The purpose of this study was to identify the oral bacterial species in sequestra from patients with bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ). Fifteen patients with BRONJ (2 males and 13 females) were evaluated. Clinical features, radiographic findings, and bisphosphonate intake history were investigated. All patients were treated with surgical methods (curettage or sequestrectomy). Infected bone samples were collected from the affected BRONJ site. Ten bacterial species were selected for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection. Two to nine bacterial species were detected by PCR. Gram-negative species were predominant and all identified bacteria were anaerobes. Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, and Treponema denticola were detected at high levels. These are major pathogenic species in periodontal disease. Orthopantomographic radiographs showed generalized alveolar bone loss in most patients. These radiographic findings may provide evidence of chronic periodontitis as a pre-existing inflammatory disease. Most patients had experienced a predisposing dental procedure, such as tooth extraction. Sequestra (necrotic bone) infected with oral bacterial species may be an important risk factor for BRONJ. As such, prevention and management of BRONJ may rely on effective control of bacteria in the oral cavity.

Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) is a rare and aggressive variant of squamous cell carcinoma arising in various anatomical sites. This article describes a case history of BSCC of the floor of mouth with mandibular involvement, and further discusses the appropriate management of such case with reference to the literature review. A 52-year-old male patient was referred to our clinic from another university hospital. Segmental mandibulectomy with supraomohyoid neck dissection and mandible reconstruction with left fibular free flap under general anesthesia was performed, followed by radiotherapy. Histopathological examination on the tumor lesion revealed features of squamous cell carcinoma with comedo-type necrosis. A diagnosis of BSCC was given by the oral pathology specialist. Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) is a biphasic variant of SCC with both basaloid and squamous cell histology. A recent report showed that there is no significant difference in the prognosis. Due to the lack of accumulated research, close follow-up and continuous research are deemed necessary. Treatment that focuses on the stage of the tumor is appropriate. A periodic follow-up observation is also very important due to the occurrence of distant metastasis to the lungs.

Background: Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) is the most common malignant epithelial tumor of the salivary gland in the oral cavity. In South Korea, it occurs most frequently in the palate, retromolar area, floor of the mouth, buccal mucosa, and other areas of the oral cavity. MEC is rare in children and adolescents under 20 years of age, but it is the most common malignant salivary gland tumor in this group. Reconstructive surgery is often required due to cystic lesions or resection of malignancy in the oral cavity. Buccal fat pad (BFP) is a flap that is reliable and suitable for reconstructing oral defects because it has a low complication rate and small volume change over time. Case Presentation: We report the case of a 12-year-old female patient with low-grade MEC on light soft palate with no neck metastasis. After tumor resection the palatal mucosal defect was reconstructed with a BFP flap. Conclusion: The purpose of this article is to discuss the features and treatment methods of MEC that is rarely occurring in children, and the usefulness of BFP for reconstruction. Therefore, we will make a precise diagnosis and treatment as we examine the clinical feature and review the literature.

This study was planned to evaluate the efficacy of surgical treatment in stage 2 medication related osteonecrosis of jaw(MRONJ) patients. Retrospective analysis was performed about patients who were treated with medication related osteonecrosis of jaw from 2015 to 2017. 25 Patients were treated by a single surgeon at the Department of Oral Surgery, Dental Hospital, Pusan National University. The treatment methods they received were conservative or surgical. The results of treatment were classified as "fail" and "success" and the prognosis according to the treatment method was compared. Conservative treatment 14.29% (2 cases), sequestrectomy 64.29% (9 cases) and saucerization 21.43% (3 cases) were performed in the MRONJ group, and 2 treatment failures were encountered after conservative treatment and 1 after saucerization. Surgical treatment resulted in better outcomes in stage 2 MRONJ patients. Furthermore, treatments were deemed successful when surrounding necrotic bone containing sequestrum was reliably removed. Therefore, this study suggests that the treatment of "stage 2" MRONJ should actively consider surgical treatment.

애멸구(Laodelphax striatellus Fallén) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae)는 아시아, 유럽, 북아프리카 지역에서 서식하며 화본과 식물을 가해하는 곤충으로 동아시아 지역에서 벼(Oryza sativa L.)와 옥수수(Zea mays L.)의 해충이다. 대발생시 흡즙에 의한 피해가 나타날 수 있으며 벼줄무늬잎마름병과 벼검은줄오갈병 매개로 큰 피해를 준다. 2014년부터 포스트게놈다부처유 전체사업으로 애멸구 유전체 해독 사업이 시작되었으며 차세대 염기서열 분석(NGS)과 생물정보분석을 통해 대용량 유전체 염기서열 해독과 염기서열 조립이 진행 중에 있다. 애멸구 한 개체 WGA (whole genome amplification)를 시퀀싱 한 결과, 애멸구 게놈 사이즈는 약 479Mb로 추정되었으나 현재까지 de novo assembly된 후 계산된 전체 scaffolds 길이는 약 555Mb로 큰 차이를 보이고 있다. 게다가 Scaffolds 수는 11,799개로 많고 N50도 약 129Kb로 짧아, draft genome 수준의 assembly quality를 얻기 위해 scaffolds 수를 줄이면서 N50 사이즈를 늘리기 위해 노력 중이다. 한편, 애멸구의 알, 약충, 성충 발육단계별 및 침샘조직 total RNA를 확보하여 NGS 시퀀싱을 하고 de novo assembly한 결과 158,207개(총 166Mb)의 전사체 정보를 얻었다. 기능분석을 위해 Blast Hit 결과를 토대로 Gene Ontology(GO) 및 KEGG pathway 분석을 하였으며 그 결과 및 유전체 정보 활용 예를 소개하고자 한다.

This study has intended to build a rural landscape evaluation model based on an integrated landscape assessment paradigm of rural region using an additive integration index method and applied the model to the Seondong Region of Gochang-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Korea. To reach this goal, this study developed a model to calculate Integrated Landscape Assessment Index. The model has employed the Objective Landscape Index, the Subjective Landscape Index, and the weighted values, and was applied to the Seondong region. This study has found the following results: 1) forests and water spaces were assessed with relatively better visual preferences and better landscape ecosystem; 2) the historic cultural area and scenic agriculture as well as general farm land were assessed with moderate ratings; and, 3) the villages included in development plan, their adjacent arable farming land, and the village watercourses were forming relatively poorer landscape.

This study has intended to evaluate rural subjective landscape through participation of residents and visitors according to space types, and to perform comparative analysis of evaluation results between residents and visitors. This study has employed a survey method for which 58 residents of 8 villages within Seondong region at Gochang-gun and 70 visitors to Green Barley Field Festival in the target region have participated. 42 landscape view points were selected according to landscape scopes and space types, and then the preference was evaluated using landscape adjectives after showing pictures already taken for each landscape view point. This study has found the following results. First, whereas residents gave high points to natural landscape and artificial one at the historical culture areas in comparison with other landscape scopes, visitors gave them low points on the other hand. Second, visitors evaluated the cultivated area among space types of mixed landscapes with high value. Third, based on t-test for comparative analysis, the statistically significant differences of evaluation results appeared at 6 places among 8 natural landscapes, 3 places among 12 artificial landscapes, and 3 places among mixed landscapes.