Benthic harpacticoids were collected from the East Sea of Korea. Specimen were identified as members of the genus Robertgurneya Apostolov & Marinov, 1988 based on the following characteristics: the fourth segment of antennule with aesthetasc, antenna with three-segmented exopod, shape of mandible, and P1-P4 armature formula. Robertgurneya donghaensis sp. nov. is morphologically most closely related to R. simulans (Norman & Scott T., 1905) and R. similis similis (Scott A., 1896). However, R. donghaensis is characterized by the rostrum with a pointed tip, caudal rami about as board as the length of its inner edge, the first segment of the P1 endopod much longer than entire exopod, and the P5 exopod with five setae in male. The genus Robertgurneya is reported from Korean waters for the first time.

The baculovirus-insect cell expression system has been widely used method for the recombinant protein expression. The present study has several limitation. In this study, we constructed vectors consisting of transcriptional enhanced factor and promoter that improve the expression level. To confirm the usefulness of these vector system, Human papillomavirus (HPV) VLPs have been expressed by baculovirus hyper expression system. HPV VLPs were purified using a CaptoTM Core 700 (GE Healthcare Life Sciences) chromatography approach. Baculovirus hyper expression system production efficiency was influenced by the HPV VLPs production. HPV VLPs vaccination to BALB/c mice induced the generation of antibody confirmed by ELISA. This study could provide improvements on the vaccine production for the development of VLP vaccines high expression of useful heterologous proteins.

This study focuses on a job-shop scheduling problem with the objective of minimizing total tardiness for the job orders that have different due dates and different process flows. We suggest the dispatching rule based scheduling algorithm to generate fast and efficient schedule. First, we show the delay schedule can be optimal for total tardiness measure in some cases. Based on this observation, we expand search space for selecting the job operation to explore the delay schedules. That means, not only all job operations waiting for process but also job operations not arrived at the machine yet are considered to be scheduled when a machine is available and it is need decision for the next operation to be processed. Assuming each job operation is assigned to the available machine, the expected total tardiness is estimated, and the job operation with the minimum expected total tardiness is selected to be processed in the machine. If this job is being processed in the other machine, then machine should wait until the job arrives at the machine. Simulation experiments are carried out to test the suggested algorithm and compare with the results of other well-known dispatching rules such as EDD, ATC and COVERT, etc. Results show that the proposed algorithm, MET, works better in terms of total tardiness of orders than existing rules without increasing the number of tardy jobs.

The purpose of this study was to assess cross-generational effects of bisphenol A exposure in benthic copepods, Tigriopus west. Nauplii (<24 hours old) were exposed to graded concentrations of bisphenol A, and toxicity end-points such as survival, development, sex ratio, and fecundity were measured. F1 generations were grown under innoxious conditions, and similarly assessed. Significant differences were observed in development of nauplii and copepodites, between exposed and non-exposed copepods; however, there were no differences in survival of nauplii or copepodites, sex ratio, or brooding rate in parental generation. In contrast, in the F1 generation, there were significant differences between the control group and exposed group in survival and development of nauplii. Length, width, and biomass of parental and F1 generations were reduced in the exposed group compared to the control group. In addition, some deformities, such as swelling of the prosome, abnormally shaped egg sac, and dwarfism were observed after exposure to bisphenol A. So, our study demonstrates that a cross-generation toxicity test and monitoring of morphological deformities in harpacticoid copepods, can be useful for development of potential bioindicators for environmental monitoring, and assessment of chemical impact.

농업사회는 지속적인 농지면적 및 농촌인구 감소, 빠른 고령화로 인하여 일손이 매우 부족한 상황에서 하우스 시설면적의 증가와 새로운 외래해충의 발생증가 등으로 인하여 작물보호제의 의존도가 점점 높아지고 있다. 작물보호제 시장은 1980년도에는 성분량으로 16,132톤 1,348억원 출하 판매되었으며, 2017년에는 20,043톤 1조 5,048억원 시장으로 발전하였다. 작물보호시장 중 살충제 시장은 1980년 6,407톤 572억원 출하 판매되었으며, 2017년에는 6,282톤 5,707억원 시장으로 성장하였다.

