한국산 금좀벌아과의 4종 Diglochis sylvicola (Walker), Lariophagus obtusus Kamijo, Mokrzeckia lazoensis Tselikh, Paracarotomus cephalotes Ashmead과 가시금좀벌아과 아과의 4종 Lamprotatus duplicatus (Kamijo), L. hikosanus (Kamijo), Stictomischus momoii Kamijo, S. scaposus Thomson을 처음 보고한다. 이 중 3속 Diglochis Förster, Paracarotomus Ashmead, Stictomischus Thomson 은 한국에 처음 보고되는 속이다. 본 논문에서는 한국산 금좀벌아과와 가시금좀벌아과의 속 검색표와 진단 형질의 사진을 제공하였다.

최근 스마트폰의 보급 확대로 모바일 비즈니스가 활발해지고 있는데, 그 중에서도 모바일 쇼핑의 성장세가 가 장 두드러지고 있다. 모바일 쇼핑이 성장을 지속하기 위해서는 이용자들의 만족도가 중요하기에 본 연구에서는 여기에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 개인성향 변수를 중심으로 분석해 보았다. 이를 위해 한국, 중국, 미국, 일본 4개 국의 모바일 쇼핑 이용자 2000명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 스마트폰지식, 정보공유성향, 프라이버시 염려, 성별, 연령, 국적 등을 독립변수로 한 회귀모형을 구성하여 검증한 결과, 프라이버시 염려를 제외한 모든 변수가 모바일 쇼핑만족도에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 스마트폰 지식과 정보공유성향이 높을 수록, 젊고 여성일수록 모바일 쇼핑만족도가 높게 나타났다. 또한 미국, 일본, 중국, 한국 순으로 모바일 쇼핑 만 족도가 높은 것으로 나왔다. 실증 결과를 토대로 하여 모바일 쇼핑업체는 어떤 소비자를 타겟으로 하여 전략을 펼칠 것인지에 대한 시사점을 제시하였다.

Lentinula edodes is known by oak mushroom. It has been favored as delicious and nutritious food and the low-calorie food with a high nutritional value. It is also functional food since it contains a material well-known for its medicinal benefits. Since the growth and quality of oak mushrooms are sensitively affected by environmental conditions, an adequate environmental control is very essential to improve the yield and quality under protected cultivation. The main objectives of the study were to investigate cultural characteristics of mycelial growth and in vitro fruiting of Lentinula edodes. The optimum culture media for mycelial growth of L. edodes were PDA and MYA. Similarly, optimum temperature was 25℃. Malt extract(2%) and yeast extract(0.2%) were optimum carbon and nitrogen sources. Optimal culture period was 110~120 days in sawdust medium. Among different five log types, highest mycelial growth and fruiting productivity were observed in Quercus variabilis sawdust(20.9%).

Cordycepin, a specific polyadenylation inhibitor, is the main functional component in Cordyceps militaris that is one of the top three renowned traditional Chinese medicines. In this study, we performed in vitro experiments to investigate the anti-invasive and anti-metastatic activities of cordycepin using human prostate carcinoma LNCaP cells. Cordycepin were administered and their effects on LPS-induced cell migration and invasion by wound healing migration assay, measurement of TER and In vitro invasiveness assay. Within the concentrations which were not cytotoxic effects, cordycepin caused a concentration-dependent suppression of LPS-induced cell migration and invasion. The anti-invasive activity of cordycepin was also found to be associated with increased tightness of the TJ, which was confirmed by an increase in TER. The activity of MMP-2 in LNCaP cells was dose-dependently inhibited by treatment with cordycepin, and this was also correlated with a decrease in expression of its mRNA and proteins, and up-regulation of TIMPs expression. Additionally, cordycepin repressed the LPS-induced NF-kB activation and phosphorylation of PI3K/AKT. Taken together, these findings suggest that cordycepin inhibited LPS-induced migration and invasion of LNCaP cells by down-regulating the expression and activity of MMP-2, and the possible targets may be NF-kB and PI3K/AKT.

