This study examines how buildings and streets in Yeji-dong, Jongno-gu, Seoul, adapted as the district shifted from residential to commercial use. The scope covers 184 buildings, 262 land parcels, and pedestrian-oriented streets/ alleys. Methods combine literature review with measured drawings, photographs, videos from prior documentation projects, materials collected during dismantling, and field surveys. Findings are as follows: (1) from the mid-1950s to the 1970s, vertical expansion (mixed-use shop-houses, party-wall buildings, and partial upward extensions) prevailed; and (2) in the 1980s–1990s, horizontal expansion intensified through additions/ alterations and building integration across parcels. Sectoral requirements (electronics, cameras, watches, and jewelry) directly shaped shop size and plan. The southwest electronics cluster favored deep plans with storage, and the northeast watches/ jewelry cluster featured small serial shops and intensive use of adaptive passages. Adaptive passages, non-statutory connectors formed outdoors or within buildings, are classified as dead-end, one-way, and multi-way types. They improved customer access and micro-logistics, structuring high-density commercial space. Zoning designation, road improvements, and redevelopment schemes mediated the spread of commercial functions. The study systematizes the concept of adaptive passage and elucidates self-organizing adaptation mechanisms of architecture and urban fabric under commercialization. Limitations include post-demolition constraints and reliance on prior records, and comparative studies in other districts are suggested.

This study compares St. Nicholas' Orthodox Church in Seoul (1968) and St. Dionysios' Orthodox Church in Ulsan (2005), which are Byzantine-style churches under the Korean Orthodox Church, with Hagiya Sophia in Istanbul, a masterpiece of Byzantine architecture. Focusing on the construction method and shape of the dome, which is a major characteristic of Byzantine architecture, this study compares the architectural background of these three churches, the presence and shape of the dome, the presence of drums, and the number and shape of skylights. As a result, it was found that these three churches differ in the construction method of the dome due to differences in different architectural backgrounds and structural methods, and that these structural and morphological differences ultimately determine the atmosphere of the interior space of the cathedral. This study examines two representative Byzantine Orthodox churches in Korea, both designed by the same architect, Zho Chang Han (b. 1936), with a time gap of approximately 40 years between them. It holds particular significance in exploring how the Byzantine dome was constructed differently by analyzing the historical context and structural characteristics of the Orthodox Church.