붉은불개미는 세계 100대 침입외래 해충 중의 하나로 우리나라에서는 관리 해충으로 1996년도에 지정되었다. 2017년 9월28일 부산항 감만 부두에서 국내 최초로 발견된 후, 2018년에 부산항, 평택항 과 인천항에서 발견이 되었고, 9월18일에 대구의 아파트 공사장에서 내륙에서는 처음으로 발견이 되었다. 대구에서 발견된 붉은불개미도 아파트 건설을 위하여 중국에서 수입한 석재에 혼합되어 수입된 토양과 식물체와 같이 혼입된 것으로 추측이 된다. 그러므로, 현재까지 국내에서 붉은불개미가 번식을 하여 토착화되었다는 증거는 없다. 현재까지 붉은불개미에 대한 종 판명은 전문가에 의한 형태적인 분류가 대부분이다. 그래서, 붉은불개미에 대한 확증을 위해서는 채집된 개체를 검역기관으로 이송하여 분자진단을 실시해야 하므로, 최소 이틀의 시간이 필요하다. 현재 항원항체 반응을 이용한 붉은불개미 진단 키트가 해외에서 개발되어 판매되고 있지만, 낮은 민감도로 최소 3~5개의 충체가 필요한 실정이다. 현재 판매되고 있는 진단키트가 가지는 문제점은 이를 대신할 새로운 키트의 개발이 필요함을 보여주고 있다. 신속한 붉은불개미의 검역현장에서 진단을 가능하게하기 위한 노력 중의 하나로 우리는 붉은불개미의 복부에서 발현되는 유전체에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. 본 발표에서는 그에 대한 현재까지의 연구 진행과 결과를 설명하도록 하겠다. (본 연구는 농림축산 검역본부의 연구비 지원으로 이루어졌음).

The change of phenolic compounds and radical scavenging activity of black soybean flours after germination and roasting treatment were evaluated as a part of the purpose of setting the quality of black soybean flours for each application. The moisture content of roasted black soybean flours decreased significantly according to roasting temperature and time, and the crude ash, protein, and fat contents increased. Water binding capacity of roasted black soybean flours without and with germination increased significantly according to roasting temperature and time, however water solubility index and swelling power decreased. The lightness of roasted black soybean flours was significantly decreased, and the redness and yellowness increased. The phenolic compounds and radical scavenging activity of roasted black soybean flours increase with increasing roasting temperature and time. The total polyphenol contents of roasted black soybean flours without and with germination were 5.43∼7.81 and 4.52∼6.17 mg GAE/g, and total flavonoid contents were 2.90∼3.50 and 2.34∼3.01 mg CE/g, respectively. DPPH radical scavenging activity of roasted black soybean flours without and with germination was 254.98∼415.05 and 171.95∼295.15 mg TE/100 g, and ABTS radical scavenging activity was 459.74∼596.37 and 422.95∼526.85 mg TE/100 g, respectively. As a result, it is necessary to set quality standards for each application considering the quality and antioxidant properties of roasted black soybean flours.

We investigated short-term variations of phytoplankton community structure according to marine environmental condition with data set of phytoplankton composition, nutrients, physical parameters and precipitation. The 13 sampling stations were located in the southeast coastal waters of Korea, the survey monthly carried out from March to November. The study area can be divided into two zone according to the characteristics of marine environment. Zone I is the occupied with Thalassiosira decipiens, Skeletonema costatum, Eucampia zodiacus, Cheatoceros spp. and Asterionellopsis glacialis due to continuous freshwater input and high concentration of nutrients. Zone II was dominated by Pseudo-nitzschia spp. probably due to rainfall and self eutrophication of aquaculture farm.

