Background : The reduction in the area of cultivation and production is a difficult factor to solve in order to expand Boxthorn's culture for the main reasons for the aging agricultural labor and rising unit prices. Increasing the area of cultivation and production requires less labor and ease of work. This experiment was designed to provide improved plant type to increase the area of cultivation and to secure efficient machinery harvest. Methods and Results : The variety of experiment is 'whasu' and was cultivated in 2015 and planted in fields on April 4, 2016. The plant types were 150 × 50 ㎝ T-shaped fence plant type. The number of times to be cut was two, and the branches were extended to produce fruits. The typical T-shaped fence plant type for comparison is made of two stems, 10 ㎝ in length, and a single cut, then a long stretch of branches for harvesting. As a result of the experiment, it was difficult to verify the applicability and quantity of the handy type harvesting machine in order to make the re-ordination, and from the following year it was possible to verify. Major items such as stem number, stem length, quantity, time of harvest, and efficiency of harvest were investigated when applying the handy type harvesting machine. Two stems had 20% more branches than a single stem, while the yield increased by 7%. Two stems, five ㎝ long, and two cuts were numerous and long, and the quantity was 33% higher than the customary T-shaped fence plant type. When working with the machinery harvest work, the ratio of work performed was 62% for harvesting, 19% for collection, and 19% for separation of foreign materials. The proportion of the collector work and the segmentation of design materials was 38%, which was an urgent problem to be remedied. Two stems, five ㎝, and two cuts increased the quantity by 33% compared to the customary method of T-shaped fence plant type, and the machinery harvest work efficiency was 56% higher, making it suitable for handy type harvesting machine. Conclusion : T-shaped fenceplant type of two stems, five centimeters, and two cuts was a good shape for Handy type harvesting machine.

Background : Rehmannia glutinosa L. that is a perennial plant belonging to the family Scrophulariaceae is one of the most popular local income crops. Recently, the cultivation area of Chungnam (2017) accounts for 50.5% (106 ha) of the whole country. In July and August, which is the off-season at the highest price of R, glutinosa L. This experiment was carried out to develop early harvest cultivation technology for the improve farm income. Methods and Results : In order to investigate the growth characteristic and yield of R, glutinosa L. by using the rhizome of 'Tokang' were transplanted four times at intervals of 10 days from mid-March to mid-April 2017 and 2018. Growth characteristics of the above and under ground part were investigated by 3 repetitions for 10 ea harvested in mid-July. Regression analysis was performed on the relationship between the planting time and fresh root weight. The highest emergence rate was 88.7% in the mid-March, and the highest above ground part growth was observed in the plant height, leaf number, leaf length, leaf width, and fresh leaves weight. The number of days to flowering tended to be shortened to 60, 53, 52, and 49 days from the mid-March to the mid-April. The growth of underground part was also highest in mid-March and the total root weight per 10 a was also 1,127.4 ㎏ in mid-March. The faster the planting time, the higher the yield. The results of the linear regression on the roots weight according to the planting time showed that there was a negative correlation relation between the planting time, the marketable roots weight, rhizome weight and total roots weight. Conclusion : The total roots weight improved by 80% in the mid-March than mid-April. Therefore, mid-March is considered optimal planting time for off-season production of R. glutinosa L.

