This study investigated the Texture Profile Analysis and Sensory characteristics analysis of 6 different Pork Meat-substituted Soybean Curd (PMSC) products with different gluten-fiber (GF) contentst. PMSC types were PMSC-GF 5%, PMSC-GF 10%, PMSC-GF 15%, PMSC-GF 20%, PMSC-GF 25%, and PMSC-GF 30%. The lightness (ΔL value) of cooked PMSC was decreased, whereas the redness (Δa value) and yellowness (Δb value) of cooked PMSC was not changed. Texturometer (TA XT Plus, England) was used for objective test and hardness, springiness, cohesiveness and chewiness of sensory characteristics were measured. PMSC with GF 5% to 15% were characterized high hardness score but PMSC with GF 20% to 30% were not significantly different. PMSC-GF 30% was the highest score in springiness and PMSC-GF 5% was the lowest. PMSC-GF 25% and 30% were high cohesiveness score but was not significantly different (p<0.05). Fourteen sensory descriptors were developed to evaluate the sensory characteristics of PMSC. The sensory characteristics of PMSC were sweetness, saltiness, springiness, hardness, chewiness, meat flavor, odor, loose particle and so on. Six different PMSC showed no significant difference in the attributes of loose particle. But PMSC-GF 5% and PMSC-GF 10% showed significant difference in the attributes of hardness. PMSC-GF 25% and PMSC-GF 30% showed no significant difference in the attributes of hardness. PMSC-GF 30% was the highest springiness score and PMSC-GF 5%, PMSC-GF 10% and PMSC-GF 15% showed no significant difference in the attributes of springiness. Overall consumer acceptance was surveyed. PMSC-GF 5%, PMSC-GF 10% and PMSC-GF 15% showed no significant difference in the attributes of color. PMSC-GF 25% and PMSC-GF 30% was the highest in the attributes of springiness and high moistureness, taste acceptance and overall acceptance. PMSC-GF 5%, PMSC-GF 10% and PMSC-GF 15% showed no significant difference in overall consumer preference but PMSC-GF 25% and PMSCGF 30% showed significant difference. Consequently it is indicated that texture of cooked PMSC-GF 25% and PMSC-GF 30% is very important sensory characteristics.

In order to study the impact of atmosphere during electron beam irradiation (EBI) of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) precursor fibers, the latter were stabilized by EBI in both air and oxygen atmospheres. Gel-fraction determination indicated that EBI-stabilization under an oxygen atmosphere leads to an enhanced cyclization in the PAN fibers. In the Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis, the PAN fibers stabilized by EBI under an oxygen atmosphere exhibited a greater decrease in the peak intensity at 2244 cm-1 (C≡N vibration) and a greater increase in the peak intensity at 1628 cm-1 (C=N absorption) than the corresponding PAN fibers stabilized under an air atmosphere. From the X-ray diffraction analysis it was found that oxygen uptake in PAN fibers leads to an increase in the amorphous region, produced by cyclization.

The process of oxidizing polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-based carbon fibers converts them into an infusible and non-flammable state prior to carbonization. This represents one of the most important stages in determining the mechanical properties of the final carbon fibers, but the most commonly used methods, such as thermal treatment (200°C to 300°C), tend to waste a great deal of process time, money, and energy. There is therefore a need to develop more advanced oxidation methods for PAN precursor fibers. In this review, we assess the viability of electron beam, gamma-ray, ultra-violet, and plasma treatments with a view to advancing these areas of research and their industrial application.

본 논문에서는 주파수 선택적 투과막(FSS)이 결합된 복합재료 구조에서 구성 재료 간의 열팽창계수 차이로 잔류응력이 발생하므로 이로 인한 층간분리나 FSS의 손상 등 구조적인 파손 가능성과 잔류응력으로 인하여 변형된 FSS가 전파투과특성에 미치는 영향에 대하여 연구하였다. FSS는 단위요소의 종류, 설계변수, 배열에 따라 전파특성이 다르게 나타나므로, PSO 알고리즘을 이용하여 다이폴이 목표주파수에서 투과특성을 갖도록 설계하고 그 설계치수를 다른 N-pole 종류 단위요소(Tripole, Cross dipole, Jerusalem cross)에 적용하여, 복합재료 구조에 발생하는 잔류응력과 그로인한 구조적 손상과 전파특성을 영향성을 관찰하고 FSS패턴과 복합재료의 적층 변화에 따라 비교하였다.