광주 선교 스테이션은 의료활동을 통해서 복음의 접촉점을 가졌을 뿐만 아니라, 당시 열악한 위생상태와 질병을 통하여 죽어가는 사람들을 치료해 주었다. 특히 광주 선교스테이션의 한센병과 폐결핵환자에 대한 치료는 헌신적이었다. 많은 사람들이 치료를 받고 새로운 삶을 살아가게 되었고, 그리스도의 사랑을 실천함으로 이를 통하여 주님께 돌아오는 이들이 많았다. 환자들을 찾아가기도 했다. 의사가 없는 지역에 순회진료를 했고, 그리고 농어촌 의료봉사, 보건예방교육 등을 통하여 국민건강 증진과 위생에 대한 인식을 변화시켰다. 의료활동은 광주지역을 넘어서 여수와 순천으로 그리고 남부지역으로 확대되었다. 또한 치료와 회복 그리고 재활 프로그램을 통하여 사회의 소중한 일원으로 살아가게 했고, 의료인재를 양성해서 장차 선교한국으로의 토대를 마련했다.

As an aquaculture effluent is recognized as a source of water pollution, many methods are being researched to solve this problem. It has been reported that the aquaculture effluent contains many organic compounds containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and calcium. The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility of using the effluent from bio-floc technology (BFT) inland aquaculture for fertilizing blueberry ‘Duke’ to promote the growth. The experiment was conducted in a commercial blueberry farm in Jinju, Gyeongsangnam-do, where blueberries are actually cultivated in order to find out the effects of fertilizers in situ. The experiment was carried out with five treatments: control with only irrigation, conventional nutrient solution fertigation, and the fertigation with three concentrations (×1, ×0.5, or ×0.25) of effluent from BFT (Bio-Floc Technology) inland aquaculture. The treatment period was from the beginning of April, when a new leaf of blueberry began to develop, to the middle of June, when the blueberry was harvested, for a total of 10 weeks. As a result of the experiment, the treatments with effluent from BFT inland aquaculture showed better growth qualities than those of control and conventional cultivation. However, there was no statistically significant difference among all treatments regarding the total fruit production. Based on these results, it was concluded that the effluent from BFT inland aquaculture can be used for the cultivation of blueberry because it is equivalent to conventional cultivation method. This study provided a new viewpoint of recycling the effluent from BFT for agricultural purpose to reduce water pollution problems due to aquaculture wastewater.

최근 내수면양식장의 BFT 양식 배출수의 도시농업용 활용에 관한 연구가 활발하게 본 연구진에 의해 진행되어지고 있다. 하지만 도시농 업용으로 한정된 연구에서 비료가 다량으로 사용되어 지고 있는 과수에의 활용에 대한 연구 필요성이 대두되어 누구나 가정에서도 재배가 가능한 블루베리에서 BFT 배출수의 효과를 구명하여 보고자 본 연구를 수행하였다. BFT 배출수는 내수면양식연구센터 틸라피아를 양식 하고 있는 양식조의 물을 채취하여 무처리, 농장 관행법, 배출수 원액, 배출수 1/2희석액, 배출수 1/4 희석액 시비 등 5처리로 실험하여 다음 과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 블루베리의 총생산량과 과립당 무게는 처리간 유의성이 없어 배출수가 기존의 비료를 대체하여도 블루베리 열매 의 생육에 영향을 주지 않아 비료로서의 이용가능성이 있었음을 확인하였다. 그리고 과실내 무기성분의 변화에서는 나트륨과 철의 함량이 높게 나와 이를 줄일 수 있는 배출수 비료화의 또 다른 연구 점을 보여주고 있다. 블루베리의 고유 기능성 물질인 안토시아닌의 함량 결과에 서는 처리에 따른 일관성을 보이고 있지 않아 기능성물질의 변화에도 배출수의 처리가 나쁜 영향을 보이지 않음을 알 수 있어 블루베리의 재배에 있어서도 배출수의 비료활용도는 가능성이 있다는 결론을 얻을 수 있었다. 하지만 비료로서의 사용가능성을 더 높이기 위해서는 보다 정제된 배출수의 사용과 효과를 얻기 위해서는 배출수의 가공적 연구가 더욱 필요하다고 판단된다.