Background : Recently, the quality of ginseng is degrading while the yield decreases by 15 - 20% due to the high-temperature injury, the physiological disorder and the diseases caused by the climate warming so that development of disaster tolerant varieties strong against high temperatures, salts and diseases are demanded. For such reason, three lineages showing excellent overground and underground growing were selected from the gene resources collected from 1997 to 2000. And the productivity test has been conducted with these lineages having Cheonpung and Yeonpung, the existing varieties as the reference varieties. For the lineages excellent in growing, the variety registration will be performed after the regional adaptation test. Methods and Results : The results of preliminary yield trial on the 3 lines (GS98-3-4, GS00-58 and GS97-69) show that the above-ground and underground growth of the 4-years-old ginseng group selected as superior lines were superior to that of Chunpoong and Yunpoong. eference varieties. Especially, GS98-3-4 shows excellent root weight and root diameter, while GS97-69 shows excellent leaf length and leaf widths. Replicated yield trial on the 3 lines (GS97-62, GS98-1-5, GS00-44) show that the above-ground and underground growth of three lines were superior to that of Chunpoong and Yunpoong. In particular, the underground root weight of GS00-44 was the heaviest. Conclusion : According to the productivity tests on the 3 lines selected for excellent growing, the selected lineages are excellent in both above-ground and underground growing compared to the reference varieties of Cheonpung and Yeonpung. On the 4-years-old ginseng, GS00-44 & GS98-3-4 show excellent underground growing while GS98-1-5 & GS97-62 show excellent overground growing.

Background : The insufficient soil moisture due to spring drought causes the germination rate of ginseng seeds to be remarkably lowered and the low seeding depth causes the roots not to be settled but remain in the surface soil containing moisture, resulting in the ill-shaped ginseng. Especially, in the case of paddy soil, the soil environment is often over-humidified or over-dried, resulting in high rate of occurrence of physiological disorders such as rough skin, yellow-colored root and red-colored root, etc. compared to the upland soil, requiring more care in managing the soil. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim to investigate the effects of stamping treatment on the direct seeding cultivation in the paddy soil and to investigate the survival and growth characteristics according to the seeding method. Methods and Results : We investigated the effects of stamping on the emergency rate and growth by using rollers (15, 20, 25, 30 ㎏), and also investigated the growth characteristics according to the direct sowing methods (broadcast planting, motorized seeder, semi-automatic seeder, manual seeder, hoop-type seeder). In the emergency rate of 1-year-old ginseng group directly sowing and treated with trampling, the group treated with 25 ㎏ & 30 ㎏ showed the highest emergency rate & growth, and above-ground & underground parts growth of 1-year-old ginseng by sowing method, there was no significant difference between sowing methods, the emergency rate of motorized seeder and semi-automatic seeder was high. Conclusion : In the paddy soils, the 25 – 30 ㎏ stamping after direct seeding showed superior above-ground growth and emergency rate, and there was no significant difference in growth, but motorized seeder and semi-automatic seeder had a higher rate of emergency in 1-year-old ginseng.

Background : For cultivation of varieties of ginseng, the pure line selection method, which is to select the best among those cultivated in farms for pedigree breeding, replicated yield trials and regional adaptation trials before registering as a new variety, is widely used. Although there are 25 registered varieties of ginseng in Korea, the quality of ginseng is declining together with the amount of harvest being decreased by 15 - 20% due to the heat injuries and diseases from the warming & abnormal climate. Thus, the needs for development of disaster-resistant varieties with better chances of surviving through high temperature, salts and disease are increasing. Therefore, this study is to cultivate disaster-resistant varieties among those selected for their disaster tolerance and salt tolerance through regional adaptation trials. Methods and Results : As a result of examining the growth characteristics of the selected 2-6-years-old varieties used in the study, among the 6-years-old crops, Eumseong 9 and Eumseong 10 showed superior growth in aboveground parts, Eumseong 10 showed superior growth in underground parts, among the 5-years-old crops, Eumseong 15 showed superior growth in both above and below aerial parts, and among the 4-years-old crops, Eumseong 9 and Eumseong 16 showed superior growth while the growth in the underground parts were satisfactory in the order of Eumseong 16 > Eumseong 10 > Eumseong 12 > Eumseong 9. Among the 3-years-old crops, the most superior growth in both above and below aerial parts was observed in Goryeo 2 with the weight of the underground part, in the 2-years-old crops, Eumseong 26 showed the most superior growth in both above-ground and underground parts. Conclusion : Based on the above results, Eumseong 10 among the 6-year-old crops, Eumseong 15 among the 5-years-old crops, Eumseong 9 & Eumseong 16 among the 4-years-old crops, Goryeo 2 among the 3-years-old crops and Eumseon 26 among the 2-years-old crops showed the most superior growth among the selected varieties. The growth characteristics of both above and below aerial parts in each year will continuously be monitored.

