In this study, the leak signal was measured by using an accelerometer to analyze the basic data and methodology for the development of the leak point estimation method in the water supply pipe. The measured results were analyzed by frequency analysis and cross-correlation analysis for leakage signals, and the error range was compared and analyzed with the actual leak point distance. As a result, it was confirmed that the vibration intensity due to leakage from the water leakage point was attenuated according to the distance. In the case of the ductile iron casting used in the experiment, the intensity of the signal at the 945 Hz, 1,500 Hz, 2,300 Hz band was increased with the change of the pressure in the pipe at 4mm of leakage hole. Also, it was confirmed that as the water pressure increases, the intensity of the leak signal increases but the similarity of the signal decreases. The results of this study confirm that the accelerometer sensor can be used efficiently for leak detection and it can be used as a basic data for the analysis for the development of leak point estimation method in the future.

이 연구는『이것이 인간인가』를 소수자 문학의 가장 우수한 사례 가운데 하나로 읽으며, 우리 시대 소수자 문학의 가능성을 시사 받고자 한다.『이것이 인간인가』는 종교적 모티프가 풍부한 텍스트이다. 그러나 이 연구는 특정 모티프 보다는 인간의 존재, 신의 존재가 광범위하게 모독되는 종교적 상황을 더 주목했다. 이 논문에서 소수자 문학은 인간의 부재, 신의 부재, 나아가 문학 부재의 극한상황에서 탄생한 또 하나의 문학의 이름이다. 따라서 소수자 문학은 기존의 주류 문학에 대한 단순한 반동을 넘어 질적으로 새로운 문학이다. 이 시론은 레비가 단순히 소수자-‘이기’의 한 객체가 아니라, 소수자-‘되기’의 주인공이 되는 과정을 분석했다. 레비의 문제작은 단지 홀로코스트의 증언을 넘어 종교적 깊이에까지 닻을 내리고 있는 인간 존재의 심연에 대한 뛰어난 통찰과 물음으로 읽을 수 있다. 이처럼 소수자 문학의 가치는 결국, 문학이란 과연 무엇인가의 물음을 활성화하는 데 있다고 할 수 있다.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the meaning of the sea in Heuksan written by Kim Hoon. In Heuksan, Kim Hoon took notice of the existence of Jung Yak-jun which barely remains from hopelessness and loneliness with all things rooted out. In this novel, we can meet the sea while following such a life of Jung Yak-jun. To Kim Hoon, the sea is not a romantic object of admiration or ideal, but something reduced into material. When the protagonist consists in his outer world, not in his inner one, the sea reduced phenomenologically lies as a solemn reality. This reality is impossible to transcend. The phenomenogical world view and aim of the writer go with noticeable narrative flow penetrating the text.In Heuksan, the system of representation of the ‘sea’ accompanies the signifier ‘time.’ With the ‘sea,’ ‘time’ is reduced to the time not stained with its trace. The sea is not only an outside of the inner side in which an individual maintains his identity continually, but also an outside of history in which a social group preserves its collective memory. This sea is fearful as well as boundless. The main motive of Jung Yak-jun’s behavior in Heuksan-do can be explained by such boundlessness and fear. The prospect of this study is that the future of sea story crossing in a moral way, not sinking into the sea of fear and pity, can be a future of Kim Hoon’s literature.

We investigated the spatial and temporal variation in characteristics and pollution assessment of sediments in the watersheds of Andong-Dam and Imha-Dam, in Korea. Surface sediments were collected from six sites once a year for three years (2015-2017), and analyzed for organic matter (water content, IL, COD, TOC, TN, and TP), grain size, and concentration of trace metals (Al, Li, Zn, Cr, Pb, Cu, Ni, and As). Organic matter generally tended to increase, and was higher in the Andong watershed compare to Imha watershed. Surface sediments were mainly composed of silt. Coarse sediments were mainly distributed at the site adjacent to Andong-Dam, and showed fining after coarsening. Fine sediment were mainly distributed at the site adjacent to Imha-Dam, and were gradually coarsening. Concentration of trace metals generally tended to increase, and was higher for sites in watershed of Andong watershed (PLI > 1) than for sites in Imha watershed (PLI < 1). Trace metals in the study area were considered to be affected by fine sediment (silt), and contamination of trace metals was somewhat affected by Pb, and greatly affected by Zn and As.

To certificate change in the geochemical characteristics of surface sediments in the main stream of the Nakdong River, surface sediments from 12 sampling sites during the first and second half year (total 24 sampling sites) were collected and analyzed for grain size, ignition loss, total organic carbon and heavy metal content. Surface sediments mainly composed of sand (coarse and medium sand) and fining changed from the first half to the second half of the year. Ignition loss, total organic carbon and heavy metals content increased in the second half of the year. Some heavy metals (Zn, Ni and Cu) were found to be at the lowest effect levels according to Ontario sediment quality guidelines. Additionally, most heavy metals were found to be at the non polluted level and level I according to USEPA sediment quality standards and National Institute of Environmental Research sediment pollution evaluation standard, respectively. The enrichment factor (< 1) and index of geoaccmulation (< 0) were non polluted in the study area. The correlation analysis results showed that ignition loss, total organic carbon and heavy metal content were highly correlated with grain size. Regarding changes in geochemical characteristics of surface sediments in the study area, grain size fine and organic matter and heavy metal content increased in the second half year. Nonetheless these results indicated pollution levels that did not adversely affect the benthos.

Ministry of Environment has been operating water quality monitoring network in order to obtain the basic data for the water environment policies and comprehensively understand the water quality status of public water bodies such as rivers and lakes. The observed water quality data is very important to analyze by applying statistical methods because there are seasonal fluctuations. Typically, monthly water quality data has to analyze that the transition comprise a periodicity since the change has the periodicity according to the change of seasons. In this study, trends, SOM and RDA analysis were performed at the Mulgeum station using water quality data for temperature, BOD, COD, pH, SS, T-N, T-P, Chl-a and Colon-bacterium observed from 1989 to 2013 in the Nakdong River. As a result of trends, SOM and RDA, the Mulgeum station was found that the water quality is improved, but caution is required in order to ensure safe water supply because concentrations in water quality were higher in the early spring(1~3 month) the most.

In order to certificate the distribution and pollution of heavy metal of surface sediments in Nakdong River were collected and analyzed for grain size, water content, ignition loss and heavy metal content. Surface sediments mainly composed of sand(avg. 94.6%) and water content and ignition loss were 20.46%, 1.53% on average. Grain size were relatively fine and organic matter content were relatively high in the Hoichun and Sunakdonggang. Most of heavy metal content(Zn > Cr > Pb > Ni > Cu > Hg) in the Deokcheongang and Sunakdonggang were higher than the other streams. The Igeo were non polluted(less than 0) in all streams and the EF were relatively high in the small stream and PLI were non polluted(less than 1). In addition, organic matter, heavy metal content and pollution were highly correlation with grain size. Surface sediments in study area, heavy metal pollution of the Sunakdonggang were relatively high compared to the other stream but these results were not serious pollution that exceed the sediment pollution evaluation standard of river and lake in Korea and pollution levels adversely affected the majority of benthos were not.