A Truncatipennes species, Pentagonica subcordicollis Bates is newly recorded in Korea. Here we provide a diagnosis and systematic accounts of P. subcordicollis. Consequently, a total of three species of Pentagonia have been recorded in the Korea, including the present species.

Prostatic calculi are common finding in radiographic examination, however, the true incidence and the clinical significance are not clearly known. We investigated the prevalence of prostatic calculi and the relationship between prostatic calcification and urolithiasis. From a database, 305 consecutive subjects older than 30 years of age who had undergone regular health checks in our hospital from January 2007 to July 2009 were enrolled in this study. Prostatic calculi and urinary stones were confirmed by non-enhanced CT. According to the presence of prostatic calculi, they were divided into two groups and the relationship with urolithiasis was determined using statistical analysis. Among 305 male subjects, prostatic calculi were found in 97 (31.9%), which revealed a linear trend with aging (r=0.928, p=0.023), while asymptomatic upper urinary tract stones were found in 45 subjects (14.9%). A significant difference was observed in mean age (p<0.001), however, no difference was observed in prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension (HT), and body mass index (BMI). In the prostatic calculi group, 24 (24.7%) subjects had previously unknown urolithiasis, while only 21 subjects (10.1%) in the non-prostatic calculi group had urinary stones. The prevalence of urolithiasis was significantly higher in men with prostatic calcification than in those without prostatic calcification (OR=2.92, 95% CI: 1.53-5.58, p=0.001). No significant differences in serum chemistry were observed between the two groups. Among the 45 patients with urolithiasis, no significant differences were observed in the mean stone size according to the presence of prostatic calcification. Our data showed that prostatic calcification was prevalent up to approximately 31.9% and was frequently combined with upper urinary tract stones. These results indicate that evaluation for urolithiasis might be needed in patients with incidentally detected prostatic calcification.

Cordycepin (3’-deoxyadenosin), a polyadenylation specific inhibitor, is the main functional component in Cordyceps militaris which is one of the top three famous traditional Chinese medicine. It has been shown to possess many pharmacological activities including immunologically stimulating, anti-cancer, anti-bacterial, and anti-virus, anti-infection effects. However, its anti-cancer molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. In this study, the apoptotic effects by cordycepin were investigates in human leukemia cells. Treatment of cordycepin significantly inhibited cells growth in a concentrationdependent manner by inducing apoptosis, as evidenced by morphological change and apoptotic cell death such as formation of apoptotic bodies, DNA fragmentation and increased populations of sub-G1. Induction of apoptosis by cordycepin was associated with modulation of Bcl-2 and inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAP) family expression. Cordycepin also increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, activation of casepase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9, cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), β-catenin and phospholipase C (PLC)-γ1 protein. The quenching of ROS generation by N-acetyl-L-cysteine administration, a scavenger of ROS, reversed the cordycepin-induced apoptosis effects. Theresults suggested that cordycepin may be a potential chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of leukemia patients [This work was supported by Blue-Bio Industry RIC at Dong-Eui University as a RIC (08-06-07) program of ITEP under Ministry of Knowledge Economy].

Cordycepin (3’-deoxyadenosine) is a polyadenylation specific inhibitor, one of the components of Cordyceps militaris. It has been shown to possess many pharmacological activities including immunologically stimulating, anti-tumor, anti-virus, and anti-infection effects. However, its molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. In this study, the apoptotic effects by cordycepin were investigated in human leukemia cells. Cordycepin treatment inhibited leukemia cells growth a concentration-dependent manner by inducing apoptosis,as evidenced by morphological change and apoptotic cell death such as formation of apoptotic bodies, DNA fragmentation and increased populations of apoptoticsub G1 phase. Induction of apoptosis by cordycepin in leukemia cells were associated with modulation of Bcl-2 member and inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) proteins expression. Cordycepin also increased ROS generation, activation of caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9, cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), -catenin and phospholipase (PLC)-1 protein. Both the this effect by cordycepin treatment were significantly inhibited by NAC, a ROS scavenger, demonstrating the important role of ROS in the observed cytotoxic effect. This results suggested that cordycepin may be a potential chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of leukemia patients.