Background : Liriope platyphylla Wang et Tang is potent medicinal plant that is being used cough and asthmatic. Consumers interested in size and color choices when buying products. So, the class attributes and consumer choice differentiation by strengthening the competetiveness of farmhouse want to do. Methods and Results : About 50 purchases for the studys gustionnaire responds by sending a consumer survey analysis was required about 30 people. For the classification by products test planting in the harvested produce, and below classification by size and color. Class size are high grade (tuberous root length 26.1 ㎜ more, tuberous root diameter 6.1 ㎜ more), middle grade (tuberous root length from 23.1 to 26.0 ㎜, tuberous root diameter from 5.6 to 6.0 ㎜), low grade (tuberous root length 23.0 ㎜ less, tuberous root diameter 5.5 ㎜ less) by size. The rate of goods continued raised from beginning April to beginning May by harvest time. High grade color is brightness (L, 54.9), red (a, 3.3) and yellow (b, 17.0) so that hold out bright color. Conclusion : High grade have more tuberous root length and diameter size and hold out bright color

본 연구는 완주에서 재배된 세계 주요 11개 적포도 품종으로 제조된 적포도주의 향기 성분을 headspace-solid phase microextraction 분석법으로 확인하였다. 향기성분은 총 75종이 확인되었다. 아로마화합물은 그들의 OAV 값에 의해 5 그룹으로 나뉘었다. 알콜, 알데하이드, 에스테르, C6 화합물이 11개 적포도주의 주요한 향기성분이었다. Isoamy alcohol 알콜과 phenylethyl 알콜은 11개 포도주에서 공통적으로 꽃향기, 달콤한 향을 나타내는데 중요한 물질이었다. Octanoic acid, ethyl ester, hexanoic acid ethylester은 모든 레드와인에서 과실향과 꽃향, 달콤한 향을 내는 중요한 성분이었다. 1-Hexanol은 모든 포도주에서 분석되었으나 풀향을 나타내는 향으로 나타났다. Chanceller, Malbec, marchel, Nsrsha, Pinot Meunier, Sangiovetto 포도주의 주요 향기성분은 과실 향인 것으로 나타났으며 Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Sauvignon Vert 포도주의 주요 향기성분은 풀향인 것으로 조사되었다. 또한, MBA와 Narsha 포도주의 경우 꽃향이 주요 향인 것으로 조사되었다. 본 연구 결과를 바탕으로 적포도주용 품종을 육성할 때 선발기준으로 향기성분 분석을 활용할 수 있을 것으로 판단되었다.

의료수준의 향상과 더불어 환자들의 첨단의료장비에 대한 기대수준이 증가하고 있으며 특히 자기공명영상(Magnetic Resonance Image : MRI)은 현재 모든 임상 분야에서 가장 핵심적인 영상진단 도구로서 사용되고 있다. 그러나 검사 중에 발생하는 심각한 소음으로 많은 환자가 심리적인 불안을 경험한다고 한다. 이에 본 연구에서는 자기공명영상검사실의 기존 헤드셋 흡음재에서 차음재를 추가한 헤드셋의 소음저감평가와 차음재별 영상 아티팩트(artifact) 유무를 알아보고자 하였다. 3D 프린팅한 헤드셋 내부에 흡음재(스펀지)와 차음재(아크릴판, 구리판, 3D copper plate)를 교차 배열하여 MRI 검사소음을 녹음하여 스피커로 같은 dB 값의 소음을 발생시키며 3D 프린팅 된 두부모형의 내부에 소음측정기로 dB 값을 측정하여 정량분석을 하며 자체 제작한 헤드셋을 물팬텀에 밀착시킨 후 MRI영상 아티팩트 유무를 검사한다. 드셋의 정량평가를 한 결과, 헤드셋 평균 dB 값은 81.8 dB 로 나타났으며, 차음재를 추가한 헤드셋에서 가장 방음효과가 뛰어난 재료조합(구리, 아크릴판, 스펀지, 스펀지) 헤드셋의 평균 dB 값은 70.4 dB 값이 측정되었지만 MRI 시뮬레이션 결과 구리가 반자성체이기 때문에 아티팩트가 나타나 배제하였고 두 번째로 방음효과가 뛰어난 (스펀지, 아크릴판, e-copper plate, 스펀지) 헤드셋의 평균 dB 값은 70.6 dB 값이 측정되었고 MRI 시뮬레이션 결과 인공물 나타나지 않았다. 구리분말이 약 40%가 포함된 e-copper PLA로 출력한 재료를 동일하게 시뮬레이션을 한 결과 인공물 나타나지 않았으므로 3D 프린팅 재료의 사용이 적합하였고 구리보다 경제성이 우수하며 가공이 용이하므로 적합한 재료로 선정하였다. MRI관련 연구에 있어 3D 프린팅을 이용한 상호발전이 매우 기대된다.

