The food service industry has grown larger with changes in the economic and socio-cultural environment. In this saturated food service industry, generation X and MZ are the main consumer forces that demand attention. That is because a generation is the main psychographic factor that reflects personal values and lifestyle based on one’s life cycle. From such a perspective, a generation in marketing has been used as a variable to predict a market by supplementing demographic factors. Accordingly, this study classified generations into generation X and generation MZ with the use of the 2019 consumer behavior survey for food by Korea Rural Economic Institute (KREI) and then investigated the factors influencing group and personal dining-out expenses. The analysis was carried out applying the Tobit model using SPSS and R. The positively influential variables on generation X's personal dining-out expenditure were male, single person, high income and simple lifestyle, whereas housewives, personal ethical consciousness, behavioral ethical consciousness, and safe dietary life were negatively influential variables. The positively influential variables on generation MZ's personal dining-out expenditures were male, dual-income, high education level, corporate and governmental ethical consciousness, while the number of family members and safe dietary life were negatively influential variables.

This study conducted qualitative research through in-depth interviews on the diffusion process of Korean food in accordance with the length of residence of Chinese students in Korea. As the analysis method, the qualitative analysis method such as NVivo12.0 was used, and the analysis was performed through word frequency, word cloud, and coding matrix. The images of taste of Korean food were revealed as ‘Spicy’, ‘Sweet’, and ‘Light taste’ by both short-term Chinese residents and long-term Chinese residents. The long-term Chinese residents showed their dissatisfaction with the institutional food, and they also pointed out the importance of the matter of cooking for quick adaptation to life in Korea. The long-term Chinese residents also thought of Korean food as ‘High-fiber food’, and this was influenced by the ‘Less-oil’ cooking method of Korean food, which is different from the cooking method of Chinese food. The length of residence was used as a main variable of this study, and it was one of the factors having positive effects on the diffusion of Korean food and acculturation. It would be difficult to generalize the results because this study used the convenience sampling method and snowball sampling.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between retort food characteristics and consumers’ perceptions and to survey 295 consumers from December 10 to December 20 as the center of consumers who purchase retort food. As a result, most of the consumers who purchase retort food were women and the age were under 25 and 26 to 30 years old. There were many housewives and students in the occupation group and 2 to 3 in the family members. In addition, many graduated from college and many places of purchase were convenience stores and large discount stores. Consumer retort food purchase rate were high by 30-40% in meat products. Fish meat products were high by 30-40% and sauces were high by 20-30%. Instant foods were high by 20-30%, Tang (탕) / Guk (국) / Jigae (찌개) were high by 30-40% and canned food were high by lower than 10%. As a result of the influence of retort food characteristics on positive perceptions only convenience were influential. The effects of the characteristics of retort food on negative perceptions were influenced only by hygiene and standardization.

Diffusion of innovation theories have been used to explain the adaptation process of Chinese college students to Korean food. This study examined and compared Korean food adaptation among Chinese college students in Gyeonggido and Daejeon. A total of 141 Chinese college students were surveyed from August 01 to November supported by the Chinese Students Association in Gyeonggido. The results show that the adaptation process of Chinese college students to Korean food was different between Gyeonggido and Daejeon. Chinese college students did not have many opportunities to learn about Korean food and search information about Korean food. The adaptation process of Chinese college students to Korean food was different by residential type and period. The adaptation process of Chinese college students in Gyeonggido to Korean food was composed of three factors: interest-reinvention-adoption, awareness, and evaluation-trial-adoption. Three factors of the adaptation process of Chinese college students in Daejeon to Korean food were awareness-evaluationtrial, adoption-reinvention-trial, and interest.

