Tension members is a type of effective structural member, which is often used in large span structures. The structure systems composed with tension members are combined in various way and specific formations. So, there are need to research into the formations of tension structure and the type of adaptation in tension structure architectures. The structure systems with tension members were considered as tension main system, vector system and tension supported bending system, comprehensively. And tension structures were classified into the formation of tension structure with uniaxial or multiaxial line tension member, with surface member, with hybrid member of line and surface, concerning the flow of tension force. In each the formation of tension structure, the typical adaptations to architecture were also investigated through architecture examples. The type of the formation can be used to plan an architecture with respect to the flow of tension force and structural feature.

The present study aims to investigate the effects of the intonations on the syntactic interpretation of the interrogatives with a wh-expression in the Daegu-North Gyeongsang Korean and the Seoul metropolitan Korean. To this end, it analyzes the syntactic and prosodic structures of the interrogatives with an embedded wh-clause or a yes/no-question with an indefinite pronoun. Two types of perception tests, one with unmodified intonations and the other with transplanted intonations, were carried out to analyze the respondents’ interpretations of the three types of the interrogatives. The results of the test with unmodified intonations were as follows. First, more than 90% of the respondents chose appropriate answers to the three types of the wh-interrogatives with no statistically significant differences. Second, the respondents’ reaction times demonstrated with statistically significant differences that the processing load of wh-questions with matrix scope was heavier than that of wh questions with narrow scope or yes-no questions with an indefinite pronoun. Third, embedding verbs of the question-selecting predicate class such as gunggeumhada ‘wonder’ led to longer reaction time than those of the proposition-selecting predicate class such as saenggakada ‘think’. In addition, the results of the perception test with transplanted prosodies revealed two decisive factors. First, the interrogative-endings -ka/na were more influential factors in the respondents’ syntactic interpretations of wh-questions than the other endings such as –ko/no or the prosodies were. Second, wh-questions with such embedding verbs as saenggakada ‘think’ were interpreted in close accordance with the transplanted prosodic structures, but not so much so in the case of wh-questions with such embedding verbs as gunggeumhada ‘wonder’ irrespective of the prosody transplants.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the distributions and acoustic characteristics of /ɨi/ found in Seoul Corpus. The monophthongization of /ɨi/ occurs in 93.04% of a total of 2,370 tokens and in higher than 99% of the cases with onsets and of non-initial position in a word. However, only 31.82% of word-initial tokens are monophthongized. 94.40% of monoph- thongized /ɨi/ tokens are realized as [i], but in word-initial position, 61.74% of the monophthongized diphthong tokens are realized as [ɨ]. Based on acoustic properties, /ɨi/ in Korean is not off-glide [ɨj] but on-glide [ɰi]. The 165 diphthongs which are realized [ɰi] are classified under two patterns. The first type (97 tokens) is composed of on-glide and vowel. The second type (68 tokens) is composed of only on-glide transition. Acoustically the first type is longer than the second type in duration. Also, the first type begins with a more front position than the second type and moves to a position that is more back than the second type.

Morphosyntactic and prosodic information is accessed by native speakers of North Gyeongsang Korean when interrogatives are interpreted. The present study investigates the interface between these structures. To do so, the study analyzes the syntactic and prosodic structures of the dialect’s yes/no and wh-questions, and then examines the rate of comprehension and acceptance of the two types of the interrogatives in a perception test. The prosodic structures in the test are modified by transplantation, the results of which allow us to find out the following. First, presented with the interrogatives whose syntactic and prosodic structures did not match, the native subjects of Gyeongsang Korean relied more on the prosodic structures than on the syntactic ones. Second, changes in prosodic structures had a strong influence on simple sentences, but relatively less so on complex sentences. These results lead to the conclusion that prosodic structures are the decisive factor in syntactic interpretations, and, accordingly, are intricately intertwined with the syntactic structures during the processing of interrogatives.