Background : The dried ripe fruits, leaf and root of boxthorn are widely used for medicinal purposes and as a functional food. Among them, frut is the most susceptible to anthracnose in the open field. Currently, there are only 5 fungicides registered in boxthorn anthracnose. In addition, resistance to fungicides caused by frequent use occurred in many open field, Therefore, a study on the fungicide resistance of boxthorn anthracnose was needed. Methods and Results : In 2017, collected anthracnose from boxthorn fruit. The collected samples were isolated by a single spore isolation method and 20 isolates of Collectotrichum spp. were obtained To test for anthracnose fungicide resistance, propineb, tebuconazole, azoxystrobin and pyraclostrobin fungicide were used. Monitoring for fungicide resistance of Collectotrichum spp. causing boxthorn anthracnos to test fungicide were conducted by agar dilution method. The assay concentration were control, 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, 100 ㎍/㎖ and strobilurin group of azoxystrobin and pyraclostrobin were treated salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM) to the alternative breath suppression at a concentration of 100 ㎍/㎖. In the result, Prevention of fungicide propineb was more than 100 ㎍/㎖ of EC50, and tebuconazole was less than 1 ㎍/㎖ except for 1 isolate of EC50 azoxystrobin and pyraclostrobin showed a difference even though they had the same mode of action. Azoxystrobin showed almost no inhibition of mycelial growth except 6 isolates and remaining 6 isolates had EC50 of less than 1 ㎍/㎖, pyraclostrobin was divided into two groups of EC50, 6 isolates were less than 0.1 ㎍ /㎖ and 14 isolates were more than 1 ㎍/㎖. Conclusion : In summary, response to fungicides of anthracnose, azoxystrobin of strobilurin group showed the highest resistance to fungicide. As these fungicide resistance continues to develop, we plan to register a new anthracnose fungicide and improve the control method.

Background : Ginseng is perennial, frequently damaged by various diseases and insect pests, due to this, quantity and quality decreases. Particularly, Alternaria blight greatly damages the stem in its germination and the leaves after leafing. Here, this research conducted a test by investigating the control effect of lime-sulfur mixture in the market on 5 ginseng Alternaria blight, in order to utilize it as the disease control measure for disease and pest for eco-friendly cultivation of ginseng. Methods and Results : This research investigated the control effect of 5 types of lime-sulfur mixture in market on ginseng spotting disease by distributing the solvents to 5-years ginseng by 100 times and 200 times on April 29, May 15, and May 27. Also, this research investigated spore germination inhibition effect on Alternaria panax, Colletotrichum sp. and Botrytis cineria spore germination inhibition effect was investigated with spore germination inhibition ratio by manufacturing 100 times’ culture and 200 times’ culture per lime-sulfur mixture medium. There were two materials among 5 lime-sulfur mixture products to control over Alternaria blight using eco-friendly ginseng material, which didn’t damage during the leafing period of ginseng, and this research selected Sulfur 153, effective for Alternaria blight. Sulfur 153 was effective for Alternaria blight control due to its 82.2% control effect when treating by 200 times. Sulfur 153 was effective for spore germination inhibition of Alternaria panax, Colletotrichum sp. and Botrytis cineria and the rates of spore germination inhibition were 71.5, 100, 19.5% respectively. Conclusion : There were 2 materials among 5 lime-sulfur mixture products to control over Alternaria blight using eco-friendly ginseng material, which did not damage leafing period, and sulfur 153 was selected as the material effective for Alternaria blight. Sulfur 153 appeared to suppress germination of spore of Alternaria panax and Colletotrichum sp.

