치과 콘빔 전산화단층 검사 시 갑상선 부위의 방사선 피폭선량을 최소화하기 위하여 보루스 (Bolus)를 이용한 차폐체를 제작하고, 방사선 차폐 효과와 영상의 적정성을 평가하였다. 치과용 콘빔 전산화단층검사 장비를 사용하여 치과방사선 두부 팬텀을 대상으로 갑상선의 좌, 우측 부위에 유리선량계를 부착시켜 방사선량을 측정하였다. 차폐체의 두께를 각각 10 mm, 20 mm, 30 mm로 다르게 하여 각 차폐체별로 흡수선량을 측정하여 차폐체를 사용하지 않았을 경우와 비교하였다. 8명의 평가자가 진료영상의 적정성을 여부를 평가하였다. 왼쪽 갑상선 부위에 30 mm Bolus 차폐체를 사용한 경우에는 결과값이 평균 342.67 μ㏉로 Bolu s 차폐체를 사용하지 않고 측정한 결과값의 평균 431.22 μ㏉보다 20.7% 감소하였고, 오른쪽 갑상선 부위에 30 mm Bolus 차폐체를 사용한 경우에는 평균 424.56 μ㏉로 21.9%의 선량감소효과를 보였다. 진료 영상의 적정성은 평가자 모두 사용 가능하다 판단하였다. 결론적으로, 치과 콘빔 전산화단층검사 시 갑상선 부위의 방사선 피폭선량을 최소화하기 위해 제작된 Bolus 차폐체는 장해음영 없이 적정한 진단 영상 처리가 가능하고, 방사선차폐 효과가 있어 유용한 차폐체로 적용 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

Aralia cordata (A. cordata), which belongs to Araliaceae, is a perennial herb widely distributed in East Asia. We evaluated the anti-inflammatory effect of stems (AC-S), roots (AC-R) and leaves (AC-L) extracted with 100% methanol of A. cordata and elucidated the potential signaling pathway in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. The AC-L showed a strong anti-inflammatory activity through inhibition of NO production. AC-L dose-dependently inhibited NO production by suppressing iNOS, COX-2 and IL-β expression in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. AC-L inhibited the degradation and phosphorylation of IκB-α, which donated to the inhibition of p65 nuclear accumulation and NF-κB activation. Furthermore, AC-L suppressed the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38. These results suggested that AC-L may utilize anti-inflammatory activity by blocking NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathway and indicated that the AC-L can be used as a natural anti-inflammatory drugs.

Advanced multidetector CT (MDCT) technology provides 2-dimensional (2D) images with 3-dimensional (3D) images. These 3D images (volume rendered, VR images) demonstrates the surface of the body and cutaneous neurofibromas in pa-tients with neurofibromatosis (NF) are well visualized. MDCT is a very useful imaging modality that represents various findings of neurofibromatosis such as cutaneous neurofibromas, central nervous tumors, skeletal anomalies including verte-bral scalloping and dural ectasia, mediastinal masses, lung parenchymal diseases, vascular anomalies, and complicated dis-eases related with NF. Herein, we report three cases with NF presenting cutaneous neurofibromas diagnosed by MDCT; One is NF patient with dural ectasis and meningocele, second case is a patient with NF and horseshoe kidney, third case is a pa-tient with cutaneous and subcutaneous neurofibromas.

Hartmann’s procedure is most often used if immediate anastomosis is not feasible and considered very high risk of anastomotic leakage. The reversal of Hartmann operation has a significant benefit in patient's quality of life, but there are disadvantages because it is procedure of a high degree of complexity. For reversal of Hartmann operation to be truly beneficial, morbidity rate should be reasonable. The aim of this study is therefore to review clinical outcomes of the conversion of Hartmann procedure and define the complication rate of reversal of Hartmann operation in a contemporary practice. Patients undergoing an elective reversal of Hartmann’s procedure at Chosun University Hospital between January 2011 and December 2016 were included in our analysis, and the medical records were retrospectively reviewed. Total 70 patients underwent Hartmann reversal during this period. There were 33 men (47.1%) and the mean age was 67.7±14.5. The most frequent indications for Hartmann’s procedure were complicated diverticulitis in 37 patients (52.9%). Major morbidity rate was 14.3 % (10 patients), anastomotic leakage rate of 4.3% and mortality rate was 2.9% (2 patients). The most common complication was wound infection (25.7%). Univariate analysis demonstrated that there were no statistically significant variables. This study demonstrates that patients who underwent reversal of their Hartmann’s operation did not have increased postoperative morbidity based on advanced age, higher ASA score, presence of multiple comorbidities, type of operation, and longer operation time.