강원도농업기술원에서는 2003년 무름병에 비교적 강하고 화색과 화형이 우수하고 장미 분홍색을 가진 Zantedeschia rehmanni × hybrid ‘Super Gem’과 연한 노랑색 품종 Z. × hybrid ‘Black Magic’을 각각 모본과 부본으로 하여 인공 교배 하였다. 2006년에 개화특성을 검정하여 화색과 화형이 좋은 ‘GZ0616’를 선발하였으며, 2007년에 포장 재배하여 자구 증식률, 초장과 초세 등 1차 특성검정 후 2차 선발하였다. 2013부터 2015년까지 특성검정과 재배시험을 통하여 균일성과 안정성이 인정되어 ‘강교C4-6호’로 최종 선발되었으며, 2017년 2월에 ‘립스마일(Lip Smile)’로 품종등록 되었다. 화포 외부의 주 색은 연노랑바탕 적자색(Y2C+RP79C)이며, 화포 높이는 8.5cm, 폭은 6.2cm로 대형화이다. 개화소요일수는 64.3일, 초장은 66.0cm, 괴경은 80.0g이다. 기호도 평가에서도 ‘Captain Rosette’와 유사하였으며, 절화용으로 이용 가능하다.

MA Al alloys are examined to determine the effects of alloying of Mg and Cu and rolling on tensile deformation behavior at 748 K over a wide strain rate range(10−4-103/s). A powder metallurgy aluminum alloy produced from mechanically alloyed pure Al powder exhibits only a small elongation-to-failure(εf < ~50%) in high temperature(748 K) tensile deformation at high strain rates( = 1-102/s). εf in MA Al-0.5~4.0Mg alloys increases slightly with Mg content(εf = ~140% at 4 mass%). Combined addition of Mg and Cu(MA Al-1.5%Mg-4.0%Cu) is very effective for the occurrence of superplasticity(εf > 500%). Warm-rolling(at 393-492 K) tends to raise εf. Lowering the rolling-temperature is effective for increasing the ductility. The effect is rather weak in MA pure Al and MA Al-Mg alloys, but much larger in the MA Al-1.5%Mg-4.0%Cu alloy. Additions of Mg and Cu and warm-rolling of the alloy cause a remarkable reduction in the logarithm of the peak flow stress at low strain rates ( < ~1/s) and sharpening of microstructure and smoothening of grain boundaries. Additions of Mg and Cu make the strain rate sensitivity(the m value) larger at high strain rates, and the warm-rolling may make the grain boundary sliding easier with less cavitation. Grain boundary facets are observed on the fracture surface when εf is large, indicating the operation of grain boundary sliding to a large extent during superplastic deformation.

Binary Ti-Al alloys below 51.0 mass%Al content exhibit a breakaway, transferring from parabolic to linear rate law. The second Al2O3 layer might have some protectiveness before breakaway. Ti-63.1 mass%Al oxidized at 1173 K under parabolic law. Breakaway oxidation is observed in every alloy, except for Ti-63.1 mass%Al. After breakaway, oxidation rates of the binary TiAl alloys below 34.5 mass%Al obey almost linear kinetics. The corrosion rate of Ti-63.1 mass%Al appears to be almost parabolic. As content greater than 63.0 mass% is found to be necessary to form a protective alumina film. Addition of Mo improves the oxidation resistance dramatically. No breakaway is observed at 1123 K, and breakaway is delayed by Mo addition at 1173 K. At 1123 K, no breakaway, but a parabolic increase in mass gain, are observed in the Mo-added TiAl alloys. The binary Ti-34.5 mass%Al exhibits a transfer from parabolic to linear kinetics. At 1173 K, the binary alloys show vary fast linear oxidation and even the Mo-added alloys exhibit breakaway oxidation. The 2.0 mass%Mo-added TiAl exhibits a slope between linear and parabolic. At values of 4.0 and 6.0 mass% added TiAl alloys, slightly larger rates are observed than those for the parabolic rate law, even after breakaway. On those alloys, the second Al2O3 layer appears to be persistently continuous. Oxidation resistance is considerably degraded by the addition of Mn. Mn appears to have the effect of breaking the continuity of the second Al2O3 layer.

Bang, Minhee. 2016. “A Corpus Analysis of Representation of Mothers in the South Korean Press: collocates of 엄마 (mom)”. The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea 24(3). 157~189. This study analyses the main lexical collocates of 엄마 (eomma: mom) in the corpus of the South Korean newspapers from 1990 to 2015. The collocates are grouped to see what semantic themes can be found in constructing discourse on motherhood, Firstly, 엄마 collocates most frequently with 아이 (ai: child) accounting for average 10.44% of all occurrences of eomma, while only 1.38% of the instances of the English counterpart mom(s) occurs with the English equivalents of 아이 in the COCA (Corpus of Contemporary American English). Secondly, there is a host of collocates referring to body parts and denoting physical closeness, conveying a sense of emotional intimacy and bond between a mother and a child. Thirdly, there are collocates denoting motherly love and care, juxtaposed with collocates denoting absence and suffering of mothers. Portraying mothers as a sacrificing caregiver while problematising their absence as a threat to children’s welfare positions women as having sole responsibility for child care. Lastly, there is a group of collocates related to education, reflecting the Korean zeal for education. The analysis of the collocate 엄마표 (eommapyo: mom-made) reveals how the responsibility of childcare and education is reduced to the personal and individual issue, with mothers being construed as a main agent of facilitating children’s academic success.