Background : The fruit of Lycii fructus (Gugija) has beeen used as a tonic medicine and a long-term healthy food without side effect in Asia. An increase in the demand for natural healthy food, Gugija has been thought as a source of healthy foods, and then the extracts of dried Gugija have been frequently used as food ingredients. But, its extracts with Gugija alone has a slightly bad taste. Physiological characteristics of Gugija extracts were investigated by adding white ginseng (WG) and red ginseng (RG) to enhance taste. Methods and Results : Gugija extract were prepared by adding 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100% of ginseng (WG and RG) to the weight of Gugija, respectively. Antioxidant activities of Gugija extracts were investigated DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity, SOD-like activity, FRAP, activity. As the amount of WG added increased, DPPH, ABTS radical scavenging activity, and FRAP activity of Gugija extract decreased. On the other hand, the physiological activity of Gugija extract increased with increasing amount of RG. The SOD-like activity of Gugija extract added up to 60% of WG and to 40% of RG was continuously lowered, in the addition amount thereafter, the activity increased as the addition amount increased. In components, As the amount of WG and RG added increased, the ginsenosides content of Gugija extract increased, the content of ginsenosides was higher in extract added RG than WG, but betaine and total flavonoid content decreased. Conclusion : From the above results, we may suggest that Gugija extracts by adding RG increased the antioxidant activities, SOD-like activity, and the preference degree.

Background : Korea ginseng root has been traditionally used as a tonic as it is stated to have the capacity to normalize body functions and strengthen systems that are caused by various stresses. But, white ginseng (WG) has lower antioxidant activity than other medicinal crops. Omija (Schisandra chinensis Baillon) has various physiological functionalities such as anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities, which have the effective components of Omija are lignans (schizandrins and gomisins), and this components were contented mostly in seed part on Omija. Physiological characteristics of WG extracts were investigated by adding Omija to enhance functionality. Methods and Results : WG extract were prepared by adding 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100% of Omija to the weight of WG. Physiological characteristics of WG extracts were investigated DPPH radical scavenging activity, FRAP, and nitrite scavenging activity. As the amount of Omija added increased, DPPH radical scavenging activity of WG extract increased proportionally. IC50 of 10 times water extracts were 0.455, 0.028 and 0.041 ml/ml on WG (100WG), WG added 50% Omija (50OM50WG), and Omija (100OM0WG), respectively. On the other hand, FRAP of extracts decreased slightly with increasing amount of Omija. Nitrite scavenging activity of Omija extract were significantly more active than WG extract, exhibited to 88.89% and 72.65% on WG extract added with 40% Omija (40OM60WG) and non added (100WG), respectively, pH 1.2. and then, to 33.45% and 1.38% with 40OM60WG and 100WG extract, respectively. Conclusion : From the above results, we may suggest that WG extracts by adding Omija increased the DPPH radical scavenging activity, nitrite scavenging activity and the preference degree on taste.