This paper explores ways of quantifying wellformedness based on Information Theoretic concepts such as Phonological Complexity (PC). Goldsmith (2002) proposed that as the wellformedness of a representation increases, PC, which is computed from the probabilities of component unigrams and bigrams of words, becomes lower. The purpose of this paper is to propose the revised PC which reflect the effect of syllable numbers in Korean verb stems and words, and examine whether the correlation of phonological markedness between the revised PC and the wellformedness holds for glide formation in Korean, which has been thought to occur to avoid marked VV sequences. The statistical analyses of the hiatus and glide formation show that not only wellformedness but also revised PC significantly differ. Furthermore, Pearson correlation test of the hiatus and glide formation can provide significant correlation between the revised PC and the phonological wellformedness. Pearson correlation test of 32 stems which have one or two syllable reveals a statistical significant negative correlation coefficient between the revised PC and the phonological wellformedness.

An experimental study was performed to examine the effect of fiber content on the tensile behavior of PE fiber reinforced cement composite. The experiment with the range 0~2.0% fiber content revealed that 1.5% fiber content produced the greatest tensile strength and strain.

This study was intended to estimate the effect of adding stone dust sludge into concrete strength characteristics. it was found that the partial replacement of fine aggregate with stone dust sludge had an positive effect on the strength of concrete.

This study was intended to investigate the effect of sand particle size on the flowability and strength of UHPC. The experimental results indicated that the sand with the particle size of 0.45~0.89 mm led to the best performance in those properties of UHPC.

The purpose of this study is to present the distinctive writing styles for SNS mobile texts and describe the use of the languages in Korean mobile texts. For the data, we collected emoticons, abbreviations, acronyms, punctuation marks, omitted letters and nonstandard spellings proved to be observable in Korean SNS mobile texts. Nonstandard orthography, emoticons and punctuation marks were much more frequently used by females than by males. A difference by generation was found in text length; generally, texts written by old generations were longer than those by young generations. Especially acronyms, which are written by only consonants, were much more frequent in young generations than in old ones. We have also identified a link between the frequency of nonstandard orthography and age. The younger writers of mobile texts are, the more frequently nonstandard spellings and acronyms are used.

최근 국내의 재건축, 재개발 등의 활성화로 인해 건설폐기물이 지속적으로 발생하며 그 발생량은 증가하고 있는 추세이다. 건설폐기물은 증가하는 만큼 건축자재의 수급 또한 증가하여 건축자재를 얻기 위해 강가 훼손, 채굴, 벌목 등으로 자연환경을 파괴하게 된다. 또한 건물 해체 시 불필요한 물질들이 대량으로 배출되는 등 자연과 생태환경 변화를 야기 시키고 있어 적절한 관리가 필요로 하고 있다. 발생한 건설폐기물 소각재를 재활용하는 방안으로 본 연구에서는 건설폐기물 소각재와 황토, 일라이트를 주원료로 사용하여 내장용 벽돌의 제작 가능성을 검토하고자 하였다. 기초시료인 건설폐기물 소각재, 황토, 일라이트를 분석한 결과, 소각재, 일라이트는 SiO₂, Al₂O₃ 성분이 약 70 ~ 80%로 주를 이루었고 황토의 경우, 고창 황토는 붉은 색을 띄는 철 성분이 많이 함유되어 있어 SiO₂, Al₂O₃, Fe₂O₃가 주를 이루고 있다. 소각재, 황토, 일라이트를 비율별로 혼합하여, 1100℃, 1130℃, 1200℃ 온도별로 소성하여 일반점토벽돌 기준에 명시되어 있는 압축강도와 흡수율을 측정하였다. 그 결과 15:65:20(소:황:일) 혼합율로 1130℃에서 소성시켰을 때, 압축강도는 보통벽돌 품질 2종인 150 kgf/cm² 이상을 보였으며, 흡수율은 1종의 14% 이하로 나타나 벽돌로써의 가능성을 판단할 수 있었다. 제작한 벽돌을 가지고 더 나아가 황토와 일라이트의 기능인 탈취, 흡착에 관한 실험과 원적외선, 음이온 방사에 대한 조사를 진행할 예정이다.