Multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)–copper (Cu) composites are successfully fabricated by a combination of a binder-free wet mixing and spark plasma sintering (SPS) process. The SPS is performed under various conditions to investigate optimized processing conditions for minimizing the structural defects of CNTs and densifying the MWCNT–Cu composites. The electrical conductivities of MWCNT–Cu composites are slightly increased for compositions containing up to 1 vol.% CNT and remain above the value for sintered Cu up to 2 vol.% CNT. Uniformly dispersed CNTs in the Cu matrix with clean interfaces between the treated MWCNT and Cu leading to effective electrical transfer from the treated MWCNT to the Cu is believed to be the origin of the improved electrical conductivity of the treated MWCNT–Cu composites. The results indicate the possibility of exploiting CNTs as a contributing reinforcement phase for improving the electrical conductivity and mechanical properties in the Cu matrix composites.

Junkan, same as epilepsy of western medicine, has been reported on many oriental medical texts since Naegeong(內經). But It is very difficult for doctors to treat and manage Junkan(癲癎) patients because of the lack of literatural study and arrangement about the Junkan(癲癎). Therefor this study was performed in order to arrange the causes, classification, treatment methods and prognosis of Junkan(癲癎) and adapt to clinical therapy clearly. The results were summerised as follows. 1. The causes of Junkan(癲癎) were the heredity factor(胎病), Tamyeun(痰涎), heat(熱, 火), wind(風邪), seven emotion(七情), food poison(飮食傷) and so on. 2. Junkan(癲癎) was classified with five Jun(五癲) and five Kan(五癎) or Yun Kan(陰癎) and Yang Kan(陽癎) . 3. The methods of treatment, first of all, was vommitory treatment(吐法) in the case of Tam(痰) cause and next methods were relaxation(安神,寧神), sedation(平肝鎭驚), heat relief(淸熱降火), Tam remova(化痰) and so on according to the sympton. 4. The prognosis of Junkan(癲癎) was good in the case of intact shin(神不脫), Yang symptom(陽證), Bu disease(腑病) and Pyo disease(表病) and bad in the case of shin injury(神脫), Yum symptom(陰證), Jang disease(臟病) and Liu disease(裏病)

Stroke induces neuro-psychiatric symptoms as well as neural disorders. In oriental medical treatment of stroke, these neuro-psychiatric symptoms and motor․sensory nerve disorders are major and important points of differentiation of syndromes and major therapeutic aim for stroke patients. For looking at changes of neuro-psychiatric symptoms in stroke patients, we devided stroke patients into two groups by time after attack; group in 4 weeks (Group A) after attack, group more than 5 weeks (Group B). We examined them with SCL-90-R(Symptoms Check List-90-R), one of neuro-psy -chiatric examination tools, then the results as follows; In group A, phobic Anxiety was most high, and phobia anxiety, anxiety, psychoticism, hostility, depression, obsessive-compulsive, paranoid ideation and interpersonal sensitivity were located by score. In group B, phobic anxiety was most high, and depression, somatization, anxiety, psychoticism, interpersonal sensitivity, obsessive-compulsive, hostility, paranoid ideation were located by score. We recognized that all indexes of Group B including global severity index(GSI), positive symptom total(PST) and positive symptom distress index(PSDI) were higher than those of Group A. We suggest that the aim of treatment about stroke patients be made by considering changes of neuro-psychological symptoms.