Background : The several studies on the characteristics of Korean ginseng cultivars and breeding lines have already been carried out the level of molecular classification analysis in Korea. In spite of where Geumsan is a representative place of Korean ginseng, Geumsan native species (breeding lines) have not yet been carry out analysis of morphological, genetic characteristics and relationship. We have plan to carry out morphological, genetic characteristics and relationship for Geumsan native species, breeding lines. Furthermore, We could be used diverse genetic resources for Ginseng breeding. Methods and Results : In this study, a total of 71 breeding lines and variety (GS97-1 - Geumwon) consisting of native ginseng collections from Geumsan was analyzed to identify for Korean ginseng variety respectively, and clustered for the selection of Geumsan native ginseng in Korea using DNA markers. We collected 71 Ginseng breeding lines from Geumsan. Analyses of the genetic characteristics of the collection were conducted for extraction gDNA using sprout. We were measured DNA concentration using QIAxpert (QIAGEN). Each DNA sample was quantified at the final DNA concentration of 5 ng/㎖ using sterilized distilled water. Korean ginseng 14 variety and 57 Ginseng breeding lines from Geumsan could be identified polymorphism using the selected 6 primer (MFGp183, MFGp130, MFGp110_E, UFGp163, MFGp108 and UFGp156). Conclusion : These finding could be used for morphological and genetic characteristics for produced native ginseng in Geumsan area. Futhermore, we could be used diverse genetic resources for Ginseng breeding.

Background : The most problematic disease in Boxthorn is Anthracnose in open field. New variety with Anthracnose-resistant is good for high yield and Safe fruit production in open field. Therefore it is necessary to develop a new variety with Anthracnose -resistant and high yield. Methods and Results : The new boxthorn line, CB10511-104 was selected from the cross between CB09480-18 and Chunghong (IT258916) to breed new variety with high yield, Anthracnose-resistant and good color in 2011. Its preliminary yield test was performed from 2013 to 2014 and the selected line was named Cheongyang 26. Its regional yield trials were carried out in Cheongyang, Yesan and Jindo for 3 years, from 2015 to 2017. Cheongyang 26 was registered as the new variety, Cheonggang, in 2017. The specific characteristics were summarized as follows. Tree shape is semi-open type and the leaf is lanceolate and green color. The flowers are normal size and purple. The fruit is normal size, round oval and redish. The flowering was June 17 with medium flowering. Number of sprout branch by pruning was generated less than the check variety, Cheongmeong. The infection rates on leaves to Eriophys macrodonis Keifer of Chunggang, 54.4 percent, was higher than the check variety, Cheongmeong. Anthracnose on fruits in open field was slightly strong compared to the check variety, but check variety was Anthracnose-resistant. The content of betaine and free sugar in dried-fruits were higher than that of the check variety. The dried-fruit yield was increased about 26 percent in open field compared Cheongmeong. Conclusion : This variety ‘Cheonggang’ was suitable for cultivation in open field and rain-shelter plastic greenhouse because of Anthracnose-resistant and good color. It is necessary the companion variety because of self-incompatible. It’s suitable ‘Cheonggeum’ in open field, ‘Cheongun’ in rain-shelter plastic greenhouse.

Background : Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge is herbaceous perennial plant used for medicine with tuber root. This experiment was conducted to establish proper drying method of Anemarrhena asphodeloides for GAP post-harvest management manual. Methods and Results : Anemarrhena asphodeloides radix was cut in 3mm thickness after washing. Drying methods were air curing, sun drying, and hot-air drying (45℃, 50℃, 55℃, 60℃). Dry matter ratio (DMR) and moisture content (MC) were checked for every 12 hours for air curing and sun drying and checked for every 2 hours for hot-air drying. In 6 hours hot air drying at 45℃ and 50℃, DMR and MC were 39.9%, 38.4% and 13.5%, 12.8% respectively. In 4 hours hot air drying at 60℃, DMR and MC were 38.0% and 13.6% respectively. In air curing and sun drying for 4 days, DMR and MC were 37.0%, 37.6% and 12.3%, 13.1% respectively. Color value according to drying methods was higher as 74.57 in ℓ value under 50℃ hot air drying and lower as 65.35 under air-curing. a value was higher as 3.50 under air-curing and lower as 0.47 under 50℃ hot air drying. Conclusion : In 6 hours hot air drying at 50℃, MC was 12.8% and color value was higher as 74.57 in ℓ value and lower as 0.47and 22.59 in a value and b value respectively. This result showed that hot air drying for 6 hours at 50℃ was more proper for Anemarrhena asphodeloides radix drying.

