In spite of bulk literature about the tuning of TMD, the effectiveness of TMD in reducing the seismic response of engineering structures is still in a row. This paper deals with the optimum tuning parameters of a passive TMD and simulated on MATLAB with a ten-story numerical shear building. A weighted multi-objective optimization method based on computer experiment consisting of coupled with central composite design(CCD) central composite design and response surface methodology(RSM) was applied to find out the optimum tuning parameters of TMD. After the optimization, the so-conceived TMD turns out to be optimal with respect to the specific seismic event, hence allowing for an optimum reduction in seismic response. The method was employed on above structure by assuming first the El Centro seismic input as a sort of benchmark excitation, and then additional recent strong-motion earthquakes. It is found that the RSM based weighted multi-objective optimized damper improves frequency responses and root mean square displacements of the structure without TMD by 31.6% and 82.3% under El Centro earthquake, respectively, and has an equal or higher performance than the conventionally designed dampers with respect to frequency responses and root mean square displacements and when applied to earthquakes.

To find economic mixing proportions of 60MPa high strength self compacting concrete optimizing a multi-objective problem was performed, which was implemented numerically on MathCAD15 to calculate the economic and optimal mix proportion considering multi-objective characterizing the five performances like compressive strength, passing ability, segregation resistance, manufacturing cost and bulk density depending on the factors like water-binder ratio, cement content, fine aggregate percentage, fly ash content and superplasticizer content.

D-optimal experimental design was employed to model the effect of mixing factors on several performances of 60MPa high strength self compacting concrete and to numerically calculate the optimal mix proportion considering multi-objective characterizing the four performances like compressive strength, passing ability, segregation resistance and manufacturing cost depending on the factors like water-binder ratio, cement content, fine aggregate percentage, fly ash content and superplasticizer content, the experiments were made at the total 32 experimental points which reduced comparing with standard experimental design.

NSGAⅡ algorithm was employed to optimize the multi-objective problem to find mixing proportions of 60MPa high strength self compacting concrete, which was implemented numerically on MATLAB to calculate the optimal mix proportion considering multi-objective characterizing the four performances like compressive strength, passing ability, segregation resistance and manufacturing cost depending on the factors like water-binder ratio, cement content, fine aggregate percentage, fly ash content and superplasticizer content.

Multi-objective optimization using response surface methodology-based surrogate model was employed to find optimal design parameter of TMD installed on structure under the El Centro earthquake. It is found that the RSM based weighted multi-objective optimized damper improves frequency responses and root mean square displacements of the structure without TMD by 31.6% and 82.3% under El Centro earthquake, respectively, and has an equal or higher performance than the conventionally designed dampers with respect to frequency responses and root mean square displacements and when applied to earthquakes.

Multi-objective optimization coupled with GA-ANN Metamodeling Method and NSGAⅡ was implemented to optimize TMD installed on 10 story structure under El Centro earthquake. Layer number and nodes of ANN were optimized by use of genetic algorithm and NSGA-Ⅱalgorithm was applied to solve multi-objective optimization problem prepared by GA-ANN metamodel. It is found that the GA-ANN multi-objective optimized damper improved frequency responses and root mean square displacements of the structure without TMD by 34.7% and 76.4% under El Centro earthquake, respectively.

Tuned Mass Damper (TMD) and viscoelastic damper (VED) is a well-known vibration absorbing equipment in the civil engineering realm. Although the dampers are typically used separately, combined use of dampers worth investigation. For that purpose, a numerical model of multi-story building equipped with TMD and VED was developed using finite element software SAP2000. In this study, modal parameter based distribution of hybrid damper system (HDS) using Tuned Mass Damper (TMD) and viscoelastic damper (VED) together has been adopted to reduce the seismic response of the structure.

Box-Wilson 실험계획법은 보통 중심합성계획법으로 알려져 있으며, 변동성이 존재하는 정보를 실험 계획적 방법으로 수집하는 설계 기법이다. 이 방법은 최소의 설계비용으로 가능한 많은 정보를 얻는 목적으로 고안되었다. 본 연구에서는 60 MPa급 고강도 자기충전형 콘크리트(HSSCC)를 대상으로 다양한 성능에 대한 여러 배합인자들의 효과를 효율적으로 파악하고 최적배합을 찾는 과정에 이 방법을 적용하였다. HSSCC의 배합인자(요인)와 물리적 성능(반응) 사이의 비선형적 관계는 2차 다항식으로 반응표면을 근사화 모델링하였으며, 요인점=25=32개, 축점=2k=10개, 중심점은 각 축에서 2번 씩 10개, 총 52개의 실험점에서 물시멘트비, 단위시멘트량, 잔골재비, 단위플라이애쉬량, 단위고성능감수량의 총 5개의 인자에 따른 압축강도, 통과능력, 재료분리저항성, 제조비용, 밀도 등의 총 5개의 반응을 파악하기 위한 실험이 실시되었다. 연구의 결과 Box-Wilson 실험계획법은 배합인자와 반응 사이의 관계를 과학적인 방법으로 계획하고 객관적으로 해석하는 데 매우 효과적이었으며, 수치해석적인 방법으로 최적배합을 계산할 수 있었다.

