본 연구는 전국 임의의 산양삼 재배지를 선정하여 재배 지 내의 토양 특성 및 토양세균군집을 분석하고, 토양이 화학적 특성, 토양세균군집 및 산양삼 생육특성 간의 상관 관계를 구명하기 위하여 수행되었다. 토양세균군집 분석은 pyrosequencing analysis (Illumina platform)를 이용하였고, 토양세균군집과 생육특성 간의 상관관계는 Spearman’s rank correlation을 이용하여 분석하였다. 8개 산양삼 재배 지로부터 분리한 토양세균군집은 2개의 군집으로 군집화를 이루는 것을 확인하였다. 모든 토양샘플에서 Proteobacteria와 Alphaproteobacteria가 각각 35.4%, 24.4%로 가장 높은 상대적 빈도수를 보였다. 산양삼의 생육은 토양 pH가 낮고 Acidobacteria의 상대적 빈도수가 높은 토양에서 증가 하였으며, Acidobacteriia (class)와 Koribacteraceae (family)의 상대적 빈도수는 산양삼의 생육과 유의적인 정의 상관관계를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구 결과는 토양세균군 집과 산양삼 생육 간의 상관관계를 구명하는 중요한 자료가 될 것으로 생각되고, 나아가 산양삼 재배 이전에 산양삼의 생육에 유용한 토양세균군집을 확인할 수 있다면 산양삼 재배적지를 선정하는데 도움을 줄 수 있을 것이다. 또한 토양이화학성과 더불어 임상 및 주변식생에 따른 토양 세균군집과 산양삼 생육특성에 대한 상관관계 연구를 추 가로 수행한다면 보다 명확한 정보를 대한 제공할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

약용작물인 천궁류를 가해하는 총채벌레류의 발생종을 확인하고자 2018년 7월과 8월 2회에 걸쳐 영주와 봉화의 일천궁과 토천궁 재배지에서 채집하였다. 두 재배지에서 총 5종의 총채벌레류가 발생함을 확인하였고 꽃노랑총채벌레 > 대만꽃노랑총채벌레 > 미나리총채벌레 > 볼록총채벌레 > 대관령총채벌레 > 파총채벌레 순으로 동일하였지만 포획비율에서는 약간의 차이를 보여 주었다. 이러한 결과는 약용작물로 재배하고 있는 2종의 천궁에서 우점종이 꽃노랑총채벌레와 대만총채벌레임을 확인시켜 주었다. 또한 미나리총채벌레와 대관령총채벌레가 천궁류에서 서식하고 있음을 처음 확인하였다.

오미자를 가해하는 여러 해충 중 과피를 가해하는 볼록총채벌레를 대상으로 황색등에 대한 기피반응과 유인제에 대한 유인반응을 2017년 5월부터 8월까지 경북 문경시 동로면 소재 유기전환, 무농약, GAP 및 유기농 재배지에서 조사하였다. 황색등을 처리한 평지 및 경사지 모두에서 볼록총채벌레의 기피반응을 확인할 수 없었고 꽃노랑총채벌레 의 유인제로 사용하고 있는 p-anisic acid methyl ester에 대한 유인반응 또한 대조구와 비교했을 때 효과가 없는 것으로 조사되었다. 이러한 결과는 Derksen et al. (2016)이 언급한 것처럼 볼록총채벌레가 주행성(diurnal) 해충임을 의미하며 p-anisic acid methyl ester가 아닌 오미자가 발산하는 다른 향기물질(plant violates)을 이용한 유인제나 수컷이 방출하는 집합페로몬을 활용한 트랩 개발이 필요함을 제시하고 있다. 이러한 트랩 개발은 볼록총채벌레의 효과적인 예찰 및 대량포획에 도움이 될 것으로 판단된다.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of vibration on Golgi tendon organ(GTO) and Hold-Relax of PNF in muscular activity and gait factors on Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness(DOMS). This study was conducted on 20 subjects. they were divided into two groups; Hold-Relax of PNF(n=10), Vibration on GTO(n=10). Both of the group was performed interventions 1 times a day for 3 days. The data was analyzed by the repeated-ANOVA for comparing before, after 24h and after 48h changes of factors in each group and the Independent t-test for comparing the between groups. The results are as follows. There was statistically significant difference of before, after 24h and after 48h vibration on GTO group and Hold-Relax of PNF group in muscular activity and gait factors on DOMS.(p<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference of between vibration on GTO group, but there was statistically significant difference Hold-Relax of PNF group in EMG, step width, step length, stride length(p>0.05). As a results of this study, Hold-Relax of PNF group are effective in improving muscular activity and gait factors