본 연구는 국제적으로 해양투기의 기준이 엄격해지고 있는 현재의 실정에 맞추어 양식장에서 배출되는 배출수를 자원의 선순환의 개념으로 이를 토마토 재배에 적용하여 도시농업용 비료로서의 이용가치를 구명하고자 수행하였다. 시험용 작물로는 완숙형 토마토‘슈퍼 선로드’를 사용하였으며, BFT 배출수는 내수면양식연구센터 틸라피아를 양식하고 있는 양식조의 물을 채취하여 무처리, 상업용 하이포넥스500배 희 석액, 배출수 원액을 매일 관주, 배출수 원액을 1주에 1회 관주, 완효성 고체비료 시비 등 5처리로 실험하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 배출 수원액을 매일 처리하는 구가 T/R율과 엽록소함량이 제일 높은 결과를 보였으며, 과실의 당도도 제일 높은 결과를 보였다. 또한 토마토의 기 능성 물질은 리코펜함량의 결과에서도 하이포넥스와 관행의 재배방법보다 3배가 많은 함량의 결과를 보였다. 하지만 토마토 체내의 무기성 분의 함량결과 질소가 다른 처리구에 비해 제일 많은 결과를 보여 비료사용으로서의 보완점을 연구해야하는 문제점도 보였다. 하지만 생육 과 기능성 물질의 함량결과등을 고려하여 본다면 BFT 양식 배출수의 비료효과에 대한 가능성은 매우 높은 것으로 나타났다.

The objective of this study is to find a useful method of utilizing effluent water from the BFT inland water culture. Recently Sludge and effluent water have been noted to cause water pollution. Therefore, this progressive study of recycling method will replace the use of chemical fertilization. Effluent water from inland water culture contains many fertilization ingredients. This study used different using methods of fertilization. As a result, effluent water that isn't matured and diluted had positive effects on the growth of lettuce. Effluent water of undiluted involved many mineral elements and proper pH concentration for plants growth but which are involved many concentrations of Na + ion. High concentrations of Na + ions are harmful for the growth of plants. This experiment did not show plants adversely affected by Na + ions. Potentially Na + ions can cause physiological disturbances of the plant. Effluent water smells because effluent waters using is need to additional pre-treatment for removal its high concentration Na + ions and bad smell.

Recently, increasing interest in environmental pollution problems that can be discharged emerging from inland water cultures, problems in the processing of effluents are recognized as environmental pollution sources are difficult accordingly. As a result, in this study, the effluent water as such a source of environmental pollution carried examine the availability of as organic fertilizer to be used for cultivation of crops. The study tested using 3 types of crops, As a method of using as a fertilizer in a particular solution that was created and practices to liquid fertilizer solution used to the concentration of the effluent. After you grow crops in a certain amount of irrigation once every week for each processing it was analyzed for the differences of content of the functional substance and growth of crops. As a result a certain amount of the effluent water in the stock solution, the content of functional materials and growth of crops were found to be superior to other processes in irrigation which was treated weekly. In conclusion, according to these results the effluent water from BFT inland water culture has been found to give a positive effects on the contents of the functional materials and growth of crops. Studies on a method for utilizing the effluent water as a fertilizer is considered further required.

To overcome the risk of the ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) in patients have polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and to prepare emergency fertility preservation in patients undergoing anticancer treatment, several researchers have reported IVM of oocytes retrieved from ovaries exposed by only hCG priming. However, the maturation rate and the developmental potential of embryos from IVM oocytes are significantly lower than those of oocytes matured in vivo. Here, we investigated the optimal time point for immature oocyte collection at post hCG only injection for in vitro maturation, in vitro fertilization and blastocyst formation. Immature GV oocytes were collected from 25 days old B6D2F1 female mouse at 12 hr, 14 hr, 16 hr or 24 hr post hCG injection. Oocytes were collected from antral or late secondary follicle by puncturing with 26 G needle. Collected oocytes were cultured in G2 medium with 10% FBS, FSH, estradiol, and hCG for 16 hr in vitro and subjected in vitro fertilization and further embryonic development. To examine follicular maturation, we estimated the numbers of primordial, primary, secondary follicle and antral follicle on ovaries of each time point post hCG. To confirm the optimal time point post hCG injection for collecting immature oocytes, we recovered the oocytes from each time point. There is no difference in the number of oocytes per mice. Oocytes collected at 14 hr post hCG injection were shown higher maturation rate to MII stage and blastocyst formation compare to other three groups (p<0.01). However, there is no difference in the maturation rate on the other three groups. Also, apoptotic signal with TUNEL assay or anti-PARP staining was not change in ovaries from all experimental groups. Granulosa cell proliferation test with anti Ki-67 or anti AMH was not show any difference. According to these results, there are no significant differences in four different time points at 12 hr, 14 hr, 16 hr or 24 hr of collection of immature oocytes in hCG primed mouse. However, oocytes from 14 hr post hCG injection showed higher percentages of maturation rate, in vitro fertilization rate, blastocyst formation.

