Salinity is a major problem affecting crop production worldwide because it reduces yield and limits the expansion of cultivation. This study investigated the effect of irrigation water of different salinity levels on the growth and flowering characteristics of lily ‘Woori Tower’ and ‘Siberia’ cultivars. In both ‘Woori Tower’ and ‘Siberia’, the sprouting rate decreased and the sprout was delayed with increased irrigation water salinity. Plant height, leaf length, and leaf width decreased by 44.7%, 18.8%, and 20% in ‘Woori Tower’, respectively, and 50.7%, 36.4%, and 40% in ‘Siberia’, respectively at 0.5% NaCl compared to the control. Day to leaf yellowing was about 8 days earlier in ‘Woori Tower’ and 51 days earlier in ‘Siberia’ at 0.5% NaCl. SPAD decreased by 21.7% in ‘Woori Tower’ and 53.5% in ‘Siberia’ at 0.5% NaCl. In ‘Woori Tower’, flower height decreased by 9.6% at 0.5% NaCl, and the flower width and pedicel length gradually decreased as the salt concentration increased. Days to the flowering of ‘Woori Tower’ increased up to 3.5 days, as the salt concentration increased. The bulb characteristics of ‘Woori Tower’ also decreased. As the salt concentration increased, the Na+ and Cl- contents of the leaves of ‘Woori Tower’ and ‘Siberia’ increased, while the contents of K+, Mg2+ and Ca2+, decreased.

The ω5-gliadins are the major allergens in wheat-dependent excise-induced anaphylaxis (WDEIA). In this study, SDS-PAGE analysis was used to assign the ω5-gliadins (Gli-B1) alleles in thirty two Korean wheat cultivars, compared with eleven standard wheat cultivars for Gli-B1a~m alleles. These results were reconfirmed with their complementary Glu-B3 low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits alleles tightly linked with Gli-B1 locus revealed with 2-DGE in our previous study. As a result, one Gli-B1b, four Gli-B1d, two Gli-B1f, six Gli-B1m and nineteen Gli-B1h varieties were identified. This is the first report on revealing the Gli-B1 alleles in Korean wheat cultivars and represents valuable basic data on wheat allergy, relationship between gliadin and wheat quality, and development of hypo-allergenic wheat.

Low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (LMW-GS) play a crucial role in the processing quality of wheat flour. They are encoded multi gene family located at the Glu-A3, Glu-B3 and Glu-D3 on the short arm of chromosome 1A, 1B and 1D respectively. Typical LMW-GSs are composed of three parts including a short N-terminal domain, a relatively short repetitive domain and a C-terminal domain. Further, typical LMW-GS sequences are divided into LMW-s, LMW-m and LMW-i types, on the basis of the first amino acid of the mature proteins (serine, methionine and isoleucine, respectively). Although it is known that the allelic variation of LMW-GSs affect the properties of dough, it is still not clear which LMW-GSs confer better bread-making quality because of the larger number of expressed subunits and their overlapping mobility with abundant gliadin proteins. Therefore, it is important to characterize LMW-GS genes and develop functional markers to identify different LMW-GS alleles for application in wheat breeding. In this review, we discuss the various aspects of LMW-GS, including their structural characteristics, the development of marker, relationship between LMW-GSs and bread wheat quality, and genetic engineering of the LMW-GSs.