Background: Kinesio taping is being applied to improve ankle dorsiflexion in stroke patients. Currently, the elasticity of kinesio taping is applied in various ways. Objectives: To investigated the effect of tibialis anterior kinesio taping elasticity level on gait speed in stroke patients. Design: A randomized cross-over pilot study. Methods: A total of 12 study subjects were allowed to experience three conditions within a single group. The three conditions are strong elastic taping condition, weak elastic taping condition, and non-elastic taping condition. Study subjects were randomly assigned to each condition sequentially. For the evaluation, gait variables (cadence, gait speed, stride length) were measured 24 hours after applying the taping appropriate for each condition. Results: The strong elastic taping condition significantly increased gait variables compared to the weak elastic taping and non-elastic taping conditions (P<.05). Weak elastic taping significantly increased gait variables compared to non-elastic taping (P<.05). Conclusion: As tibialis anterior kinesio taping elasticity increased, gait variables significantly improved in stroke patients.

The successful implementation of green supply chain management(GSCM) practices requires a level of cooperation that can be difficult to conduct. Despite this challenge, limited scholarly attention has been paid to exploring how the implementation of GSCM practices can be effectively facilitated and enhanced through accumulated social capital with suppliers. Based on social capital theory, this study postulates that supplier network characteristics derived from social capital with key suppliers can be critical antecedents of GSCM, which in turn enhances the firm’s environmental performance. To test hypotheses, data were collected from 330 firms in 15 countries, and structural equation modeling was employed. Results show that GSCM improves environmental performance, and structural and cognitive social capitals of the supplier network act as antecedents and lead to GSCM implementation.

The present study examined the receptive and productive knowledge of collocations of second language (L2) and heritage speakers of Korean and also investigated the influence of phrasal frequency, exposure to Korean, and phonological short-term memory (PSTM). Seventeen L2 learners and 14 heritage speakers of Korean were tested on 30 Korean noun-verb collocations, which varied in phrasal frequency, using an acceptability judgment task and a collocation completion test. The results showed that both L2 and heritage speakers demonstrated considerable receptive knowledge of Korean collocations while productive knowledge was more limited for both groups. The mixed-effects modelling results of four independent variables of interest (i.e., phrasal frequency, exposure via media, academic use, and PSTM) showed that phrasal frequency was the only significant predictor of receptive knowledge of collocations for both L2 and heritage speakers; none of the four factors had a significant impact on productive knowledge of collocations for either group. These data are discussed in relation to previous studies on collocation development of L2 learners and heritage speakers.

Forest fires produce various particulate organic matters (POMs) derived from the incomplete combution process of biomass. The POMs deposited in soil and sediments can affect the physicochemical properties of the subsurface environments. This study investigated the sorption and transport behavior of cesium (Cs) in soil-groundwater environment after wildfire. Soil samples were collected at two locations (GS1 & GS2) in Gangwon Province, Korea, at different depths (~5, ~20, and ~40 cm). The sampling site, where a large-scale forest fire occurred in 2017, was damaged almost 252 ha of forest. The soil characteristics were determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), total organic carbon (TOC) analysis and organic petrography, and batch and fixed-bed column experiments were performed to evaluate the Cs uptake and retardation. The XRD patterns of the soils indicated that the mineral compositions of soils were quartz, feldspars (e.g., orthoclase & albite) with minor muscovite/illite. Quartz and feldspars were abundant in all studied soils, and GS2 sample contained higher feldspars and phyllosilicate minerals than the GS1. The TOC contents were high (7–8wt%) in the topsoils, decreasing with depth. The SEM and organic petrographic analyses showed that various organic carbon particles such as textinite, ulminite, fusinite (charcoal) and char existed. Presence of charcoal and char is the evidence of wildfires, even though their amount was few. Batch sorption experiments revealed that the Kd value decreased non-linearly as the Cs concentrations increased, and the sorption isotherms were fitted well with the Freundlich model. The Kd values of each soil were much greater in topsoils compared to subsoils at all experimental Cs concentrations. In particular, the GS1 topsoil had higher sorption capacity for cesium than GS2 subsoils, although it had low phyllosilicate mineral contents with realtively rich organic matter. The breakthrough curve of column experiments with high concentration (C0 ≈ 1×105 μg·L−1) also exhibited remarkable Cs retardation phenomena in topsoils. Their retardation factors (Rf,Cs) were max. 4 times greater than those of subsoils, showing Rf,Cs ≈ 43 to 45 for topsoils. At low concentration (C0 ≈ 1×104 μg·L−1), the Rf,Cs of topsoils (≈ 284 to 374) was slightly greater than that of subsoils (≈ 270 to 271). These results imply that POMs caused by wildfires can play important role on the Cs sorption and transport in the subsurface environments.