Cryopreservation has become a powerful method of the assisted reproduction technology and supports fertility preservation of cancer and other indication patients. After controlled ovarian hyperstimulation, surplus oocytes and embryos were recommended to store using cryopreservation. Recently, vitrification is replaced with traditional slow freezing protocol, because of improved survival rates and clinical outcomes. Vitrification requires a high concentration of CPAs that may induce significant osmotic and metabolic damage to cells including oocytes even in a short exposure of a few minutes. Generally, MPF plays a crucial role in the cell cycle regulation and maintaining the meiotic arrest of oocytes. In fact, it has been observed to decline in MII ovine oocytes after vitrification and would be suggested that one of the main causes of low fertilization rate and developmental competence derived from cryoinjury during vitrification. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of caffeine treatment on the activity of MPF, MAPK level in vitrified/warmed mouse mature eggs. Caffeine, Phosphataseinhibitor, may maintain active form of MPF. We evaluated their survival after warming procedure, fertilization, cleavage, and developmental rates. Ovulated MII eggs were retrieved from 6 weeks old B6D2F1 female mouse at 14hr post hCG injection. Collected MII eggs were maintained in HTF medium containing 10% KSR with or without caffeine for 1hr. Eggs were vitrified in 7.5%EG +7.5%DMSO equilibrium solution, 15%EG + 15%DMSO + 0.5M sucrose vitrification solution with or without caffeine. Also warming solution contained sucrose (0.5M, 0.25M, 0.125M, and 0M) with or without caffeine. After warming, eggs were cultured in HTF medium with or without caffeine for 2 hr then fertilized with epididymal sperm in vitro and cultured in KSOM for 5 days to analyze embryonic development. Survival rates were similar in all experimental groups. However, fertilization rate was higher in with caffeine group compare to without caffeine significantly (80% vs. 85%, p<0.05). 2-cell and blastocyst formation were increased in caffeine group (p<0.05). MPF activity and MAP kinase activity were recovered in with caffeine group after vitrification/warming process. In conclusion, Caffeine may maintain MPF and MAPK level in vitrified/warmed MII eggs, and enhance fertilization and further embryonic development.