Background: Cnidium officinale Makino and Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. are important medicinal crops in Korea. However, there is insufficient information on the identification of thrips, which attack these plants. Until now, one species of thrips has been recorded as a main pest. Methods and Results: To identify the thrips emerging in C. officinale Makino and L. chuanxiong Hort., these plants were independently cultivated in two local areas. Thirty individuals of each plant species were selected randomly and surveyed for the presence of thrips. After confirming the existence of thrips, 100 thrips individuals were collected from each crop using the beating method. To identify thrips species, we performed PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP)-based analysis using ITS2 primer sets. Six thrips species were identified: western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis), flower thrips (F. intonsa), onion thrips (Thrips tabaci), chrysanthemum thrips (T. nigropilosus), chilli thrips (Scirtothrips dorsalis), and grass thrips (Anaphothrips obscurus). The proportion of these species differed between the host plant species. Conclusions: Six thrips species were major pests of two medicinal crops. Integrated pest management is required to control these thrips species, and will enhance the yield and quality of C. officinale and L. chuanxiong.

Background: Ginseng produced by hydroponics can be cultivated without using agricultural chemicals; thus, it can be used as a raw materials for functional foods, medicines, and cosmetics. This study aimed to determine the optimal harvesting time to obtain the highest levels of ginsenoside and ginseng, as this was not previously unknown. Methods and Results: One-year-old organic ginseng seedlings were transplanted and cultivated using hydroponics for 150 days in a venlo-type greenhouse, using ginseng nursery bed soil and a nutrient solution (NO3 −-N; 6.165, P; 3.525, K; 5.625, Ca; 4.365, Mg; 5.085, S; 5.31 mEq/ℓ). Ginsenoside content and fresh and dry weights were higher at 120 days after transplanting than at 30, 60, 90, and 150 days. Total ginsenoside content was 11.86 times higher in the leaf and stem than in the root at 120 days after transplanting. Ginsenosides F1, F2, F3, and F5 were detected in ginseng leaves and stems. These chemical compounds are known to be effective in altering skin properties, including whitening, anti-inflammation, and anti-aging. Conclusions: Optimal harvesting time for ginseng cultivated using hydroponics was 120 days after transplanting when the biomass and ginsenoside content were highest.

Background : A major medicinal plant, Angelica gigas Nakai, have using root parts and mainly cultivated the cool temperature region of high alpine as wild type in the northeast of China, Japan and Korea. The roots of grow it’s rapidly form August, and harvested from October to November. This study performed that the growth characteristics on soil mulching vegetation cultivation field of 300 m altitude of under Larix leptolepis (S. et Z.) Gordon in Bonghwa-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do. Methods and Results : After one-year seeding of the same size (7 - 8 ㎜) were transplanted in three types soil mulching of cultivation (plastic, straw and non-mulching) overground growth surveyed in three times (May to August), To confirm of soil condition compared the average. Soil condition of plot were observed to pH 5.56, OM 3.22%, T-N 017%, and growth increment were higher observed to that straw and non-mulching then plastic mulching of such as plant length 46.8 ㎝, stem diameter 5.9 ㎜, leaf length 24.4 ㎝ and width 28.9 ㎝, number of radical leaf 3.1. But from August, when the average temperature was high, the growth characteristics such as plant length, petiole Length, leaf length and width were reversed compared to those of plastic and non-mulching. Conclusion : In case of cultivation of A. gigas in the environmental conditions of mountainous area, considering the growth from August to October when the roots growth bigger, It suggested that strew mulching is better than plastic and non-mulching, would be done through further research on underground growth characteristics of A. gigas according to harvesting time confirmed the relationship to the growth characteristics of A. gigas according to environmental conditions and soil mulching mountainous plantations.

Background : Two major forest medicinal resources, Korean angelica (Angelica gigas Nakai) and Cnidii rhizoma (Cnidium officnale Makino) were used as medicinal herbs for long times and in these day consumed as cosmetic materials. For keep pace with a mass demand and supply, pesticides were should be sprayed for control of pests and plant diseases. However, the social concerns on well-balanced life, pesticides safety, and continuous and stable production of clean non-timber products were increased with the times. Therefore, environmental-friendly cultivation was increased before decade. This study performed for selection of effective control agents to hyphal growth of leaf spot and anthracnose in two medicinal resources. Methods and Results : The antifungal effects of eugneol, pine needle E.O, and 7 natural product extracts (Sophora root, green tea, neem, eucalyptus, grapefruit seed, derris, and 36% rosin) were evaluated against two plant pathogens (Phoma sp., and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides). After re-loading of each 20 ㎕ natural product extracts to the PDA plate which loaded two spore dilution (106 spores/㎖) 100 ㎕, the hyphal growth control effects to pathogens were confirmed. Among 9 control agents, eugenol and pine needle E.O were the most effective, and then Sophora root, green tea, and neem. However, 4 agents (eucalyptus, 36% rosin, grapefruit seed, and derris) were not effective. Conclusion : It confirmed that possibility as a control agents of eugenol and pine needle E.O to leaf spot (Phoma sp.) of Korean angelica and anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides) of Cnidii rhizoma, respectively. We will be developed as commercial products safe in the forest lands