Hepatocytes and hepatic progenitors derived from human ES cells may be a useful source for clinical application. Therefore, identification and purification of these cell types would be following important issues. There are very few candidate surface markers that can be used to identify and purify hepatic progenitor cells. In addition, indocyanine-green can be uptaken by mature hepatocytes, but cannot be applied for fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) due to its long emission wavelength. In the present study, we tested EpCAM as a potential marker for magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS) of hepatic progenitors and also modified indocyanine-green into fluorescent indomonocarbocyanine for FACS-mediated sorting of mature hepatocytes after differentiation of human ES cells. Hepatic progenitor cells were sorted by MACS after incubation with anti-human EpCAM antibodies. After the final differentiation, the differentiated cells and mouse primary hepatocytes (control group) were incubated with indomonocarbocyanine and were sorted by FACS. MACS and immunocytochemistry data showed that approximately 45% of differentiated cells were EpCAM-positive cells. EpCAM-positive cells expressed α-fetoprotein, FOXa2, HnF4a, and CK18. Differentiation efficiency into albumin-positive cells was significantly higher in EpCAM-positive cells, compared to EpCAM-negative cells. Importantly, indomonocarbocyanine successfully stained cells that expressed ALB. Furthermore, FACS analysis data showed that the purity of hepatocytes that expressed albumin was significantly increased after purification of indomonocarbocyanine-positive cells. Our data demonstrated that human ES cell-derived hepatic progenitors can be efficiently isolated by MACS using EpCAM antibody. In addition, we also showed that indomonocarbocyanine can be successfully used to identify and purify mature hepatocytes using FACS.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common, benign, and transient type of supraventricular arrhythmia encountered during the early postoperative period after a pulmonary resection. However, it sometimes might result in hemodynamic deterioration. We report on a case of new-onset atrial fibrillation in a 74-year-old male patient after right lower lobectomy, which was not controlled with intermittent bolus injection of esmolol and diltiazem. Successful pharmacological cardioversion was achieved with intravenous (6 mg/hr for 2 hours) followed by oral (90 mg q day) diltiazem 20 hours after this treatment. The literature on the risk factors and management of atrial fibrillation after pulmonary resection is reviewed.

We report on a rare case of a 26-year-old man with neurofibromatosis type I who presented with cramping abdominal pain caused by stones within a horseshoe kidney. He also showed extensive neurofibromas in his neck, thorax, and abdominopel-vic cavity. He had undergone excision of a subcutaneous neurofibroma from his left flank a few years prior. Treatment by extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) was administered twice. Stones were removed completely and his symptoms were resolved.

Central venous catheterization can induce cardiac arrhythmias, such as, premature atrial or ventricular complexes, which are typically transient events. However, sometimes it initiates supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) with hemodynamic repercussions. We present a case of supraventricular tachycardia with cardiovascular collapse during central venous catheterization in a 32-year-old woman with an ovarian mass who required exploratory laparotomy. At first, the guide wire was withdrawn and carotid sinus massage attempted, but the patient did not return to sinus rhythm. Eventually, reversion to sinus rhythm was achieved after injecting adenosine.

Studies in Modern Grammar 70, 107-127. It is known that VP-ellipsis and VP-anaphora phenomena are typologically dependent. The goals of this paper is to offer a unified algorithm for English VP-ellipsis and Korean VP-anaphora, and show how the suggested resolution algorithm, adopted from Jager (2010), can account for these two in a uniform way.

Citrus is one of the major fruits produced in Korea. There are about 20 species mainly grown in Jeju Island, Korea. Four representative species, which are quite different in the shape of leaf and the taste of fruit, were selected and were used to profile the transcriptomes. These species are ‘Miyagawa Wase’ (C. unshiu Marcov.) satsuma mandarin, ‘Kiyomi’ (C. unshiu Marcov. × C. sinensis) mandarin hybrid, ‘Dangyuja’ (C. grandis) and ‘Natsudaidai’ (C. natsudaidai). Classification of the up-regulated and down-regulated genes using the Cluster of Orthologous Groups of proteins (COG) database reveals that the number of genes included in each group differed significantly among the four species. Several genes that showed significant differences in expression on the microarray were selected and their expression patterns were examined by reverse transcription- ploymerase chain reaction. Metabolic genes such as tyrosine decarboxylase and β-glucosidase ligase were found to be highly expressed in Miyagawa Wase, relative to other species. On the other hand, the expression level of mannose phosphate isomerase was lower in Miyagawa Wase. An efflux pump gene was found to be up-regulated in Kiyomi, whereas cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase was down-regulated. β-carotene 15,15’-dioxygenase, which is involved in the vitamin metabolism, was up-regulated in Natsudaidai. Interspecific differentiations of gene expression are analyzed in terms of the metabolic pathways and their possible roles in citrus species.