‘Clara’ 품종은 국립원예특작과학원에서 2005년도에 육성한 포인세티아 품종으로 초장이 작고 컴팩트한 수형으로 포엽의 형태는 난형이며 엽맥 사이 주름의 정도는 약하다. 포엽의 길이와 폭, 잎몸의 길이와 폭, 엽병의 길이는 짧으며 단일처리 후 약 9주일이 경과하면 충분히 착색되어 출하가 가능한 품종이다. 2008년 5월과 10월 ‘Clara’ 품종의 캘러스가 형성된 삽수에 100Gy의 감마선을 24시간 동안 처리하여 유기한 돌연변이를 이용하여 2010년과 2013년에 국립원예특작과학원에서 ‘Clara Pink’와 ‘Clara White’품종을 육성하였다. 이 두 품종들은 포엽의 색이 완전히 변한 변이주를 선발하여 계통화 하였으며 2008년 5월에 감마선을 처리한 삽수들 중 포엽의 색이 분홍색인 변이지를 선발하여 2009년에 2차에 거쳐 특성검정을 실시하였다. 2010년에 ‘원예 D5-2’를 육성한 후 3차 특성검정과 품종평가회를 실시하여 최종선발하였으며, 농작물 직무육성 신품종선정위원회를 거쳐 ‘Clara Pink’로 명명하였다. 2005년 10월에 감마선을 처리한 삽수들중에서는 포엽의 색이 연황색인 변이주를 선발하여 계통화 하였으며, 2012년과 2013년에 1,2차 특성검정을 실시하였다. 2013년에 ‘원예 D5-34’를 육성하여 특성검정과 품종평가회를 실시하고 농작물 직무육성신품종선정위원회를 거쳐 ‘Clara White’로 명명하였다. ‘클라라 핑크’와 ‘클라라 화이트’ 두 품종 모두 ‘클라라’ 품종과 같은 소형으로 적심하지 않은 상태에서도 분지가 많이 발생하는 컴팩트한 수형이다. 포엽의 형태는 결각이 없는 난형이며, 엽맥 사이에 약한 주름이 있고 단일처리 후 약 9주일 경과하면 완전히 착색된다. 잎몸의 모양은 난형이며, 엽병의 길이는 짧다. 그러나 ‘클라라 핑크’와 ‘클라라 화이트’ 품종의 포엽과 엽맥의 안토시아닌 발현에 차이를 나타내었다. ‘클라라 핑크’ 의 포엽은 분홍색이며, ‘클라라 화이트’의 포엽은 연황색이다. 또한 ‘클라라 핑크’ 와 ‘클라라 화이트’ 품종은 ‘클라라’ 품종과 비교해서 잎자루 윗면의 안토시아닌 발현 정도가 약하였으며, 잎몸 윗면의 가운데 맥의 색이 ‘클라라’ 품종은 녹색과 빨강색이 함께 발현되었으나, ‘클라라 핑크’ 와 ‘클라라 화이트’ 품종은 녹색만 발현되었다.

Ozone concentrations in water and air, and resulting disinfective properties, were measured following generation by either an ozone generator or a low-temperature dielectric barrier discharge plasma generator. In freshwater, ozone concentrations of 0.81 and 0.48 mg/L O3 were observed after the ozone and plasma generators had been operated for five minutes, respectively. Higher levels of dissolved O3 were attained more easily with the ozone generator. In seawater, both systems were capable of creating concentrations greater than 3.00 mg/L O3 after 5minutes of operation. Higher ozone levels were attained more easily in seawater than in freshwater. Rates of bacterial sterilization in seawater after three minutes were 96% and 88%, using the plasma and ozone generators, respectively. In freshwater, higher concentrations of ozone were released into the atmosphere by the ozone generator than by the plasma generator. In creating equivalent levels of dissolved ozone in freshwater, the plasma generator released 4.5 times more ozone into the atmosphere than did the ozone generator. This shows that ozone generators are more effective than plasma generators for creating ozonated water. For the same concentration of dissolved ozone in seawater, more ozone was released into the atmosphere using the ozone generator than using the plasma generator. Therefore, with regard to air pollution, plasma generators seem to be less expensive than ozone generators.

We studied the ozone concentrations generated by low-temperature dielectric barrier discharge plasma reactor after adding air and phytoplankton to control the ozone concentrations in seawater. We also examined the numbers of bacteria and Vibrio spp. after treatment using the plasma reactor. As the airflow rate was increased, more ozone was removed. Although marked variation in the ozone decrease was observed with and without airflow, the rate of ozone removal did not increase proportionately with the airflow rates. The ozone concentration decreased with increasing organic matter and time. The amount of organic matter seems to be an important factor decreasing the dissolved ozone concentration in liquid. The ozone concentration was 0.07, 0.32, 1.28, and 2.3 mg/L when operating the plasma reactor for 30, 60, 180, and 300 s, respectively; i.e., the ozone concentration increased with the reactor operating time. The initial numbers of bacteria and Vibrio spp. were 800 and 480 CFU/mL, respectively. After operating the plasma reactor at a flow rate of 6 L/min for 30 s, no bacteria or Vibrio spp. were detected. The disinfection effect of this plasma reactor seems to be superior to that of a conventional ozone generator.