Background : Cynanchum wilfordii is a perennial species of climbing vine belonging to the family Asclepiadaceae. Cynanchum wilfordii native to Korea has been cultivated and used for medicine with tuber root. Prevalent furrow size is 20 ㎝ in height for Cynanchum wilfordii cultivation in Korea. This experiment was carried out to find out yield and commercial characteristics according to furrow height in cultivation of Cynanchum wilfordii. Methods and Results : There were 4 furrow height of 10 ㎝, 20 ㎝, 30 ㎝, and 40 ㎝. Seedling transplanting was performed in early May with 40-day seedlings grown in pot from late March. Seedling establishment rates were similar as 96.7% - 99.7% in all treatments. Vine length, branch number, node number, stem diameter, leaf length, and leaf width were higher in furrow of 40 ㎝ and chlorophyll content was not significantly different according to furrow height. Main root number was more as 5.2 ea/plant in 20 ㎝ furrow and first lateral root number was more as 4.5 ea/plant but not significantly different in 20 ㎝ and 30 ㎝ furrow. Main root length was longer as 39.2 ㎝ and 37.0 ㎝ in 40 ㎝ and 30 ㎝ furrow height respectively. First lateral root length was longest as 25.0 ㎝ in 30 ㎝ furrow. Main root diameter was thicker as 24.9 ㎜ in 40cm furrow and thinner as 18.7 ㎜ in 10 ㎝ furrow. First lateral root diameter was thicker as 14.4 ㎜ in 20 ㎝ furrow and thinner as 11.2 ㎜ in 10 ㎝ furrow. Total yield and commercial yield in 40 ㎝ furrow were highest as 1,173 ㎏/10 a and 919 ㎏/10 a, 78.6% of total yield. Conclusion : It was considered that higher total yield and commercial yield in 40 ㎝ furrow was resulted from better aerial part growth including vine length, branch number, node number, stem diameter, leaf length, and leaf width and bigger main tuber root size.

Background : Cynanchum wilfordii is a perennial species of climbing vine belonging to the family Asclepiadaceae. Cynanchum wilfordii native to Korea has been cultivated and used for medicine with tuber root. Direct seeding and seedling transplanting and tuber root seed (below ∅10 ㎜) planting have been performed for cultivation. This experiment was carried out to investigate growth and yield characteristics of Cynanchum wilfordii according to planting method. Methods and Results : Direct-seeding and tuber root seed (TRS) planting were performed in early April and seedling transplanting with seedling grown for 40 days was performed in early may. TRS size was 2 – 3 ㎝ in length and 10 ㎜ and 20 ㎜ in diameter respectively. Seedling establishment rate was similar as 97.3% - 99.0% in all treatments. Vine length, branch number, node number and chlorophyll content were not significantly different in all treatments. Stem diameter, leaf length, and leaf width were higher in TRS planting. Main root number was more as 4.5 - 4.3 in seedling planting and TRS planting (∅20 ㎜) respectively but first lateral root number was not significantly different in all treatments. Root diameter was thicker as 23.3 ㎜ in TRS planting (∅20 ㎜). Total yield in TRS planting (∅20 ㎜) was higher as 1,041 ㎏/10 a, 25% increased compared to 830 ㎏/10 a of direct seeding and with higher commercial yield rate of 75.7%. Conclusion : It was considered that higher total yield and commercial yield in TRS planting (∅20 ㎜) was resulted from bigger size of stem diameter, leaf length, and leaf width and bigger main root size related to root yield and commercial value.

