The purpose of this study is to reveal and compare the differences in the types and characteristics of purchase channel journeys of MZ generation consumers. In this study a survey was conducted on the purchase channel journey of 20 women in the MZ generation using the ethnographic method of in-depth interviews and observations. As a result, three purchase channel journeys were identified: mobile, multi-channel, and offline. These were variously subdivided according to the characteristics of the MZ generations. Gen Z’s journey was categorized into types: fashion platform app, Youtube, multi-channel supplement, multi-channel non-planned store visit, offline loyalty store, and impulsive offline store. Gen M’s journey was categorized as: an online community bond, portal site, online loyalty store, multi-channel brand involvement, multi-channel efficiency, a multi-channel conversion, offline efficiency and offline task. The difference in mobile journey between generations was found in the time and length of the purchase. Gen M recognized both online and offline search processes to be tiring, while Gen Z enjoyed the search process using the online path. In the offline journey Gen Z began with their own intention to purchase, while Gen M sometimes recognized that purchasing fashion products necessary for work was a cumbersome task.

In this paper, we investigate to determine quality characteristics, fatty acid composition and cytotoxic effect of extracts and fractions from whole Lycopus lucidus Turcz. roots. Additionally, we evaluated cytotoxic activity against the growth of human fibrosarcoma cells (HT-1080) and human gastric adenocarcinoma (AGS), human colon cancer cell (HT-29) lines using a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Acetone+methylene chloride (A+M) and methanol (MeOH) extracts from L. lucidus Turcz. were obtained through solvent extraction. Then we further fractionated both extracts with n-hexane, 85% aq. MeOH, n-butanol (n-BuOH) and water. In fatty acid composition, L. lucidus Turcz. contained 33.2% of 18:1n-9 and 1.81% of 18:3n-3, respectively. The incorporation of treatment with A+M and MeOH extracts and n-hexane, 85% aq. MeOH, n-butanol (n-BuOH) and water fractions dose-dependently increased cytotoxicity against the growth of HT-1080 and AGS, HT-29 cancer cells (p<0.05). The A+M extract had a higher inhibitory effect on the growth of all cancer cells in comparison to MeOH extract. Among the fractions, the 85% aq. MeOH and n-hexane fractions showed a higher inhibitory effect after proliferating the three cancer cells. These results suggest that the 85% aq. MeOH and n-hexane fractions have a potential to inhibit the growth of human cancer cell lines.

This research aims to shed a light on the benefits and perceived risks to the willingness to use perceived by consumers, centering on design-customizing service catering to individuals’ tastes and needs, and to study their impacts on the use of a design-customizing service. The validation of how benefits and perceived risks affect the intention to use showed that only aesthetic and self-expressive benefits had significant impacts on the willingness to use. However, only time/economic loss and self-design risks had negative impacts on the willingness to use a service. By gender, there was no difference in benefits and perceived risks to willingness to use for the benefit factors, whereas in terms of perceived risks to willingness to use factors. By age, there were also differences in the effects of benefits and perceived risks to purchase on the willingness to use a rash guard customizing service. There were variations in the perceived risks to the willingness to use and benefits depending on age. In particular, it was found that there were no perceived risks to the willingness to use for the age group of 10s. As design-customizing services based on individual tastes have drawn more attention recently, this research on the benefits and perceived risks to purchasing a rash guard design customizing service, as well as their effects on service use (particularly backed up by comparative analysis by gender and age), is expected to provide insights into design-customizing service strategy development.

내혼계 배추에서 BrSOS1 (3,432개 뉴클레오티드), BrSOS2 (1,341개 뉴클레오티드), BrSOS3 (666개뉴클레오티드) 유전자들을 동정하였으며, 담배를 대상으로 BrSOS3 완전장이 전이되는 pSO3 계통과 RNA interference(RNAi) 기법으로 담배 SOS3(NtSOS3) 유전자의 발현을 억제하는 pSI3 계통을 생산하였다. 두 계통을 200mM NaCl에서 5일동안 염 스트레스 처리를 한 결과, pSO3 계통은 NtSOS3의 발현이 비형질전환체 대비 2.5배 이상 증가하였고, pSI3 계통에서는 4배까지 감소하였다. 표현형 분석에서도 pSO3 계통은 정상적인 생육을 보임으로써 염 스트레스에 저항성을 가지는 것으로 나타났지만, pSI3 계통은 그렇지 못하였다. 위 결과들을 근거로 BrSOS3 유전자의 발현은 작물의 염 저항성 향상에 매우 밀접하게 연관된 것으로 판단된다.

Most of the commercial devices for vitrification are directly immersed into the warming solution (WS) for increasing of warming rate. However, the previous modified cut standard straw (MCS) which has reported is difficult to immerse into the WS. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the long cut straw (LCS) could be useful as a stable tool for vitrified-warmed human blastocysts. A total of 138 vitrified-warmed cycles were performed between November 2013 and November 2014 (exclusion criteria: women ≥38 years old, poor responder, surgical retrieval sperm, and severe male factor). The artificial shrinkage was conducted using 29-gauge needles. Ethylene glycol and dimethyl sulfoxide (7.5% and 15% (v/v)) were used as cryoprotectants. Freezing and warming were conducted using the LCS tool. The cap of LCS was removed using the forceps in the liquid nitrogen (LN2) and then directly immersed into the first WS for 1 min at 37℃ (1 M sucrose). Only re-expanded blastocysts were transferred after it was cultured in sequential media for 18-20 h. A total of 294 blastocysts were warmed, and all were recovered (100%). Two hundred eighty-five embryos were survived (96.9%). The vitrifiedwarmed blastocysts of all patients were transferred without any cancellation. We were able to achieve a reasonable implantation (24.2%), following by clinical pregnancy (36.2%), which then continued to ongoing pregnancy (36.2%), and live birth (31.2%). Using LCS is achieved the acceptable rates of survival, pregnancy and live birth. Therefore, the LCS could be considered as a stable and simple tool for human embryo vitrificaton.

Apple is a typical climacteric fruit, whose loss of firmness during storage is associated with internal levels of ethylene. MdACS1 (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase) and MdACO1 (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase) genes are characterized well as functional markers for the ethylene production of ripening apple fruit. Presence of two alleles for each gene are commonly reported in cultivated apples. MdACS1-1/1, 1-1/2 and 1-2/2 generally induce high, medium, and low ethylene production, respectively. Homozygosity of MdACO1-1 resulted in low levels of ethylene production than MdACO1-1/2 and 1-2/2. It was reported that cultivars homozygous for MdACS1-2 and MdACO1-1 had superior shelf-life with lowest ethylene production. In this study, genotypes of 42 apple cultivars including Korean-developed ones at MdACS1 and MdACO1 loci were determined. Polymorphisms were detected by PCR and were separated by electrophoresis in a 2.0% agarose gel. Of PCR products of MdACS1, the fragrament of 490 bp was corresponded to the MdACS1-1 allele and 640 bp corresponded to the MdACS1-2 allele. ACO1-1 and ACO1-2 alleles had the fragment size of 525 and 587 bp, respectively. The 42 cultivars could be grouped into three classes to each gene, MdACS1-1/1, MdACS1-1/2 and MdACS1-2/2; MdACO1-1/1, MdACO1-1/2 and MdACO1-2/2.