This study was conducted to investigate the changes in the frequency of use, users’ behaviour and satisfaction of Seonhaksan and Bibongsan mountains near city center improved through the park and green spaces projects implemented by Jinju City Hall from 2004 to 2016. The number of visitors per day was measured by observation surveys in 2004 and 2016. The users’ behaviour and satisfaction were measured by questionnaires in 2004 and 2017. The collected data were analyzed by frequency analysis and independent sample t-test. The number of visitors per day increased about two times on weekdays and more than 2.5 times on weekends in 2016 than in 2004. Relatively the number of male visitors increased more than that of female visitors. The share of elderly visitors has increased and the number of visitors who live out of 1 km radius has increased. The goals of visit were changed from hiking or walking to various recreational activities, and the number of users visiting by car increased. The number of visits and the duration of visit has decreased. The inconveniences of trails and exercise facilities were significantly reduced, and the necessity of family recreational facilities fulfilled. The necessity of outdoor learning facilities and programs has not been recognized. Comprehensively, the results indicate that the recreational quality of Seonhaksan and Bibongsan mountains has improved. Further implementation of target-oriented parks and green spaces will be necessary in the future.

As a part of research to improve the satisfaction of residents on natural recreation forests near/within a city, the recognition of the residents was investigated and evaluated by using five-point Likert scale or frequency analysis for the plan of Mt. Wora natural recreation forest in Jinju city, which included the awareness, importance, preference, and visit intention of the residents. Until now, the personal goals of most visitors at Mt. Wora have been exercising or walking, and showed different from those of visitors at recreation forests with lots of recreational facilities and natural resources. Also the satisfaction was 3.6 and tended to be lower than that at natural recreation forests. The awareness and necessity of natural recreation forest were 3.3 and 4.0 respectively. As a result, the awareness was lower than the necessity though most respondent (84.5%) had already visited and experienced natural recreation forest before this survey. In the importance of facilities and programs, recreation/relaxation places, family accommodation, education, and leisure and sports were 4.2, 3.7, 3.7, and 3.4 respectively. The result shows a feature that the education was equal/similar to the family accommodation and the leisure and sports was over 3.0. In the preference of the types of accommodation and outdoor stay, the frequency of bungalow was 57.4% and higher than others. And then the frequency of autocamping and glamping were 36.5% and 32.9% respectively, and higher than that of camping. It indicates that users prefer more convenient types to typical/common types. The awareness and necessity of forest culture education were 3.1 and 4.1 respectively. The awareness of leisure and sports facilities was 3.2. The preference of adventures (zip line, eco-adventure etc.) was 3.4 and higher than those of others.

This study was carried out to assess the covering of 11 Sedum species on an extensive green roof system under the urban climate of South Korea for 2 years. The eleven Sedum species which came up to the criteria were selected: S. acre, S. album, S. kamtschaticum, S. oryzifolium, S. polystichoides, S. reflexum, S. rupestre, S. sarmentosum, S. sexangulare, S. spurium, and S. telephium. The plants were planted in the extensive green roof system with the substrate of porous glass+bark+field soil (v:v:v, 3:2:5) and then evaluated. The covering area of the Sedum species were about 72㎠ at the start after the establishment. When a year had passed since the systems were established, S. acre, S. oryzifolium and S. sexangulare maintained 200-500㎠/plant of covering area and the others maintained 800-1200㎠/plant. Most covering area increased continuously for about two years and showed a large quantity of increment in summer season with the exception of S. kamtschaticum, S. polystichoides, S. sarmentosum, and S. telephium, whose above-parts were not alive in winter.

This study as a part of an extensive green roof system development was carried out to assess the heat tolerance of 11 species Sedum spp. on the extensive green roof system: S. kamtschaticum, S. oryzifolium, S. polystichoides, S. sarmentosum, S. acre, S. album, S. reflexum, S. rupestre, S. sexangulare, S. spurium, and S. telephium. Electrolyte leakage evaluation was used to estimate the heat tolerance level of each Sedum at 40°C, 45°C, 47.5°C, 50°C, 52.5°C, 55°C, and 57.5°C. The critical temperatures at the midpoints of sigmoidal curves fitted through electrolyte leakage (EL) were predicted with the range of 54.0°C to 65.2°C. S. album, S. telephium, and S. sexangulare were more tolerant of high temperature than the others. In field condition, the heat tolerance of 11 species Sedum spp. applied to the suggested extensive green roof system was also estimated by EL evaluation. The EL (%) values of 11 species Sedum spp. subjected to maximum temperature (46.7°C) recorded during the experimental periods were lower than 50% except S. kamtschaticum and S. spurium. Especially, S. album, S. rupestre, and S. telephium were ranked higher than the others in heat tolerance. The most Sedum spp. would show good heat tolerance on the extensive green roof system if the maximum temperature on rooftop was below 50°C in summer season.

