Recent advances in stem cell biology have shown that terminally differentiated somatic cells can be directly converted to the different types of somatic cells such as neurons and cardiomyocytes with defined sets of transcription factors without going through a pluripotent state. Recently, it was demonstrated that the hepatocyte-specific transcription factors, Hnf4α plus Foxa1, Foxa2 or Foxa3 could erase somatic memory and reset hepatocyte program on the differentiated somatic genome. Here, we show that Foxa3 together with Hnf4α could efficiently reprogram fibroblasts into hepatocytes. However, the direct conversion into hepatocytes is not observed with Hnf4α plus Foxa1. After two weeks of retroviral transduction of Hnf4α and Foxa3, we observed epithelial colonies emerged from starting fibroblasts and were able to establish stable hepatocyte cell lines, namely induced hepatocytes (iHep cells). The iHep cells closely resemble primary hepatocytes in a number of characteristics such as their polygonal shapes, the hepatic gene expression patterns and the presence of E-cadherin signals as determined by immunocytochemistry. In addition, iHep cells show the storage of glycogen as revealed by Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining, indicating that iHep cells are functionally similar to their in vivo counterparts. Taken together, our findings suggest that the combination of hepatic transcription factors, Hnf4α with Foxa3 but not Foxa1 could induce hepatocyte fate on the differentiated somatic cells.

본 연구는 환경스트레스 저항성이 증진된 페튜니아를 개발하기 위하여 NDPK2유전자 도입 형질전환 계통 NDPK2-7-1와 SOD2 유전자 도입 형질전환 계통 SOD2- 2-1-1-35간의 교잡에 의해 획득된 후대들의 비생물적 스트레스 저항성을 조사하기 위해 수행되었다. 비 생물적 스트레스 유발원인 메틸바이올로젠(methyl viologen, MV) 100 μM과 200 μM 처리에서 교잡후대들은 그들의 교배 모본 SOD2 유전자나 NDPK2 유전자가 단독으로 도 입된 형질전환 계통이나 비형질전환체 보다 메틸바이 올로젠에 의한 피해를 적게 받았다. 이는 SOD2 유전 자나 NDPK2 유전자가 단독으로 도입된 형질전환 계 통간 교잡에 의해 획득된 후대들이 그들의 교배모본 (SOD2 유전자나 NDPK2 유전자가 단독으로 도입된 형질전환 계통)이나 비형질전환체 보다 산화적 스트레 스에 대한 저항성이 증진되었음을 증명해 준다고 할 수 있다. 이들 교잡후대들은 초장 등 11종류의 양적형질의 특성이 비형질전환체에 비해 약간 길거나 짧긴 하였지 만 비형질전환체와 거의 유사하였으며, 꽃 색갈이나 모양 또한 그들의 교배모본 (SOD2 유전자나 NDPK2 유전 자가 단독으로 도입된 형질전환 계통)이나 비형질전환 체와 차이가 없었다.

A new soybean cultivar for soy-paste, “Mansu”, was developed from the cross between ‘Suwon 192’, which was tolerant to disease, late maturing and high yielding, and ‘Suwon 196’ which was early maturing and large seed by soybean breeding team in the Yeongnam Agricultural Research Institute (YARI) to make new variety having large seed and high yielding. A promising line, SS97213-2B-3SSD-39-1-1, was selected and designated as the name of ‘Suwon 236’. It was characterized by regional yield trials (RYT) for three years from 2004 to 2006 and released as the name of “Mansu”. It has a determinate growth habit, purple flower, grey pubescence, pale green seed coat, yellow cotyledon, large spherical seed (26.5 grams per 100 seeds). Maturity date is 4 days later than the check cultivar, Taekwang. The average yield of Mansu was 2.93 ton per hectare in the regional yield trials (RYT) carried out for three years from 2004 to 2006 which was 7 percent higher than that of the check cultivar, Taekwang.

A new soybean cultivar for tofu and soy-paste, "Daemang 2", was developed from the cross between 'Shinpaldal 2' and'Seokryang' by soybean breeding team in the Yeongnam Agricultural Research Institute (YARI) in 2005. A promising line,SS93205-2B-8-3-2-1-1-1