This study explored the effect of writing activity on EFL participants’ speaking performance. In order to attain this purpose, three research questions were presented; 1) What are the characteristics of learners’ writing? 2) How does their speaking fluency change during the writing sessions?, and 3) What is the effect of writing practice on learners’ speaking fluency, in terms of features of spoken grammar? Four college students participated in this study. Pre- and post-oral proficiency test scores, the participants’ writing products, and recorded data of their speaking performance were used for data analysis. Results of data analysis showed that, first, the more proficient participants were, the fewer the errors they made in their writing. Second, there was an increase in scores of intermediate- and beginning-level of students between the pre- and post- oral tests while the scores of advanced level of students did not show any differences between those two tests. Lastly, the result shows that the learners with higher proficiency in writing ability have higher recognition to the spoken grammar. Pedagogical implications are also made on the effective teaching of English writing and speaking in the Korean classroom setting.

The occurrence and rapid range expansion of a fulgorid, Lycorma delicatula(White), has recently been reported in korea. It was previously known to occur in China, Japan, Vietnam and India. The first occurrence fo L. delicatula was reported in 2004 in the Cheonan. It has one generation per year and overwinters as egg masses on the bark of host trees. The number of egg per egg mass was 32.69±6.49. The cumulative ratio of hatchability at different temperature was the highest at 25℃ and the lowest at 10, 30℃. The egg hatchability was investigated in different regions in Chung-buk. Since L. delicatula eggs has been stored in -20±1, 0±1, 5±1℃ conditions for 1 ∼60 days, the cumulative ratio of hatchability was 2% stored in -20±1℃ for 3days, But hatchability was 52, 48% stored in 0±1℃ for 3, 14days and 82, 68% stored in 5±1℃ for 3, 14days. And hatchability was 0% for 60days. By straight regression equation(the growth ratio/treatment degree) the growth zero degree of L. delicatula was 10.4℃. The hatchability of L. delicatula in Cheongwon-gun, Okcheon-gun, Cheongju-city where’s winter lowest temperature was over -19℃ was over 79%. But The hatchability of L. delicatula in Jincheon-gun where’s winter lowest temperature was less than -19℃(continuos two days) was 35%.

This study was investigated the seasonal occurrence of Metcalfe pruinosa (Say) in Chungbuk province and established the optimal control timing. Population densities of nymph and adults were investigated and egg hatching period and oviposition period was examined from three locations (Cheongwon, Jincheon, Eumseong area). Egg hatching period was investigated. The first day of egg hatching observed on May 25, the day of peak egg hatching was on May 29, and the perfect accumulative egg hatching ratio was on Jun. 13. Oviposition period of M. pruinosa female was observed the cut branch (cut within 10 cm length, 1 cm dia.) of oak tree, an althea, and an acacia under stereoscope. The first oviposition was observed at Jul. 28 and continually increased until late-Sept. with sharply increased at mid-Aug. Population density of M. pruinosa nymph was observed the cut branch (cut within 30 cm length, 1 cm dia.) of oak tree, an althea, an acacia, and pear tree. Population density began decreased showing after highest density with 25.3 (Jul. 1). The adult was first appeared at Jul. 11 and showed highest population density with 13.1 (Aug. 4) and then continuously decreased. To control M. pruinosa at pear orchard, optimal control timing for nymph was judged from Jun. 13 to Jul. 2, because of its small size of body and exuviae, low damaging by honeydew producing, low wax materials produced. Second control timing was judged at early Aug., when the adult invading to the pear orchard from near forest and the period before oviposition. The control agents for M. pruinosa were not yet registered, but will be anticipated to register the chemicals such as penitrothion WP, acetamiprid WP, dinotefuran WP, lambda cyhalothrin, thiamethoxam SP in 2012.