본 연구는 원예치료 프로그램이 시각장애인의 우울과 자아존중 감에 미치는 효과를 구명하고자 수행되었다. 고성군 시각장애인 주 간보호센터를 이용하는 노인들 중에서 참여의사를 밝힌 10명(남 성 5명, 여성 5명)을 연구대상자로 선정하였고, 원예치료는 단일집 단 전후설계로 4월~6월 중에 사정, 계획, 실행, 평가 과정으로 수행 하였으며, 그 결과는 다음과 같았다. 실시 전과 실시 후의 우울은 각 각 45.7±7.7과 43.7±6.3으로 통계적 유의차를 나타냈고, 자아존 중감은 각각 23.5±6.0과 27.5±1.5로 통계적 유의차를 나타냈으며, 우울과 자아존중감은 음(-)의 상관을 나타냈다. 총 12회의 원예치 료 프로그램을 통하여 ‘참여성’, ‘관심 및 조력성’, ‘욕구-충동적 적 응력’이 통계적으로 유의성 있게 증가하였고, ‘대인관계 능력’, ‘숙 련도와 직업적응력’이 증가하는 경향을 나타냈다. ‘숙련도와 직업 적응력'은 우울, ‘대인관계 능력’, ‘욕구-충동적 적응력’과 통계적 유의차를 가지는 상관을 나타냈고, ‘욕구-충동적 적응력'은 우울, ‘숙련도와 직업적응력‘, ‘대인관계 능력’, ‘관심 및 조력성’과 통계 적 유의차를 가지는 상관을 나타냈다. ‘참여성(P)’은 우울, ‘숙련도 와 직업적응력(LV)’, ‘욕구-충동적 적응력(NA)’과 통계적 유의차 를 가지는 상관을 나타내지 않았다. 우울의 증감을 종속변수로 설 정하고 원예활동 구성요소들의 증감을 독립변수로 설정하여 회귀 분석한 결과에서 ‘숙련도와 직업적응력’은 가장 좋은 설명력을 가 지는 변수로 숙련도와 직업적응력이 향상될 때 우울이 통계적으로 유의성 있게 감소함을 알 수 있었고, ‘참여성’은 그 다음으로 설명 력을 가지는 변수로 참여성이 증가할 때 우울이 통계적으로 유의성 있게 증감함을 알 수 있다. 따라서 시각장애 노인의 우울 감소 및 자 아존중감 향상에 원예치료 프로그램이 유의적인 효과를 가지며, 향 후 시각장애 노인의 우울 감소를 위한 원예활동 프로그램의 설계 및 실행에서 ‘숙련도와 직업적응력‘과 ‘참여성’을 주요하게 고려 하는 것이 필요하다.

4가지 인공배합토 모두는 용적밀도와 포장용수량을 고려할 때에 초본류를 적용한 저관리․경량형 옥상녹화뿐만 아니라 관목류를 적용한 혼합형 또는 관리․중량형 옥상녹화에도 활용 가능할 것이다. 전반적으로 시간이 경과하며 인공배합토 모두는 산성화되며 펄라이트 소립과 펄라이트 소립+일반토양(v/v, 2:1)은 적정한 수준을 나타냈고, 세라소일과 세라소일+자연토양(부피비, 2:1)은 알칼리성을 나타냈다. 펄라이트 소립과 펄라이트 소립+일반토양(v/v, 2:1)은 유기물 함량이 낮게 나타났다. 식재 후 1년이 경과한 후에 4가지 인공배합토 모두는 척박하며 건전한 생육을 저해할 것으로 판단된다. 식재 후 1년이 경과한 후에 4가지 인공배합토에서 자란 3종의 상록활엽수는 먼저 6개월이 경과한 후에서의 식물체와 비교하여 불량한 생육을 보였고, 4가지 인공배합토 상호간에도 서로 다른 생육특성을 나타냈다. 구체적으로 다정큼나무는 세라소일, 세라소일+일반토양(v/v, 2:1)에서 상대적으로 높은 생육량을 나타냈고, 남천은 4종의 인공배합토 모두에서 일반토양과 비교하여 상대적으로 낮은 생육량을 나타냈으며, 영산홍은 펄라이트, 펄라이트+일반토양(v/v, 2:1)에서 상대적으로 높은 생육량을 나타냈다. 이것은 보다 건전한 식물생육을 유도하기 위해서 각각의 상록활엽관목의 생육특성을 고려한 인공배합토의 선정이 필요함을 의미한다고 해석할 수 있으며, 또한 보다 다양한 종류의 상록활엽관목을 옥상녹화에 도입하기 위하여 각각의 인공배합토에서 그 생육특성을 평가하는 것이 필요함을 보여주고 있다.