Considering the situation in the early 20th century when the existing urban system centered on urban areas began to change, the biggest factors causing urban structural changes in urban areas are construction of railroad and urban dismantling. The change process of Eupseong, in the microscopic viewpoint, can be understood as a process of change in the course of dismantlement of town's demarcation, improvement of accessibility and urban expansion due to the construction of railroads, process of urban expansion following the crumbling boundaries and structural changes. This study aimed to look at the transformation process of the Eupseong in the early 20th century, focusing on the demolition of the castle and the railway construction from a microscopic point of view of city.

Phenanthrene, one of Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with three aromatic rings, is a ubiquitous contaminant in the environment. Phenanthrene has been identified in ambient air, drinking water and sediment. We examined the effect of phenanthrene on steroi

The effects of the estrogenic compound 4-nonylphenol (4-NP) on vitellogenesis in juvenile olive flounder ( ) and rockfish ( ) exposed continuously at 10, 50 and levels for 7 days were compared. The expression of VTG mRNA level and protein using specific probes were examined. The levels of plasma estradiol-17 and testosterone (T) were assessed by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Plasma concentrations increased significantly in two female fish species exposed to of 4-NP over concentrations in control fish. Plasma T concentrations increased in . Four days after exposure, the level of VTG mRNA expression increased in and exposed to of 4-NP. In addition, plasma VTG protein expression was seen in and . In and exposed to 4-NP, the changes were noticed mainly in hepatocytic vaculation after 7 days of exposure. Thus, 4-NP may disrupt vitellogenesis in immature fish both directly and indirectly via disrupted steroidogenesis and liver pathology. Immature were the most sensitive to 4-NP exposure in vitellogenesis.

To investigate the possibility of brown rice and germinated brown rice as a functional food, the present study evaluates bio-active components of 70% ethanol extracts from brown rice and germinated brown rice of each 7 varieties. Reducing power have been used to investigate the relative antioxidant activities of extract. The contents of r-oryzanol was measured by spectrophotometric methods and vitamin E was carried out by HPLC. The mineral contents was also determined by ICP (Inductive Coupled Plasma) analysis method. In an anticancer test using NCl-H460 and MCF7 cell lines, the 70% EtOH extracts of brown rice and germinated brown rice showed inhibitory effect of approximately 30% against MCF cell lines (Breast cancer) at 100 ㎍/mL concentration. The extraction yield of tested brown rice and germinated brown rice were 2.05～3.80% and 1.36～3.32%, respectively. The r-oryzanol content from some germinated brown rice showed slightly higher than brown rice. The mean contents of most minerals were also higher in germinated brown rice than brown rice. However, vitamin E contents showed higher in brown rice than germinated brown rice except Keunnun, Hongjinju, Nokmi.