We consider a wafer lot transfer/release planning problem from semiconductor wafer fabrication facilities to probing facilities with the objective of minimizing the deviation of workload and total tardiness of customers’ orders. Due to the complexity of the considered problem, we propose a two-level hierarchical production planning method for the lot transfer problem between two parallel facilities to obtain an executable production plan and schedule. In the higher level, the solution for the reduced mathematical model with Lagrangian relaxation method can be regarded as a coarse good lot transfer/release plan with daily time bucket, and discrete-event simulation is performed to obtain detailed lot processing schedules at the machines with a priority- rule-based scheduling method and the lot transfer/release plan is evaluated in the lower level. To evaluate the performance of the suggested planning method, we provide computational tests on the problems obtained from a set of real data and additional test scenarios in which the several levels of variations are added in the customers’ demands. Results of computational tests showed that the proposed lot transfer/planning architecture generates executable plans within acceptable computational time in the real factories and the total tardiness of orders can be reduced more effectively by using more sophisticated lot transfer methods, such as considering the due date and ready times of lots associated the same order with the mathematical formulation. The proposed method may be implemented for the problem of job assignment in back-end process such as the assignment of chips to be tested from assembly facilities to final test facilities. Also, the proposed method can be improved by considering the sequence dependent setup in the probing facilities.

We focus on the fire scheduling problem (FSP), the problem of determining the sequence of targets to be fired at, for the objective of minimizing makespan to achieve tactical goals. In this paper, we assume that there are m available weapons to fire at n targets (> m) and the weapons are already allocated to targets. One weapon or multiple weapons can fire at one target and these fire operations should start simultaneously while the finish time of them may be different. We develop several dominance properties and a lower bound for the problem, and suggest a branch and bound algorithm implementing them. Also, In addition, heuristic algorithms that can be used for obtaining an initial upper bound in the B&B algorithm and for obtaining good solutions in a short time were developed. Computational experiments are performed on randomly generated test problems and results show that the suggested algorithm solves problems of a medium size in a reasonable amount of computation time. The proposed lower bound, the dominance properties, and the heuristics for upper bound are tested in B&B respectively, and the result showed that lower bound is effective to fathoming nodes and the dominance properties and heuristics also worked well. Also, it is showed that the CPU time required by this algorithm increases rapidly as the problem size increases. Therefore, the suggested B&B algorithm would be limited to solve large size problems. However, the employed heuristic algorithms can be effectively used in the B&B algorithm and can give good solutions for large problems within a few seconds.

Cariogenic Streptococcus mutans encounters a variety of host defense factors produced in oral cavity. Nitric oxide (NO) and NO-mediated reactive nitrogen species are potential antimicrobials of innate immunity that can threaten the fitness of S. mutans in their ecological niches. Streptococcal strategies to detoxify cytotoxic NO, which allow S. mutans to persist in caries or other environments of the oral cavity, remain unknown. In this study, we directly measured NO consumption rates of S. mutans isolated in Korea. Surprisingly, all S. mutans strains were unable to consume exogenous NO efficiently, while an intracellular parasite Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium expressing the NO-metabolizing enzyme flavohemoglobin consumed most of the NO. This result suggested that S. mutans has alternative detoxification systems for tolerating NO-induced nitrosative stresses.