Background : Ramie, Boehmeria nivea (L) Gaud, is a bast fiber plant of the nettle family (Urticaceae) and originated in Asia. We have taken an active interest in ramie breeding for edible ramie, and consequently select "Yeonggwang No.1" with high yielding and good quality for edible leaves in 2015. Methods and Results : "Yeonggwang No.1" is a new ramie variety for edible leaves, which was derived from the plants of the population for pure clone isolation from 2013 to 2014, and progressively for specific character and yield trial in 2014 to 2015. The yield trials were carried on the field and the greenhouse with two replications, respectively. The plant height of "Yeonggwang No.1" is about 140 ㎝ with 6 ㎝ higher than that of check variety "Seobang" The leaves are heart-shaped, with large size, and finely serrated margins. The color of the upper side of the leaf is dark green, and silvery white on the under surface. The flowers are light purple in color and are borne in declinate clusters in the axils of the leaves. The average SLW (specific leaf weight) was 8.56 ㎎/㎠, which was weight lighter than that of check "Seobang", but chlorophyll content measured by a Chlorophyll meter, SPAD-502 was 12.3 SPAD higher than that of "Seobang". Fresh leaf yield was the annual total 1,578 ㎏/10 a in the field, and 2,479 ㎏/10 a in the greenhouse, which was 98% level of "Seobang" in the field, and increased by 10% than check "Seobang" in the greenhouse. The fresh leaves yield of "Yeonggwang No.1" tended to increased in changes according to time more than "Seobang". Conclusion : As a new variety, Yeonggwang No.1 can be harvested leaves several times annually, with the yield range of 1,578 – 2,479 ㎏/10 a, having 72.3% moisture, 6.61% crude protein, 987 ㎎ calcium, 5.27 Fe in its leaves. These results seem to indicate that there is considerable scope for increasing the fresh leaf yield of ramie and improving the processing quality by means of selection from the large and comparatively unexplored pool of variation, which should be obtainable from this heterozygous plant.

Prevalence of the coronary artery anomaly is approximately 1% of the population who undergo coronary angiography. The anomalous origin of the right coronary artery (RCA) as a branch of the left anterior descending artery (LAD) is a very rare variation of single coronary artery. The anatomic variation has no clinical significance. However, some patterns of congenital coronary artery anomalies can cause clinical manifestations of myocardial ischemia, reducing myocardial perfusion. We report on a case of a 78-year-old man who had anomalous RCA arising from the proximal part of the LAD, which probably caused chest pain.

We developed an efficient protocol for transformation of balloon flower (Platycodon grandiflorum) root cultures by using cotyledon leaf explants that were infected by Agrobacterium rhizogenes. We found that four different strains of A. rhizogenes differed in their ability to transform P. grandiflorum hairy root cultures. We also found correct antibiotics concentration for selection after transformation by Agrobacterium. Our results demonstrate that use of suitable strain of A. rhizogenes and correct level of antibiotics for the hairy root culture, and may allow to study and apply of valuable metabolites like phenolic compounds from P. grandiflorum hairy root culture.

Methyl jasmonate(MeJA) treatment promotes the plant secondary, especially triterpene saponin which is main compounds in Platycodon grandiflorum. We were performed 5,760 expressed sequence tags from MeJA treated hairy root. Total number of ESTs are 2,536 (811 contigs and 1,725 singletons) among them 2,299 are pass the annotation. The most abundant transcript were encoding fatty acid desaturase (FAD) and lots of secondary metabolite transcript were observed. Four MVA pathway genes (HMGS, HMGR, MK, MDD) and one MEP pathway gene (IDI) are identified. The unigene were classified into three major functional categories by standard GO (Gene Ontology) - cellular component, molecular function and biological process. In this study we were cloned four genes from ESTs : HMGS (1401bp ORF), MK (1167bp ORF), MDD (1254bp ORF), IDI (909bp ORF)