This paper prrsents results of Probabilistic Seismic Risk Assessment(PSRA) of an Saemangeum Dike considering uncertainties of earthquake occurrences. First the seismic vulnerability of a structure and the seismic hazard of the site are evalusted using earthquake sets and seismic risk map, and then seismic risk of the structure is assessed.

The intent of this research is to apply DOE in mix proportioning of high strength self-compacting concrete (HSSCC) and to assess the effect of different process parameters on HSSCC. The effect of water-binder ratio, cement content, fine aggregate percentage, fly ash content and superplasticizer content on compressive strength, passing ability, and manufacturing cost were studied.

Experiments were divided into two parts; one part is to understand the basic properties of high flowable VA/VeoVa-modified cement mortar with different polymer cement ratio (P/C) and the weight ratio of fine aggregate to cement (C:F) and the other part is to investigate the effect of surface water spread on the concrete substrate on adhesion in tension. To understand the basic performance, the specimens were prepared with proportionally mixing VA/VeoVa redispersible powder, ordinary portland cement, silica sand, superplasticizer and viscosity enhancing agent. Here, P/C were 10, 20, 30, 50 and 75% and C:F were 1:1 and 1:3. As the change of P/C and C:F unit weight, flow test, crack resistance and adhesion in tension were measured. Three specimens with good adhesion properties were selected among specimens with different P/C and C:F. The effect of surface water evenly sprayed on concrete substrate on adhesive strength is investigated. The results show that surface water on concrete substrate increases the adhesion in tension of high flowable VA/VeoVa-modified cement mortar and additionally improves the flowability compared to the non-sprayed case.

본 연구에서는 고유동성의 SBR 개질 시멘트 모르타르의 기초적 성능을 바탕으로 콘크리트의 보수용 재료에 매우 중요한 요구성능인 부착강도에 대한 피착체의 표면에 존재하는 표면수량의 영향을 검토하는 연구가 수행하였다. 고유동성 SBR 개질 시멘트 모르타르의 기초적인 성능을 토대로 부착강도, 잔갈림성, 재료분리 저항성이 좋은 시험체를 선택하였다. 시험체는 C:F=1:1인 경우 P/C=20%, 30%의 시험체 2개, C:F=1:3인 경우 P/C=50%의 시험체 1개, 총 3개가 선택되었으며 이 3개의 배합에 대하여 피착체의 표면수량에 따른 고유동성 SBR 개질 시멘트 모르타르의 특성을 파악하였다. 표면수는 콘크리트 피착면의 단위 면적 (cm2) 당 각각 0, 0.006, 0.012, 0.017, 0.024 g이 균등하게 살포되었으며, 이에 따른 연도변화, 플로우값, 부착강도, 부착파괴형상, 내균열성 및 재료분리여부를 파악하였다. 본 연구를 통해 콘크리트 피착체에 살포된 표면수는 고유동성 SBR 개질 시멘트 모르타르의 부착강도를 증진하는 효과가 있다는 결론을 얻었다.

This study investigated the effect of surface water on concrete substrate on adhesive strength in tension of very high flowable SBR-modified cement mortar. Polymer cement ratio(P/C) were 10, 20, 30, 50 and 75% and the weight ratio of fine aggregate to cement were 1:1 and 1:3. The specimens obtained with different P/C and C:F were characterized by unit weight, flow test, crack resistance and adhesion test. Three selected specimens among these tested specimens were studied about the effect of surface water evenly sprayed on concrete substrate on adhesive strength.

This study have interests in presenting the process of material optimization design. This study was designed by using design of experiment. To present the form of model and explore the optimal point of response surface model, central composite design(CCD) and Response Surface Methodology(RSM) were used in the design of the experiment and in the analysis of the results.

이산화탄소에 의해 열화된 콘크리트 구조물의 보수 후 잔존수명을 평가할 때 보수재의 효과를 고려하기 위해 본 연구에서는 탄산화에 의해 열화를 받은 콘크리트 부재의 보수 후 재열화과정을 Fick's 확산(diffusion) 제1법칙을 이용하여 모델링함으로써 단면복구재에 의해 보수된 콘크리트 부재의 독특한 상황을 고려한 합리적인 예측식을 제시하였다. 연구결과는 보수재의 이산화탄소 확산 프로파일과 기존 구체콘크리트의 탄산화된 부분의 이산화탄소 확산 프로파일을 효과적으로 모델링할 수 있음을 보여줬다. 제시된 평가모델식에 대한 검증예제를 통해 보수재의 이산화탄소 확산지연효과를 확인할 수 있었으며 보수된 콘크리트 구조물의 보수 후 잔존수명을 객관적이고 수치계산적인 방법으로 평가할 수 있었다.