This study is done as a comparison analysis on existing studies on analysis and interpretations of solenoids. When there is no power in a solenoid valve, a flow passage is formed from a pressurized ports, Pc, to Ps, which are connected to a crankcase of a pressurizer. An inlet to Pc port is varied in three different sizes: 3.8 ㎜(Type-1), 4.0 ㎜(Type-2) and 4.2 ㎜(Type-3). It is determined that there will be changes in coolant flow into the solenoid valve and the flow properties from Pc port to Ps port are compared and analyzed. As the results, the flow demonstrates the maximum speed of 500 ㎧, 46 ㎧ and 433 ㎧ with 0.2 ㎫ for the inflow pressure and the maximum speed of 1400 ㎧, 129 ㎧ and 1200 ㎧ with 1.5 ㎫ for the inflow pressure.

In this paper, we analyzed the characteristics of the mass flow rate and velocity of the refrigerant in response to a change in the number of holes and the diameter size(Type-1～4) of the valve guide refrigerant to flow from Pc to Ps when the pressure is constant. Type-1 is 40% higher mass flow flowing in the direction of Ps as compared with the Pc mass flow rate. Type-2 is 64% higher mass flow flowing in the direction of Ps as compared with the Pc mass flow rate. Type-3 is 50% higher mass flow flowing in the direction of Ps as compared with the Pc mass flow rate. Type-4 is 47% higher mass flow flowing in the direction of Ps as compared with the Pc mass flow rate.

This paper carried out a comparative analysis with papers on the analysis and analytic research of conventional solenoid. In case the current of solenoid valve is cut off, a flow path is formed from pressure port (Pc) connected with the crankcase of compressor to Ps port. At this time, the size of Pc port hole was so adjusted (Type-2) that it was smaller than 4.0mm(Type-1) of original hole by 0.2mm. After that, it was thought that an effect would be produced on the flow change of refrigerant which came into the solenoid vale, therefore the flow characteristics in moving from Pc port to Ps port was predicted and comparatively analyzed. According to the results of flow analysis, a velocity of approximately 46m/s and 129m/s was shown at the maximum in case of 0.2 and 1.5 MPa in Type-1, and the maximum velocity of approximately 500m/s and 1400m/s was shown in case of Type-2.

In this paper, the current of ECV block is connected to compressor crankcase on which the Pc port of Ps port Euro is formed(Type-1). Pc Port Internal Bellows are supposed to be affected by changes at the flow of refrigerant to the solenoid valve inside inhalation. There is Ps port at the direction of flow characteristic in predicting and analyzing. At suction pressures of 0.2MPa and 1.5MPa, maximum flow rates become 46m/s and 129m/s respectively. The refrigerant is discharged by compressor rotation around the axis of rotation from the inflow of port(Pd)(Type-2). By predicting and analyzing inlet flow, suction pressures become 2.7MPa and 3.6 MPa when maximum flow rates of 177.5m/s and 205m/s are affected on Pc ports of Euros with pressures of 1.2KPa and 3.8KPa respectively. This study result can be applied as the basic data for design of ECV.

In this paper, the vibrational characteristic of electronic solenoid structure for vehicle is analyzed by using ADAMS as commercial multi-body dynamics analysis program. This study model is made with CATIA V5R18 as 3D computer-aided design program and analyzed with rigid body mode in ADAMS. To fulfill the vibration analysis, the result value of solenoid structure is suggested.

Water, plankton, blood and liver of crucian carp (Carassius auratus) and mandarin fish (Siniperca cherzeri) samples from 5 freshwater ecosystems in 3 major rivers of Korea including Nam Han River, Nakdong River and Yeongsan River were collected.

본 연구는 우리나라 고유의 유전자원인 재래산양의 체내수정란 생산기술을 확립하고자 수행하였다. 흡입법(aspiration)과 세절법(slicing)에 의해 난소 한 개당 회수된 난자의 수는 3.9개와 4.1개를 나타내어 slicing방법이 aspiration방법보다는 많은 숫자의 난자를 회수하였으나 유의적인 차이는 나타내지 않았다. 회수된 난자의 등급별 분포는 aspiration방법에서 Grade I, Grade II, Grade III, Grade IV

한국 재래산양 체내수정란 생산에 대한 발정동기화 및 과배란 유도방법과 회수된 수정란의 동결 융해 후 생존율을 조사하였다. 발정동기화를 위해 CIDR+FSH 및 CIDR+PMSG의 방법을 이용한 결과, 배란점 및 회수된 수정란의 수는 CIDR+FSH 처리구에서 16.3개 및 9.4개, CIDR+PMSG 처리구에서 16.4개 및 8.7개를 나타내어 두 처리구간에 유의적 차이는 인정되지 않았다. 회수된 수정란을 형태학적으로 평가한 결과 CIDR+FSH 처리구

Four seed vetch (Vicia tetrasperma), a biennial native leguminous plant, was used for a cover crop with different quantity of sowed seeds. Weed suppression and yield were evaluated for the red pepper cultivation in the following year of the vetch seeding. Seeding of 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.5, and 6.0 kg 10 a suppressed weed occurrences until late in the growing season of the red pepper. Consequently, red pepper in the cover cropping system with seeding of 3.0, 4.5, and 6.0 kg 10 a- I had a similar yield to the conventional red pepper. The ideal seed rate in four seed vetch was 3.0 and 4.5 kg 10 a ’ in terms of reducing weed occurrence as well as increasing growth and yield in red pepper.

A. arguta is found nationwide whether the altitude is low or high if good drainage is achieved with plenty of water. The distribution of A. polygama seems to be more limited to higher altitude than A. arguta so it can be found in deep valley of highland even in Mt. Halla. A. kolomikta seems rather limited to colder area than A. arguta to Mt. Jiri to the south. Meanwhile, A. rufa is very confined to southern islands including Jeollanamdo and Jeju islands. Some institutes still continue to utilize Korean native Actinidia plants commercially since early 1980"s. More collaborative efforts are needed for further development of these plants nationwide.

Telomeres are the end of chromosomes and consist of a tandem repeat sequence of (TTAGGG)n and associated proteins. Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein which act as a template for the synthesis of telomeric DNA. Telomeres are essential for chromosome stability and are related with cell senescence, apoptosis and cancer. Even though telomeres and telomerase have been studied extensively, very little is known about telomere dynamics in embryonic cells. This study was carried out to analyze the telomeres distribution and telomerase activity of chicken cells during embryonic and developmental stages. The target cells for analysing were sperms, ovulated ova, early embryonic cells and the cells from brain, heart, liver, kidney and germinal tissue in fetus. Telomeres distribution on target cells was analyzed by Q-FISH (Quantitation-Fluorescence in situ Hybridization) techniques using a chicken telomere repeat probe. Telomerase activity was performed by TRAP assay (Telomeric repeat Amplification Protocol) with target DNA. In results, the telomeres of chicken were found at the ends of all chromosomes. In addition, chicken had interstitial telomeres on chromosomes 1, 2 and 3. Telomerase activity was highly detectable in early embryonic cells, germinal tissues and kidney cells. Whereas telomerase activity was gradually down-regulated when the organs, including brain, heart, and liver, were developed from embryos. In the distribution of telomeric DNA on the embryonic and developmental stages, most of the cells was gradually decreased in telomere quantity during ontogenesis.