Engineered Barrier Systems (EBS) are a key element of deep geological repositories (DGR) and play an important role in safely isolating radioactive materials from the ecosystem. In the environment of a DGR, gases can be generated due to several factors, including canister corrosion. If the gas production rate exceeds the diffusion rate, pore pressures may increase, potentially inducing structural deterioration that impairs the function of the buffer material. Therefore, understanding the hydraulic-mechanical behavior of EBS due to gas generation is essential for evaluating the longterm stability of DGR. This study employed X-ray computed tomography (CT) technology to observe cracks created inside the buffer material after laboratory-scale gas injection experiments. After CT scanning, we identified cracks more clearly using an image analysis method based on machine learning techniques, enabling us to examine internal crack patterns caused by gas injection. In the samples observed in this study, no cracks were observed penetrating the entire buffer block, and it was confirmed that most cracks were created through the radial surface of the block. This is similar to the results observed in the LASGIT field experiment in which the paths of the gas migration were observed through the interface between the container and the buffer material. This study confirmed the applicability of high-resolution X-ray CT imaging and image analysis techniques for qualitative analysis of internal crack patterns and cracks generated by gas breakthrough phenomena. This is expected to be used as basic data and crack analysis techniques in future research to understand gas migration in the buffer material.

The engineered barrier system (EBS) is an indispensable element of a deep geological repository (DGR) designed to prevent the discharge of radioactive materials into the environment. The buffer material is a vital component of the EBS by creating a physical and chemical barrier that prevents the migration of radioactive materials. In the disposal environment, gases can be generated from the corrosion of the canister. When the gas generation rate exceeds the diffusion rate, the buffer material’s performance can deteriorate by the physical damage induced by the increase in pore pressure. Therefore, understanding the EBS’s behavior under gas generation conditions is crucial to guarantee the longterm safety and performance of the DGR. Lab-scale and field-scale experiments have been conducted to examine the stability of the buffer material concerning gas generation and movement by the previous researchers. To evaluate long-term stability for more than 100,000 years, it is essential to assess stability using a numerical model verified by these experiments. This study investigated the effect of interfacial characteristics on the numerical modeling accuracy of experimental simulation while verifying a numerical model through field-scale experimental results. The findings of this study are expected to furnish fundamental data for establishing numerical analysis guidelines for the longterm stability assessment of disposal systems.

Ever since China declared its economic reform and opening up policies in the late 1970s, it has been under rapid change. The modernization process of China's history and society was in progress at a pace far too fast in the middle of the 20th century, and housing sector was no exception. This study is based on the houses showing enough changes of modernization process in the rural area, and with a comparative analysis based on the field survey data conducted respectively in the present decade, considered the architectural elements and changing aspects of housing lifestyle. This paper will explore ① The changes and the status of the members of the village, ② The changes and the status of the structures, ③ The changes and the status of the main areas of housing, ④ The changes and the status of the heating system and the kitchen that crucially affects the space size among the housing facilities, and ⑤ The changes and the status of the bathroom. Through this analysis, this paper will firstly look at how traditional rural houses has been changed under the modernization process, and will objectively evaluate the modernization process of the traditional rural houses so that it will help find a way of improving China's rural houses in the future.

This studies was carried out to assess antioxidant activity between flavonoid compounds (rutin, qurcetin, luteolin) and maysin(2''-O-6-C-(6-deoxy-xylo-hexose-4ulosyl)luteolin) isolated from corn silks of Zea mays L. Maysin extracted by corn silks was the highest free radical scavenging among flavonoid compounds such as rutin, qurcetin, and luteolin. But, the other flavonoid compounds(luteolin) showed the strongest free radical scanverning activity. In the results of peroxidase activity(POD), maysin don't indicated the remarkable peroxidase inhibiton activities. At the lowest concentration, NBT(Nitro blue tetrazolium) reduction activity of rutin, qurcetin, and luteolin were the low inhibition activities but maysin showed the highest Nitro blue tetrazolium reduction activity. Lipid peroxidase inhibition activities using Thiobarbituric acid(TBA) method, maysin showed the highest lipid peroxidase inhibition in three concentration levels..