Garlic (Allium sativum) has been used as a medicinal plant due to its various functionalities such as reduction of cholesterol levels. The purpose of this study was to optimize conditions for the production of microencapsulated garlic powder (MGP) coated with whey protein isolate (WPI) to improve its production yield. WPI was mixed with distilled water followed by magnetic stirring at 500 rpm for 12 h to hydrate it completely. Garlic powder (GP) was added into the WPI mixture. Ratio of GP to WPI was 1:1. Subsequently, GP-WPI mixture was homogenized, and then spray-dried. To maximize the production yield of MGP, variables such as the mixing time and homogenizing condition such as rpm and time were tested. The optimum conditions for producing MGP were found to be as follows: GP and WPI mixing for 1 h and homogenizing at 8100 rpm for 10 min which improved liquid flow rate during spray drying process. The production yield of MGP under optimum conditions was 25.6 g/h. The results of this study might provide scale-up parameters on applications of GP for its commercialization.

Lycopene, one of the major carotenoids in human diet, has been suggested as a healthful phytochemical compound. Recently, it is important to quantify lycopene content in the lycopene-containing foods. However, it has been difficult to analyze lycopene content in the lycopene-containing foods using a HPLC because lycopene is not fully extracted during sample pretreatment resulting in less reliable quantitative data. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of solvent on lycopene extraction from lycopene-containing foods for HPLC quantitative analysis. Two different solvents such as 100% acetone and methanol/acetone (1:1) mixture were used to extract lycopenefrom a commercial lycopene-enriched tomato concentrate (containing approximate 72 mg/g lycopene). All extracted samples were sonicated for 10 min, centrifuged, and filtered before injection into HPLC. The analysis of lycopene content was performed by an Ultimate3000 series HPLC system using a Unisol C18 column on UV detector at 450 nm. When the lycopene-enriched tomato concentrate was extracted using 100% acetone and methanol/acetone mixture for HPLC analysis, the lycopene contents were 75.88 and 39.84 (mg/g), respectively. As a result of quantitative analysis, acetone was able to extract lycopene fully from the lycopene-containing foods. The HPLC method established in this study might be useful to quantify lycopene in the lycopene-containing foods which are manufactured in various typessuchasbeverage, powder, tablet, and etc

본 연구에서는 마늘 특유의 매운 맛과 냄새를 억제하고 대표성분인 alliin을 보호하기 위해 코팅물질과 건조방법을 달리하여 미세캡슐화하였다. 코팅물질은 말토덱스트린(MD), 분리유청단백질(WPI), 전지분유(WMP), 탈지분유(SMP)로 하고 건조방법은 분무건조(spray-drying)방법과 동결건조 (freeze-drying)방법을 이용하여 캡슐화 후 코팅물질 별, 건 조방법 별 alliin 보호특성, 관능특성 그리고 분산성을 알아 보았다. 코팅물질을 증류수에 완전히 분산시키기 위해 24 시간 동안 교반한 후 동결건조 마늘분말을 천천히 첨가하 였다. 1:1 비율의 동결건조마늘분말과 코팅물질을 혼합한 용액을 균질기를 이용하여 균질화하고, 분무건조기 또는 동결건조기를 이용하여 코팅물질을 달리하여 분말화하였 다. 미세캡슐화된 마늘분말의 추출물을 HPLC로 alliin 함 량을 정량 분석하였다. HPLC 분석결과 전지분유를 코팅물 질로 하고 분무건조방법으로 캡슐화한 마늘분말의 alliin함 량이 4.131 mg/g으로 최대함량을 보였으며, 관능평가 결과 로서 코팅물질을 분리유청단백질로 하고 분무건조방법으로 캡슐화한 마늘분말이 매운 맛과 냄새를 억제하는데 효과적 이었다. 또한 혼탁도 측정을 통한 캡슐화된 마늘 분말의 분산성을 측정했을 때, 전지분유로 캡슐화한 마늘분말의 안정성이 가장 높음을 확인할 수 있었다. 코팅물질 중 유 지방과 단백질이 황화합물에서 발생하는 특유의 매운맛과 냄새를 억제해주며 alliin의 보호에도 기여함을 알 수 있었 다. 본 실험결과, 지표물질 보호특성, 이취개선 등의 기초 자료는 기능성 식품 산업에 있어서 마늘 소재 개발을 위한 기초자료가 될 수 있을 것이다.

A 2-year-old intact female pomeranian dog presented dyspnea, labored breathing, cough, exercise intolerance, machinery heart murmur, and precordial thrill. A left-to-right patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) was diagnosed based on two-dimensional echocardiography, thoracic radiography, electrocardiography, and blood work. An angiography was performed to accurately evaluate the size and shape of the duct. An interventional approach for transcatheterial occlusion of the PDA was achieved using an Amplatz® Canine Duct Occluder (ACDO), which is a commercially available ductal occluding device. Due to the limited size of the dog’s femoral artery, a device smaller [125% of minimal ductal diameter (MDD); recommended size: 150~200% of MDD] than recommended was mounted. After placement of the ACDO, precordial thrill and continuous heart murmur disappeared, and the patient was discharged the next day after stabilization with O2 supply. Upon follow up examination, dyspnea, labored breathing, cough, exercise intolerance, and cardiomegaly were improved with no complications after the procedure. The ACDO was well maintained in position. This case represents successful clinical application of the Amplatz® Canine Duct Occluder to achieve closure of a PDA using a slightly smaller device than the recommended size.

A 7-year-old spayed female English Cocker Spaniel dog presented with polyuria (PU), polydipsia (PD), intermittent vomiting, and weight loss. Physical examination revealed pale, tacky mucous membranes and severe emaciation. Hematological and biochemical examinations revealed moderate normocytic normochromic non-regenerative anemia and moderate azotemia. Abdominal ultrasonography demonstrated bilaterally small lumpy-bumpy kidneys with hyperechoic parenchyma as well as loss of renal corticomedullary junction. Based on clinical history and examinations, the dog was diagnosed with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The dog was treated with supportive care including fluid therapy, phosphate-binding agent, and histamine H2-receptor antagonist. Darbepoetin Alfa was administered to control renal secondary non-regenerative anemia. Prescribed diet with low-protein and low-phosphorus was fed to alleviate CKD signs. Further, dietary probiotics were supplemented. This case demonstrates that oral probiotic supplementation helped reduce blood urea-nitrogen (BUN) levels. This case indicates that dietary probiotics can be a potential alternative therapeutic agent for management of renal failure