Three categories of basic consumer needs are functional, symbolic, or experiential (Shimp, 2010). Functional climbing wear is specially designed garment for outdoor activity and climbing movement using optimized textiles and garment making engineering process. Therefore, visible feature such as color and design could not provide sufficient information of products for proper communication between company and consumer. Product information of functional wear can be delivered to the consumers via Hang-Tag or advertising but the contents of Hang-Tag are too difficult for the consumers to understandfunctional performance of the product (Lee, Bang, & Yoo, 2014). As to advertisements of functional clothing, its contents and appeal types do not much differ from those of fashion apparel providing no functional information with celebrity models; percentage of no functional information ads were the highest (Liu & Yoo, 2014). This study stared to answer the question, ‘is functional information essential in the ads of functional clothing?’ and ‘is it successful?’ The aim of this study, therefore, was to examine the effects of functional information in the advertisements of functional climbing wear. The advertising effectiveness was measured by ‘communicability’, ‘reliability’,‘favorability’ of the advertisement and ‘awareness and reliability of product’, and ‘purchasing related influence’. For the stimulus,10 different types of advertisements were prepared by combining of the following factors: functional information (whether or not to include), appeal type (rational/emotional), and model type (celebrity/non-celebrity/no-human). For the survey, 388 adults in their 20-50’s were participated. The results showed that regardless ofappeal type or model type, functional information enhanced ‘communicability’, ‘reliability’, ‘favorability’ of the advertisement and ‘awareness and reliability of product’, and ‘purchasing related influence’. It implied the importance andnecessity of functional information in the functional climbing wear advertisement.When other variables were controlled, emotional appeal with human models,especially celebrity model, enhanced the advertising effects. Meanwhile, advertisement with rationalappeal and functional information resulted in better ‘favorability’ of ads even without celebritymodels.The finding from this study could be useful information for the functional clothing company to planstrategies for effective advertisement of their products.

조선이 19세기 말 20세기 초 제국주의 세력으로부터 국가적 정체성을 유지하려고 할 때 다수의 서구인들이 조선을 방문했다. 이들 중의 일부는 모국으로 돌아간 이후 자신들의 경험을 다양한 형태의 글로 재현했다. 특히 미국에서 파송된 선교사들의 경우 편지, 잡지기사, 팸플릿 안내문, 연설문, 일기, 여행기, 및 기독교 소설과 같은 ‘잡다한’ 글들을 기록했다. 미국 선교사들이 남긴 다양한 출판물 중에서 본 논문은 엘라수 캔터 와그너(Ellasue Canter Wagner)의 김수방과 조선에 관한 이야기들 (KIM Su-Bang and Other Stories of Korea)과 애니 배어드(Annie Baird)의 '동트는 조선' (Daybreak in Korea)을 산문이론으로 접근한다. 일부 학자들은 김수방과 조선에 관한 이야기들이나 '동트는 조선'과 같이 기독교로 개종한 조선인들의 삶을 기록한 서사를 ‘선교소설’로 구분한다. 기존의 주장과는 달리, 본 논문은 배어드와 와그너의 글을 ‘여행서사’로 분류한다. 배어드와 와그너의 작품에 등장하는 조선인들의 삶과 당시 두 선교사 작가들이 글을 쓸 때 처해있던 상황을 볼 때 이들의 글을 여행서사로 보는 것이 더 정확하다는 것이 본 논문의 쟁점이다.

오늘날 물류 서비스 산업에서는 수요예측을 통해 불확실성을 줄여나가는 것이 경영상 매우 중요한 이슈로 제기되고 있다. 비교적 시장 점유율이 견고하게 유지되는 제조산업과는 달리 물류 서비스 산업은 매우 빠른 속도로 시장이 성장하고 변화하기 때문에, 시장 환경의 변화를 반영하여 정확한 수요 예측에 기반한 적절한 물류 서비스 공급을 위한 운송 및 인력 공급 계획을 수립하여 운용하여야 한다. 본 연구는 물류 서비스 업계를 위하여 추세 요소, 계절 요소 등 수요에 영향을 미치는 요소를 분석하고, 영향 효과를 산출하여 물류 서비스 산업을 위한 수요예측 시스템에 반영하는 방안을 연구하였다. 특히 지역 특산물, 기상효과, 음력으로 발생하는 명절 효과 등 수요를 크게 변화시키는 중요 영향 요소에 의한 수요 변동을 수요 예측에 활용하는 방안을 도출함으로써, 물류 서비스 산업계의 수요 예측을 위하여 분해법(Decomposition Method)을 제시하였다.

Insect constitute the largest and most diverse group of animals on world and also serve as the hosts or nutrient sources. In addition, several insects have a strong influence on people's emotion. To utilize the preference and interest of insects in the field of mental healthcare, a survey study was conducted with individual living in Korea. As results, the most people had a high preference and interest of insect, but some were disagreeable to the insect itself. The preference and interest of insect were high on male, adult and practician experienced insect-related events than female, student and non-practician, respectively. The most favored insects were familiar or pet insects such as Papilio xuthus, Lucanus maculifemoratus, Allomyrina dichotoma and Lampyridae. These results may be useful to develop a healing program for mental healthcare using insects. Further research is needed to determine the effects of these insect in the mental therapy for this purpose.