This paper considers an economic design problem of a tree-based network which is a kind of computer network. This problem can be modeling to be an objective function to minimize installation costs, on the constraints of spanning tree and maximum traffic c

This paper considers a topological optimization of a network design with mean packet delay and node connectivity constraints. The objective is to find the topological layout of links, at minimal cost. This Problem is known to be NP-hard. To efficiently so

PC camera-based instant messenger have problems of video image break/delay and noise. The reason is caused by a composed problem that PC Camera is belong to the connected PC and operating in the Pc. This research suggests an instant messenger that llses n

This paper presents an app lication of heuristic approach to problem of designing reliable network expansion. The problem essentially consists in finding the network topology that satisfies given set of reliability constraints. To efficiently solve the pr

  The purpose of this study is to find out the factors of customer satisfaction as the critical success factors of mobile banking. Based on previous exploratory work and a review of the literature of customer satisfaction, nine key factors are identified:

  This paper considers a topological optimization of a computer network design with a reliability constraint. The objective is to find the topological layout of links, at minimal cost, under the constraint that the network reliability is more than a given

  This study aims to design and implement a learning evaluation system using .NET which is developed by Microsoft. .NET technology supports higher processing speed than ASP technology. The learning evaluation system is based on the web, consists of admini

  This paper considers a topological optimization of a computer network design with a cost constraint. The objective is to find the topological layout of links, at maximal reliability, under the constraint that the network cost is less or equal than a giv

In this paper, the design problem of local area networks is defined as finding the network topology minimizing cost subject to reliability constraint. The design problem includes issues such as multiple choices of link type for each possible link, multipl

Recently comparison-shopping agent systems are promising to support purchase of buyers in online-shopping environment. This paper proposes a comparison-shopping agent system considered easy access and buyer's preference. Easy access is achieved by minimiz

이 논문에서는 백본 네트워크의 경제적 확장 방법을 제시한다. 기존 연구에서의 네트워크 확장은 기 설치된 네트워크에 새로운 노드를 추가하는 데 그치고 있다. 이 논문에서는 새로운 노드의 추가 외에 기 설치된 링크의 용량 확장 까지를 고려하는 경제적 확장 설계 방법을 제시한다. 경제적 네트워크 확장은기 설치된 네트워크와 perform-ability를 제약조건으로 하면서 비용을 최소화하는 문제로 표현된다. 효율적인 해외 탐색을 위해 이진과 K진이 혼용된 하이

This paper will be focused on a methodological position of the historical materials. According to the results of the current researches, man has dealt with this question in two directions as the following: the perspectives of historical theology and church history. However, this resolution makes to put each of the disciplines in a intermediate position between these two extremes, or at best in one of the two. Now, for the raised question, psychoanalytical elements should be considered in the whole process of the reconstructing historical fact, because these have been involved in every of the four steps from happening of historical events to reconstruction of the historical realty. The interpretation of the historical materials needs the so-called “paradigm shift” of the methodology. Finally, this will allow to go beyond the limits of the deficiency of the historical materials.

The purpose of this thesis is focussed on the explanation of the meaning of Origen’s prayer theology, the valuation of his contributions, and the comparision with Jesus’s understanding of the prayer. Opponents against the prayer argued that there is no need to pray, because God knows what the human wants and needs. In addition, God loved the creation and led them to salvation without prayer. Not only the divine will and providence can not be changed by the human prayer, but also human free will is opposed to God’s providence. In relation to that arguments Origen asserted that human prayer means that God’s providence and human free will work together. The human is cooperating with God through the prayer as an expression of man’s free will. According to Origen, “euché” has two meanings, namely “vow” and “petition”, but “proseuché” “petition or ask”. However, in the Gospels, Jesus say “proseuché” for the “petition”. Therefore, Origen see, that the criticism raised by opponents are easily refutable, if we understand “euché” to mean “vow”. And in relation of the personal egoism or self-centeredness in the korean church the meaning of “vows” ist more necessary and demanded than the of “petition or ask”. And everywhere in our society there is people, who are still facing problems, as well as food, clothing, and the right to live dignified, and violations of human rights and being happy. if the social, economic, and political conditions are in a relatively relaxed situation, petition praying is more suitable than “vow praying”. Thus, Jesus asked to pray his disciples and people gathered around him in the meaning of “petition”, because they were living in that socio-economic and political isolation and discrimination. Anyway, Origen’s rediscovery of the meaning of “euch” as vow would have been the best counter-weapon against his opponents. In that sense, it is suitable of us to vow in a relatively relaxed situation, but in a desperate situation, to ask or petition.

In Hinsicht auf die patristische Auslegungen über die vierte Brotbitte im Herrengebet(Mt. 6.11; Lk. 11.3) wurden uns zwei unterschiedliche Auslegungsrichtungen, nömlich spiritualisch und materialisch, überliefert. Unter “dem äglichen Brot(o ∈`π ι o α` p)” verstehen nicht nur Tertullianus, sondern auch Origenes als Christus, der “das vom Himmel herabkommende wahre Brot”(Jo. 6.32) oder “das Brot des Lebens”(Jo. 6.35) ist. In der Forderung Jesu, dass wir sein Reich und seine Gerechtigkeit beten sollen(Mt. 6.33), findet Tertullianus den Grund seiner exegetischen Richtung. Origenes, der darüber etymologisch am tiefsten erörtert, haben auch seinerseits mindestens zwei Gründe: erstens, Jesus erfordert uns, etwas Himmliches und Grösseres zu beten(Proöm. peri euches); zweitens, er leitet “∈`π ι o(täglich)” etymologisch von “∈πι την ouσιαν” aus, indem er “ouσια” als “notwendig” vesteht. Also "ό έπιουσιος 'άρτος” ist für ihn “das mit Wesen verbundene Brot”. Die biblich und etymologisch grundlegende Interpretation von Origenes wurde auf die “spiritual-erbauliche” Auslegungstendenz der folgenden Generationen ausgeübt. Im Gegenteil davon sehen darin Gregorios von Nyssa und Johannes Chrysostomos einfach materiales, reales Brot, weil Menschen, natürlich nicht Engel, unter Hunger leiden können und darum etwas zum Essen jeden Tag brauchen müssen. Aber dies Brot ist uns nicht preislos gegeben, sondern man soll es erwerben, insbesondere für Gregorios, als Lohn der fleissigen Arbeit(Gen. 3.19). Uns gibt es also der himmliche Vater, das daher das gerechtige Brot ist. Die Bedeutung der Gregorios’ Exegese ist schliesslich folgenschwer, besonders für das Thema “Reictum und Armut”. Die Unterschiedlichkeit beider Positionen könnten aus der zeitlichen Situations-veränderung zwischen dem 3. und 4. Jahundert, oder aus sozial-wirtlschaflich unterschiedlichem Hintergrund in Nordafrika und Asia Minor, oder aus der individuell theologischen Richtungen.