This study was performed to investigate antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of perilla(Perilla frutescens L.) seed, flower and leaf according to extraction condition. Perilla seed extracts(PSE), perilla flower extracts(PFE), perilla leaf extracts(PLE) was extracted by stirring extraction (STE, 25°C), shaking extraction (SHE, 80°C), and sonication assisted extraction(SAE, , 25°C) with 94% ethanol, 60% ethanol and distilled water, followed by analysis of total polyphenol and flavonoid and testing radical scavenging activities. The highest total polyphenol content (5.47, 9.36, 38.58 mg gallic acid equivalent/g), total flavonoid content(5.77, 8.62, 46.44 mg catechin equivalent/g), ABTS(10.68, 19.46, 63.56 mg trolox equivalent/g) and DPPH(6.51, 7.69, 79.73 mg trolox equivalent/g) radical scavenging activity of PSE, PFE and PLE was observed in the HWE with 60% ethanol,. Among the three extraction method, SHE provided the best results for yield, polyphenol, flavonoid content of perilla seed, flower, leaf in comparison to STE or SAE. SHE with 60% ethanol of perilla seed, flower, leaf more effectively inhibited secretion of nitric oxide(NO) and pro-inflammatory cytokine in RAW 264.7 macrophage exposed to LPS compared to other extraction solvent and method. Therefore, these extracts obtained from perilla seed, flower, leaf could be used antioxidant and anti-inflammatory ingredients in the food industry.

The objective of this study was to investigate the distribution of functional compounds in perilla leaves of various genetic resources and their antioxidant activities. A comprehensive analysis of functional compounds was conducted for 90 genetic resources, focusing on total polyphenol content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), individual phenolic content (IPC), and lutein. Their antioxidant activities were then analyzed based on their radical scavenging capacity using ABTS (2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) and DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl). The TPC content exhibited a range of 13.19 to 35.85 mg gallic acid equivalent/g, whereas the TFC content varied from 11.74 to 46.51 mg catechin equivalent/g. Total IPC was detected in a range of 6,310.98 to 40,491.82 μg/g. Lutein was detected at levels between 70.97 and 597.97 μg/g. ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging activities of perilla leaves ranged from 30.39 to 58.58 mg trolox equivalent (TE)/g and from 7.74 to 46.56 mg TE/g, respectively. Furthermore, correlation analysis demonstrated that rosmarinic acid, a phenolic acid, exhibited a significantly positive correlation with antioxidant activity. These findings suggest that various genetic resource of perilla leaves could effectively mediate antioxidant capacity. Results of this study provide valuable information for use of perilla leaves in Korea as functional food materials.

Background : The interest in paddy-converted fields to be used as an alternative new farming area for the stable ginseng production is increasing, and made up -32% of the total ginseng cultivation area in Korea in 2014. Therefore, this study examined how soil types and fertilizer regimes influence fatty acid (FA) and vitamin E (Vit-E) variation in 6-years-old ginseng root. Methods and Results : Ginseng variety “Jagyeongjong” was cultivated upland and paddy-converted field, and three organic fertilizers were applied to both fields, at 0, 1, 2, and 4 tons per 1,000 ㎡, prior to the ginseng seedling transplantation. The 37 FAs and 8 Vit-E were analyzed with GC-FID. We observed significant variation in both FA and Vit-E contents owing to the type and quantity of organic fertilizer used in each soil type during cultivation. Unsaturated FAs were approximately 2.7-fold higher in ginseng than in saturated FAs. Linoleic, palmitic, and oleic acids were the most abundant FAs detected in ginseng roots. Additionally, α-tocopherol was the major Vit-E detected. In particular, the increased application of rice straw compost or food waste fertilizer elevated the quantity of nutritionally desirable FAs and bioactive Vit-E in ginseng root. Partial least square-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) score plots showed that soil type might be the main cause of differences in FA and Vit-E levels in ginseng. Specifically, the PLS-DA model indicated that palmitic acid is a suitable FA marker in determining whether ginseng plants were grown in a paddy-converted field or an upland field. Moreover, linoleic acid levels were highly correlated with α-linolenic acid (r = 0.8374) according to Pearson's correlations and hierarchical clustering analysis. Conclusion : This study investigated how soil type, as well as organic fertilizer type and amount, altered the FA and Vit-E profiles in ginseng roots. Therefore, these preliminary data should be beneficial to ginseng farmers and any industries involved in the production of high quality and nutritional ginseng products.