The phylogeneticall y conserved nuclear factor 1 (NFI) gene fami ly encodes s ite-specific tra nscription factors essential for the development of a number of organ syst ems. There are four NFI genes in mamma ls (Nfi a , Nfib, Nfi c, and Nfix) and single NFI genes in Drosophila melanogaster, Caenorhabdi t is elegans, Anopheles spP. ‘ and other simpl e animals. It was reported that Nfia-defici ent mice exhi bit agenesis of the corpus call osum and other forebrain defects , wher eas Nfib-defi cient mice possess unique defects in lung ma turation and fo rebrain defect. Recently, it was also found that Nfic-defi cient mice exhibit agenesis of mo l ar서 roots and severe incisor defects. In the present study, we investigat ed the possible role of NFI-C in odon toblast diffe rent ia tion and root dentin formation using the innovative and invalua ble Nfic knockout mice model Nfi c-defi cient mice showed a berrant odontoblast differentiation and consequentl y abnormal dentin formation, while other t issues/organs in the body including ameloblasts of the enamel organ a ppeared to be unaffec ted and normal One of the most st r iking changes observed in these aberrant odontoblasts was t he absence of in tercellular junctions beLween them, r esulting in di ssociation of the cells and loss of th eir cellular polarity a nd organi zation. Surprisingly, these cells became trapped in dentin-like minerali zed t issue and thus their overa ll morphology r esembled osteoblasts and os t eocyt es. There was also an increased apoptotic activity in Nfic-deficient mice. These findings strongly s uggest ed that NFI -C plays a key role in odon tob last differentiation and survival in a cell type-specific manner.

최근 IMF 체제하에서 우리경제의 탈출구로 수출확대가 강조되고 있으며, 우리나라의 중소기업들도 수출로 이 난국의 돌파구를 찾겠다고 노력하고 있다. 중소기업이 제한된 자원을 가지고 국제시장을 개척하기 어려운데도 불구하고 높은 수출성과를 올리는 중소기업이 있는가 하면, 그렇지 못한 기업들도 있다. 본 연구는 이들 중소기업간을 구분하여 주는 수출관련변수가 무엇인지를 발견해 보고자 탐험적으로 시도되었다. 선행연구들의 고찰을 토대로 하여 작성된 설문지를 부산지역에 소재 하는 167개 중소수출업체를 대상으로 직접방문면담조사 하였다. 수집된 자료를 판별분석해 본 결과, 수출성과(수출이익률과 수출증가율)에 의해 구분한 4개 수출중소기업군(경쟁우위군(고수출이익률-고수출증가율), 현상유지군(고수출이익률-저수출증가율), 성장잠재군(저수출이익률-고수출증가율), 그리고 상대적열위군(저수출이익률-저수출증가율))을 구분하는 주요한 변수로는 자사상표부착 수출비중, 수출지역수, 국내수출경쟁업체수, 국외수출경쟁업체수, 수출주력제품수, 수출거래처수 등으로 나타났다. 이러한 발견점을 토대로 하여 중소기업의 수출성과를 향상시키기 위한 방안을 결론에서 제시하였다.

Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is a dioecious plant, although monoecious plants are bred in some cultivars for fiber or seed production. Recently, hemp has received attention for medicinal use with some cannabinoids, including cannabidiol. Self-fertilization for breeding inbred lines is difficult because of dioeciousness and anemophily in hemp. This experiment was conducted to develop a self-fertilization method by forming female flowers and seeds from male plants of dioecious hemp. To induce the formation of female flowers on male plants, 500 ㎎ L-1 of ethephon was sprayed on plants at soon, seven and fourteen days after primordia formation. The plant ratio of female flowers formation and the number of harvested seeds were increased by ethephon treatment. Female flowers of male plants have 5 stigmas in contrast to the dual stigma of female 1plants. Male plant seeds were lighter and smaller than those from female plants. Although the germination rate was lower than that of normal seeds from female plants, the seeds from male plants germinated to grow seedlings. Thus, we suggest that hemp plants should be treated with ethephon at soon after primordia formation to induce the formation of more female flowers on the male plants.