Background : Liriope platyphylla Wang et Tang is planting in April and harvest next April for the fourth season went through medicinal crops. This is why growth and impact on the quantity of additional fertilizer for application timing and amount of application is very important. To want to find out optimal method of additional fertilizer that can increase the quantity and quality application. Methods and Results : So this study was designed in order to find out proper timing for application and amount of applied fertilizer. Timing for application were July, September, November (custom) and May, July, September and August, October, December. Amount of applied fertilizer were 7 ㎏, 13 ㎏, 19 ㎏ per 10 a. The result of an experiment, when In cultivation with timing for application was May, July, September and amount of applied fertilizer was 7 ㎏ per 10 a, In situation of growth and development, plant length was short and root length was long and number of plants was many than timing for application was August, October, December and amount of applied fertilizer was 19 ㎏ per 10 a. In addition, in quantity characteristics, tuberous root number was 44 to 68 more than 24 and tuberous root length and tuberous root thickness was long and thicker. When these growth and development situation and the quantity characteristics, yield was 275 ㎏ to 340 ㎏ more than 65 ㎏ per 10 a. That is 5.2 times. Conclusion : In cultivation of Liriope platyphylla Wang et Tang, when the timing for application quickly start in May and reducing the amount of applied fertilizer was yield increased 5.2 times.

Background : Liriope platyphylla Wang et Tang are very sensitive to the excess moisture condition and dry crops. This is why the tuberous root is big and as many as the quantity for adequate water is needed. Study of proper bed width and hight to maintain optimal moisture for the high quality and yield. Methods and Results : So this study was designed in order to find out proper bed Width and hight. Bed width were 80 ㎝, 100 ㎝, 120 ㎝ and hight were 10 ㎝, 15 ㎝, 20 ㎝. The result of an experiment, when cultivation with bed width 100 ㎝, hight 20 ㎝, In situation of growth and development, plant length and root length were long and number was plants was many than bed width 120 ㎝, hight 10 ㎝. In addition, in quantity characteristics, tuberous root number was 27 to 58 more than 31 and tuberous root length and tuberous root thickness was long and thicker. When these growth and development situation and the quantity characteristics, yield was 66 ㎏ to 252 ㎏ more than 186 ㎏ per 10 a. Conclusion : In cultivation of Liriope platyphylla Wang et Tang, when to maintain optimal moisture with bed width 100 ㎝, hight 20 ㎝ have been higher quality and yield than cultivation with bed width 120 ㎝, hight 10 ㎝.

Background : Currently sprout ginsengs are produced in extensive variations of cultivation times, methods and specifications that are different in each farm in Korea. Also, regardless the effective ingredient content of ginseng, overgrown sprout ginseng are distributed so that the quality standardization of sprout ginseng is urgently required. The sprout ginseng market is only a segment of the Korean ginseng market still. However, If development of processed products utilizing the functionalities is connected, the market may exponentially grow. Also, if the use of sprout ginseng is extended to productions of drinks, cosmetics, facial masks and others in the cosmetics and health functional food industries, the export competitiveness to the global market is expected to increase. Therefore, this study aims the quality standardization of sprout ginseng to secure the market competitiveness in Korea and overseas by examining the property change following the cultivation phases. Methods and Results : For the overground growing in green houses, the sprout ginsengs planted in early April and early June show to be better in growing than the ones planted in early August. For the underground growing, while no significance is found among the cultivation periods, the sprout ginsengs planted in early June are excellent in terms of the root length and the weight of overground portion. Also, according to the examination on the stem properties of 2-year grown sprout ginsengs in each cultivation time, a trend that, as the growing period is longer from 25 days to 35 days, 45 days and 95 days, the hardness, gumminess, chewingness and springiness of stem are higher. And, on the hardness, gumminess, chewingness and springiness of leaf, while no statistically significance is found in the growing periods from 25 days to 45 days, the 95-day sprout ginsengs show high figures referring that the leaves becomes tougher. Conclusion : In case of cultivating sprout ginsengs in a green house, cultivating in April - June is advantageous for the overground and underground growing. And, it is determined that cultivating sprout ginsengs for 35 - 45 days produces leaves and stems with the most excellent chewing textures felt by consumers when chewing.