서양종 꿀벌의 일벌의 독을 채취하여 정제한 정제봉독에 대한 세균에서의 돌연변이 유발성 검색을 위하여 S. typhimurium의 히스티딘 요구성 균주 TA100, TA1535, TA98, 그리고 TA1537의 균주와 대장균 E. coli의 트립토 판 요구성 균주인 WP2 uvrA를 이용해 복귀돌연변이시험 을 실시하였다. 정제봉독은 부형제로 사용한 멸균생리식 염수에 용해되었으며 모든 농도군의 조제물에서 침전은 관찰되지 않았으며, 정제봉독 조제물을 top agar와 혼합할 때 모든 농도군에서 혼탁이나 침전이 관찰되지 않았다. 대사활성계 적용 TA100, TA1535, TA98 균주에 대해 0, 1.5, 5, 15, 50, 150 및 500 μg/plate의 범위를 설정하고 미 적용시엔 0, 0.15, 0.5, 1.5, 5, 15 및 50 μg/plate의 범위로 설 정하였다. TA1537과 WP2 uvrA균주에 대한 농도 범위은 대사활성계 적용시엔 0, 5, 15, 50, 150, 500 및 1,500를 미 적용시엔 0, 1.5, 5, 15, 50, 150 및 500 μg/plate 범위로 설정하여 시험을 수행하였다. 그 결과 모든 시험균주에서 대사활성계 적용 여부에 상관없이 정제봉독 처리군 의 평균 집락 수는 증가를 나타내지 않았으며, 양성판정 기준을 만족시키지 못하였다. 따라서, 정제봉독은 본 시험 조건 하에 사용한 시험 균주에 복귀돌연변이를 유발하지 않는 것으로 사료되었다.

In this study, we investigated and compared some chemical properties of Korean natural honeys and sugar-fed honeys for their quality characteristics. The natural honey samples were monofloral from chestnut and acacia flowers, and the sugar-fed honey samples were collected from honeybees feeding on sugar cane and sugar beet. The chemical properties of the honey samples, such as moisture, total protein, total lipids, ash, carbohydrate, minerals, vitamins, and free amino acids were determined. The moisture content was 18.5±0.9% in natural acacia honey, 17.2±0.9% in natural chestnut honey, 19.6±0.9% in sugar cane-fed honey, and 24.8±% in sugar beet-fed honey. The total protein and ash contents were the highest in natural chestnut honey. Maltose and sucrose were not detected in natural honeys but were detected at 2~7% in sugar-fed honeys. The vitamin, mineral, and free amino acids contents of natural honeys were higher than sugar-fed honeys. The natural chestnut honey is the highest in honeys. These results confirmed that the quality of natural honey was better than that of sugar-fed honey. Also, the vitamin, mineral, and free amino acids contents are potential characteristics for distinguishing between natural and sugar-fed honeys.

Propolis possesses antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anaesthetic and immunostimulating activities. The aim of this study was to evaluated chemical composition and in vitro anti-Helicobacter pylori activity of eight propolis ethanolic extracts form different region in Korea. The chemical composition of eight Korean propolis was investicated by absorption spectrophotomety and UHPLC. Total penolic and total flavonoids content ranged between 21±1.5 and 31±1.8 gallic acid g/100 g and 7.2±0.9 and 24.4±1.9 quercetin g/100 g, respectively. The p-coumaric acid as standard components content ranged between 0.29±0.00 and 2.34±0.02 mg/g using UHPLC. Cinnamic acid content between 0.43±0.00 and 1.33±0.01 mg/g. 80% ethanolic extract of propolis against H. pylori was evaluated by using the disc diffusion method. Ethanol was used as a control. Mean diameters of H. pylori growth inhibition using 10 μg/mL, 50 μg/mL or 100 μg/mL ethanol propolis per disc were 0, ranging from 0.9 to 2.1 mm and from 1.9 to 3.5 mm, respectively. In conclusion, variation in the chemical composition of Korean propolis were mainly due to the difference in the preferred regional plants visited by honeybees. Also Korean propolis possesses considerable antibacterial activity against H. pylori. There was not confirmed a correlation between the chemical composion contens and anti-H. pylori effect. The potential of propolis in the prevention or treatment of H. pylori infection is worth further extensive evaluation.