study investigated the nutritional properties and biological activities of Ganoderma lucidum (GL). The round type of GL contained higher carbohydrate content, while the Nokgak type of GL contained higher crude ash, crude fat, and crude protein content. The most abundant amino acid, fatty acid, mineral, and soluble vitamin observed were valine (round type: 11.90 mg/g and Nokgak type: 17.18 mg/g), linoleic acid (round type: 47.56% and Nokgak type: 75.68%), potassium (round type: 116.50 mg/100 g and Nokgak type: 184.36 mg/100 g), and vitamin B3 (round type: 1.78 mg/100 g and Nokgak type: 1.81 mg/100 g), respectively. In addition, the β-glucan content were 34.15 g/100 g (round type) and 30.07 g/100 g (Nokgak type). The GL 70% ethanol extract at 40℃ showed higher radical scavenging as well as carbohydrate and lipid enzyme inhibition than other conditions. At 1 mg/mL of treatment with the 70% ethanol extract at 40℃ of round type GL, the DPPH, ABTS, hydroxyl radical scavenging, and α-glucosidase, α-amylase, and pancreatic lipase inhibition activities obtained were approximately 92.85, 99.74, 58.09, 89.68, 44.68, and 67.56%, respectively.

A freesia (Freesia hybrida Hort.) ‘Cutie Red’ was developed for the pot flower in the National Institute of Horticultural Herbal Science in 2014. This hybrid was crossed and selected from a seedling of three-way crossing the seedling of ‘Volcano’ and ‘Sailor’ with ‘Figaro’, and ‘Suzy’ in 2006 and 2010, respectively. Morphological characteristics of the selected freesia hybrid were investigated for 3 years from 2011 to 2013, and then it was named ‘Cutie Red’ in 2014. ‘Cutie Red’ has single and red petals (RHS, R45A) with yellow-orange color of center (RHS, YO21B). The average flower width is 5.3 cm and the average yield is 4. The growth of the plant is vigorous and the average height is 70.3 cm, and it is shorter than about 15.4 cm that of control cultivar ‘Red Race’. The average number of floret per stalk and stalk length, 10.7, and the stalk was 9.6 cm length, shorter than ‘Red Lace’, 13 and 11.7 cm length, respectively. The first flowering, in avarage, of ‘Cutie Red’ takes about 141 days, and it’s average vase life and yield is 9.7 days and 5 cormlets per plant, respectively.

A freesia (Freesia hybrida Hort.) ‘Song of Angel’ was developed for the cut flower in the National Institute of Horticultural Herbal Science in 2013. This hybrid was crossed and selected from a seedling of three-way crossing ‘Golden Flame’ and the seedling of ‘Athene’ and ‘Yvonne’ in 2006 and 2007, respectively. Morphological characteristics of the selected freesia hybrid were investigated for 5 years from 2008 to 2012, and then it was named ‘Song of Angel’ in 2013. ‘Song of Angel’ has single flower and yellow petals (RHS, YG13B) with yellow center color (RHS, YG13A). The average flower width is 5.8 cm and the average yield is 4.3. The growth of the plant shows vigorous and the average height is 95.3cm, and it is higher than about 30cm that of control cultivar ‘Yvonne’. The average number of floret per stalk and stalk length, 14.3, and stalk was 11.1 cm length is higher than the ‘Yvonne’, 9.7 and 8.3cm length, respectively. The average days to first flowering of ‘Song of Angel’, 141 days, was approximately 10 days earlier than the control cultivar. It’s average vase life and yield is 10.7 days and 6.2 cormlets per plant, respectively.

Riptortus clavatus, one of the many insects in major crops, damages pods and seeds, which reduces seed vigor and viability in soybeans. This study was conducted to examine the effect of diversely damaged seeds by R. clavatus on seed germination and seedling emergence and to determine the association of damaged seed with quality and yield of soybean sprouts. All seeds damaged by R. clavatus significantly (P<0.05) reduced seed vigor as measured by the rates of seed germination, germination speed, and seedling emergence. Mean seed germination rate of non-damaged seeds in sprout-soybean varieties was 97.8%, whereas the rates of seeds damaged at different levels, 31-50% and 51-80%, were 23.0 and 5.4%, respectively. The rates of seedling rot and abnormal, incomplete germination significantly (P<0.05) increased as the amount of seeds damaged by R. clavatus increased to 5, 10 and 15% against the total seeds for sprout production. Yield of soybean sprouts from seeds damaged at different levels decreased up to 13% as compared to that in normal seeds. In customer preferences on soybean sprout produce, 84% of customers participated in survey preferred to purchase sprouts from seeds with 5% of damaged seeds, but sprouts produced from seeds with 15% of damaged seeds were intended to purchase only by 22% of the customers. Areas of the seed damaged by R. clavatus were readily infected by pathogens as the seed germinated, resulted in deteriorated quality and reduced yield of sprout produce.