목적 : 안경광학과 대학생을 대상으로 코로나19 상황에서 코로나19와 관련된 안경과 콘택트렌즈의 착용 및 관리에 관한 지식수준을 파악하고자 하였다. 방법 : 2020년 10월부터 12월까지 온라인 설문조사에 응답한 자료 중에서 코로나19에 감염 경험이 없는 118명을 대상으로 하였다. 대상자들의 평균 연령은 22.52±2.21세로 남자가 49명(41.5%) 이었다. 연구 도구는 대상자의 일반적인 특성, 코로나19와 관련된 안경 착용(0~1점), 콘택트렌즈 착용(0~1점) 및 관리(0~2점)에 대한 항목으로 총 30문항의 설문지를 이용하였다. 결과 : 대상자들의 코로나19와 관련된 안경 착용의 지식수준은 평균 0.72점, 콘택트렌즈 착용은 평균 0.89점, 그리고 콘택트렌즈 관리는 평균 1.77점으로 나타났다. 코로나19의 감염관리 수칙으로 ‘안경 착용 전에 올바른 손 씻기’에 ‘그렇다’라고 대답한 경우는 96.6%로 매우 높았으나 ‘안경은 안구의 감염 보호 장비가 아니다’는 44.9%로 낮은 점수를 보였다. ‘콘택트렌즈의 관리 수칙을 잘 지키면 건강한 착용자에게 안전하고 좋은 시력교정의 방법이 다’라는 항목에 90.7%의 대상자가 ‘그렇다’라고 답했다. 이와 대조적으로, 세부적인 관리 수칙인 ‘렌즈의 삽입과 제거 전 올바른 손 씻기’, ‘매달 렌즈 케이스의 교체’, ‘질병이 있는 착용자는 잠시 동안 렌즈 착용을 중단한다’라는 항목은 각각 69.5%, 64.4%, 그리고 64.4가 ‘그렇다’라고 응답하였다. 결론: 코로나19와 관련된 안경광학과 대학생의 안경과 콘택트렌즈의 지식수준을 확인하였다. 일반적인 손 위생 관리 수칙은 높은 점수를 보였으나 그와 대조적으로 세부적이며 전문적인 항목은 교육이 필요함을 알 수 있었다.

목적 : 한국 성인에서 성별과 연령에 따른 전안부 계측치(전방깊이와 전방각)를 평가하고자 하였다. 방법 : 평균 연령 35.38±15.75(20∼68)세의 92명 160안을 대상으로 하였다. 회전 샤임플러그 카메라(Pentacam, Oculus, Wetzlar, German)를 이용하여 안구 전안부를 측정하였다. 촬영된 샤임플러그 이미지에서 전방깊이와 전 방각의 평균값과 네 지점(상측, 하측, 코측, 그리고 귀측)에서의 방향별 측정값을 평가하였다. 결과 : 전체 대상자의 전방깊이는 평균 2.97±0.39 mm로 연령이 증가할수록 전방깊이가 얕아졌다. 코측(1.87± 0.39 mm)과 상측(1.85±0.39 mm)은 귀측(2.29±0.40 mm)과 하측(2.20±0.41 mm)보다 통계적으로 유의하게 얕 은 전방깊이를 보였으며, 4방향에서 모두 20대에서 60대로 갈수록 점차 전방깊이가 얕아졌다. 전방각은 평균 36.44± 6.76°로 연령이 증가할수록 전방각이 좁아졌다. 상측(34.23±7.52°)과 하측(33.27±6.76°)은 코측(38.28±7.28°) 과 귀측(39.98±7.13°)보다 통계적으로 유의하게 좁은 전방각을 보였으며, 4방향에서 모두 20대에서 60대로 갈수 록 점차 전방각이 좁아졌다. 결론 : 연령이 증가함에 따라 전방깊이는 얕아지고 전방각은 좁아졌으며, 연령증가에 따른 방향별 감소의 경향 이 다르게 나타났다.

목적 : 한국 초등학생의 안축장 분포를 조사하고, 오전과 오후 측정시간에 따른 안축장의 차이를 관찰하였다. 방법 : 단면연구로 서울지역에 거주하는 12~13세(평균 연령: 12.4±0.3세, 여: 17명)의 34명 34안을 대상으로 하였다. 부분결합간섭 측정계를 이용하여 안축장을 측정하였고, 굴절이상도는 개방형 자동굴절력계를 이용하였다. 일일 동안 4시간 간격으로 오전 9시와 오후 1시에 두 번 안축장을 측정하였다. 결과 : 성별에 따른 안축장의 차이는 없었다(AM: 남, 24.24±1.19 mm; 여, 24.04±0.94 mm, p=0.578, PM: 남, 24.29±1.13 mm, 여, 24.18±0.85 mm, p=0.750). 오전과 오후에 측정된 안축장은 유의한 양의 상관성을 보였다(r2=0.949, p<0.001). 안축장은 오전 9시(24.18±1.08 mm)와 오후 1시(24.25±1.00 mm)에 관찰되었다(p=0.709). 그러나 안축장의 차이는 0.07±0.34 mm로 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다. 결론 : 안축장은 전반적으로 오전 보다 오후에 길게 측정 되었지만 측정시간에 따라 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다.

Recent study showed that T cells in the immune organs and peripheral blood are influenced by estradiol, leading to a dysfunction of the immune system. However, little is known about the thymic-gonadal relationship during the estrous cycle in mouse. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to elucidate the mechanism by which a change in estradiol levels during the estrous cycle regulates the development of T cells in the mouse thymus. Six-week-old ICR mice were used and divided into four groups, including diestrous, proestrous, estrous, and metestrous. We first confirmed that ER-α and - β estrogen receptors were expressed in thymic epithelial cells, showing that their expression was not different during the estrous cycle. There was also no significant difference in thymic weight and total number of thymocytes during the estrous cycle. To determine the degree of thymocyte differentiation during the estrous cycle, we analyzed thymocytes by flow cytometry. As a result, the percentage of CD4+CD8+ double-positive (DP) T cells was significantly decreased in the proestrous phase compared to the diestrous phase. However, CD4+CD8- or CD4-CD8+ (SP) T cells were significantly increased in the proestrous phase compared to the diestrous phase. In addition, the percentage of CD44+CD25- (DN1) T cells was significantly decreased in the estrous phase compared to other phases, whereas the percentages of CD44+CD25+ (DN2), CD44-CD25+ (DN3), and CD44-CD25- (DN4) were not changed during the estrous cycle. These results indicate that the development of thymocytes may arrest in the DP to SP transition stage in the proestrous phase displaying the highest serum level of estradiol. This study suggests that a change in estradiol levels during the estrous cycle may be involved in the regulation of thymocyte differentiation in the mouse thymus.