Background : Agaricus bisporus mushroom, which originated from Europe, is an edible mushroom with a unique taste and flavor and is the most widely cultivated mushroom type worldwide, particularly because of the relatively high protein, dietary fiber, and vitamin D contents of the fruit body, which have human health benefits like anticancer and DNA damage protection. However, to our knowledge, few studies have been conducted on the ability to discriminate mushroom’s bioactive compounds according to regional production sites. Thus, this study was aimed to examine the regional difference of selected bioactive compounds in of Agaricus bisporus mushroom. Methods and Results : The cultivars (cv.) “Saedo” and “Saehan” obtained from five regions of Korea were measured their phenolics and fatty acids profiling by LC/MS and GC-FID system, respectively. Among 54 targeted phenolics, protocatechuic, p-hydroxybenzoic, caffeic, 2,4-dihydrobenzoic, p-coumaric, and salicylic acids were found in the cv. Saedo and cv. Saehan fruit body. Also, tyrosine and phenylalanine, which are precursor metabolites of phemolics, were also observed in the A. bisporus fruit body. In particular, phenylalanine and p-hydroxybenzoic acid were the most abundant phenolic precusor and metabolite present in the A. bisporus, and was significant with the production regions (p < 0.05). The FA content was significant with the production region, but not much differed (p < 0.05). The n-6 FA including linoleic acid was the major FA in the mushroom, accounting > 70% over total FA content. However, the n-3 FA was the n-6 FA was very minor FA metabolites. Conclusion : These preliminary results can extend knowledge of regional difference of certain targeted bioactive compounds in A. bisporus mushroom produced in Korea, contributing to reliable regional difference with potential broader applications for the international mushroom market.

지구온난화의 영향으로 전 세계적으로 기후변화가 일어나고 있다. 각국에는 기존의 연료인 석탄 및 석유의 에너지를 줄이고 온실가스 저감 및 저탄소 생활문화에 대한 관심이 높다. 특히 매립되는 폐기물을 재사용하기 위해 폐기물에 저장된 많은 양의 에너지를 활용하여 전기를 생산하는 가스발전소를 가동하고 있다. 이렇게 생산된 전기에너지중 일부는 자체적으로 소모가 되고 일부는 한국전력에 판매하고 있다. 그러나 일부의 가스는 전기에너지로 전환하지 못하여 버려지게 된다. 그 이유는 매립지에서 발생된 가스의 양을 조절하기 어렵고 전기에너지의 다양한를 따라가기 힘들기 때문이다. 그렇기 때문에 일정한 에너지 공급과 잉여전력의 저장을 위해 재생에너지 산업에 꼭 필요한 장치가 에너지저장장치(ESS)이다. 그 중 친환경 적이며 높은 내구성 및 안전성을 갖는 장치가 VRFB이다. VRFB의 경우 바나듐을 활물질로 사용한 2차 전지로서 산화환원 반응을 통해 전기에너지를 화학적에너지로 전환하여 저장하였다가 필요한 순간에 발전하여 전력을 공급할 수 있다. ESS를 사용하면 에너지 공급안전성을 높일 수 있으며 버려지는 에너지를 저장하여 언제든 공급할 수 있게 된다. 많은 장점을 가진 VRFB 이지만 아직 기술적으로 완전하게 정립되어있지 않기 때문에 성능향상에 대한 연구와 관심이 많다. 우리는 VRFB 의 성능을 높이기 위해 촉매에 대한 연구를 중점적으로 진행해 왔다. B과 N은 일반적으로 전기 전도성을 향상시킨다고 알려진 촉매로서 이를 다공성 carbon 인 MSU-FC에 첨가하여 사용하였다. 이 촉매를 사용함으로서 에너지 밀도와 에너지효율에 성능향상을 보였고 또한 Capacity 또한 유지되는 것을 보였다.