Although adolescents’ obesity prevalence increases recently in Korea due to Westernized dietary life, according to social and economic development, and physical activity decline, distorted body image and improper dietary habits are prevalent, because of excessive obsession with weight control, deriving from psychological impacts including appearance supremacy. This study conducted a survey on health oriented awareness and attitude related with dietary habits targeting adolescents, such as high school students and college students, younger than 24, from May 11 to May 29, 2015. In this study, 280 questionnaire copies were collected out of 300 distributed questionnaire copies, and used 269 copies as analysis data, except 11 copies of which responses were inadequate. The results of this study are as follows: First, the high school students showed higher dietary regularity than the college students. Especially, 95.5% of the college students showed very high irregularity of lunch, compared with just 4.5% of the high school students. Second, the adolescents showed distorted perceived body image in comparison with body mass index (BMI). As a result of examining BMI relationship, according to one’s own perception on body type, 28.6% of the respondents perceived themselves fat, despite normal BMI, and 40.4% of the respondents perceived themselves normal, despite low BMI. Third, health behavior activities level was higher, as the regularity of breakfast (B=1.093), lunch, (B=0.650), and dinner (B=0.765) was higher. The variable affecting the most (β =0.372) was the regularity of breakfast. As interest in weight control was higher, health behavior activities was lower. Because over-interest in weight control may be linked with improper dietary habits or weight control, a caution is needed. The results of this study are expected to be utilized as the basic data for the policy and health-oriented program development to improve adolescents’ health behavior practice.

Recently, increased caffeine intake has led to an increase in caffeine addiction and withdrawal symptoms. Coffee is surreptitiously consumed in as an additive to milk and caramel. There are few studies on how coffee affects the health of modern people. The purpose of this study is to determine the efficacy and side effects of coffee by awareness of coffee consumption patterns among college students, who are the principal consumers. A survey was conducted from May 11 to 17, 2015 and 302 questionnaires were analyzed. The respondents were 140 men (46.4%) and 162 women (53.6%). In terms of coffee additives, 151 (50.0%) respondents chose ‘americano’ and 111 (36.8%) ‘variation’. The frequency of coffee intake and sleep time for college students was negatively correlated, with the correlation coefficient of －0.145 and significance probability of 0.019. The group that was ‘positively’ aware of the principal ingredients of coffee had a higher level of academic training than those with ‘negative’ awareness (p=0.000). Women recognized a larger number of side effects than men: 1.99 and 1.36, respectively, on average (p=0.001). ‘Time for consumption’ had statistically significant effects on the side effects of coffee consumption: consumption before/after lunch, before/after supper and before going to bed led to 0.4 times (p=0.048) and 0.3 times (p=0.023) more side effects, respectively, than consuming coffee after getting up and before/ after breakfast. Excessive caffeine intake through coffee led to limited sleep time and poorer learning concentration. The guidelines for proper coffee consumption should be created to help students consume coffee properly so that it will not affect sleep, learning concentration or adversely affect health.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of awareness and knowledge of the efficacy of carbonated water on consumption patterns and satisfaction for college students, who are the principal consumers of carbonated water. A survey was conducted with 502 college students in the Metropolitan area from May 13 to 18, 2015 and 455 questionnaires were analyzed. As for the differences in awareness and knowledge of the efficacy of carbonated water according to gender, females (14.60 and 0.76) had better awareness and knowledge than males (13.40 and 0.58) (p=0.000 and p=0.036). The more positive the awareness of carbonated water, the greater the knowledge (p=0.000); the greater the knowledge of carbonated water, the higher level of consumption satisfaction (p=0.006). The odds ratio of awareness for carbonated water was 11.98; that is, positive awareness led to higher levels of satisfaction than negative awareness (p=0.003). Since awareness of the efficacy of carbonated water was found to affect carbonated water drinking and satisfaction, it is necessary to provide correct information about the efficacy of carbonated water.

In the 5'-flanking region of the D-AAT, AspAT and AlaDH gene, I found three or two pairs of sequences(designated as P1, P2, P3) which show significant similarity to the E.coli consensus sequences of -35 and -10 for promoters. The spacing between -35 and -10 is 16 to 18bp in all the three putative promoters Pl, P2 and P3 which is in good agreement with the preferred spacer length in E.coli and in B.subtilis. Therefore, the putative promoters may also function to increase the efficiency of transcriptional initiation. The most stable, double-helical $quot;Shine-Dalgarno$quot; pairing is formed with a free energy change(△G) of -13.0 ㎉/㏖, -9.6 ㎉/㏖, -15.8 ㎉/㏖.