본 연구는 위탁급식운영 병원급식 종사원들의 동료관계가 생활의 질에 미치는 영향을 살펴보기 위해 상급종합병원에 근무하는 영양사, 조리사, 조리원들을 대상으로 동료관계와 생활의 질에 대한 조사를 실시하였으며 본 연구 결과의 주 요 내용은 다음과 같다. 선행연구를 기반으로 위탁급식운영 병원급식 종사원의 생 활의 질 33개 문항을 요인분석 실시하여 위탁급식운영 병원 급식종사원들의 생활의 질은 직원몰입, 직무조절, 직무환경, 가정-일 관계, 직원 및 경력만족으로 총 5개 요인으로 구분 되었다. 선행연구에서 제시된 7개 요인으로 제시되었으나 직 원몰입(Employee engagement)과 직무조절(Control at work) 의 문항이 같은 성분으로 구분되었으며, 직무환경(Working condition)과 직업 및 경력만족(Job and Career satisfaction) 이 같은 성분으로 구분되었다. 병원위탁급식 종사원들의 동 료관계에 관한 요인분석을 실시한 결과 전체 9문항 중 협력 적인 동료관계와 경쟁적인 동료관계로 분류되었다. 위탁급식운영 병원급식 종사원들의 동료관계가 생활의 질 에 미치는 영향을 살펴본 결과, 협력적 동료관계가 직원몰입 에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났고 동료관계가 직무스트레 스에 미치는 영향에 있어서는 협력적인 동료관계가 직무스 트레스에 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 동료관계가 가정-일 관계에는 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났고 협력적인 동 료관계가 직무환경에는 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났는데 협 력적인 동료관계를 통해 생성된 심리적 안전감이 직무환경 에도 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 사료된다. 동료관계가 일반적 행복에 미치는 영향에 있어서는 협력적인 동료관계 가 일반적 행복에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 위탁급식운영 병원급식 종사원의 직군별(영양사, 조리사, 조리원)로 동료관계가 생활의 질에 미치는 영향을 분석한 결본 연구는 위탁급식운영 병원급식 종사원들의 동료관계가 생활의 질에 미치는 영향을 살펴보기 위해 상급종합병원에 근무하는 영양사, 조리사, 조리원들을 대상으로 동료관계와 생활의 질에 대한 조사를 실시하였으며 본 연구 결과의 주 요 내용은 다음과 같다. 선행연구를 기반으로 위탁급식운영 병원급식 종사원의 생 활의 질 33개 문항을 요인분석 실시하여 위탁급식운영 병원 급식종사원들의 생활의 질은 직원몰입, 직무조절, 직무환경, 가정-일 관계, 직원 및 경력만족으로 총 5개 요인으로 구분 되었다. 선행연구에서 제시된 7개 요인으로 제시되었으나 직 원몰입(Employee engagement)과 직무조절(Control at work) 의 문항이 같은 성분으로 구분되었으며, 직무환경(Working condition)과 직업 및 경력만족(Job and Career satisfaction) 이 같은 성분으로 구분되었다. 병원위탁급식 종사원들의 동 료관계에 관한 요인분석을 실시한 결과 전체 9문항 중 협력 적인 동료관계와 경쟁적인 동료관계로 분류되었다. 위탁급식운영 병원급식 종사원들의 동료관계가 생활의 질 에 미치는 영향을 살펴본 결과, 협력적 동료관계가 직원몰입 에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났고 동료관계가 직무스트레 스에 미치는 영향에 있어서는 협력적인 동료관계가 직무스 트레스에 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 동료관계가 가정-일 관계에는 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났고 협력적인 동 료관계가 직무환경에는 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났는데 협 력적인 동료관계를 통해 생성된 심리적 안전감이 직무환경 에도 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 사료된다. 동료관계가 일반적 행복에 미치는 영향에 있어서는 협력적인 동료관계 가 일반적 행복에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 위탁급식운영 병원급식 종사원의 직군별(영양사, 조리사, 조리원)로 동료관계가 생활의 질에 미치는 영향을 분석한 결

The goal of the current study was to analyze major factors for improvement of quality of life in contract foodservice customers. This study investigated how characteristics of customers, foodservice management, and competitors differ in different contract foodservice business environments in order to understand increasing concerns over health, in-house working, and the environment, which are directly connected to work and life satisfaction and company profits. For the foodservice business environment, this study classified environmental factors reported by Duncan (1972) into three factors: customer environment, foodservice management environment, and competitor environment. Multi-regression analysis was conducted on quality of life using the Korean version of the WHO Quality of Life Scale Abbreviated Version (WHOQOLBREF). Sub-factors of the contract foodservice business environment included foodservice management environment, customer environment, and competitor environment in the order of importance. The results indicate that the foodservice management environment of the company or organization where the customer is employed has the most substantial influence on quality of customer life.

The objective of the current study was to analyze the major factors affecting quality of life improvement for contract foodservice customers by identifying the contract foodservice environment consisting of the customer, foodservice management, and competitor. Qualitative research method was performed on foodservice customers and foodservice management using in-depth interviews. First, the customer environment was classified into three categories, including convenience of location, foodservice management environment into six categories, including comfort level of dining facility, and competitor environment into three categories, including service competition between foodservice providers. Second, quality of life was defined as the level of contentment felt by both the customer and foodservice management consuming the food provided. Third, both the customer and foodservice management perceived that the management environment of contract foodservice had a “medium” effect on quality of customer life. The findings of this study could be applicable for development of a contract foodservice business strategy through objective comparative analysis of the customer, foodservice management, and competitor environments.

This study was conducted on wine consumers to explore their behavioral characteristics concerning their drinking frequency of wine, wine selection factors, and difficulties in selecting wines. Data were collected during February 19th 2014 to April 20th 2014. Respondents were students who were taking classes about wine at a University located in the Gyeonggido area. Prior to the analysis, wine consumers were classified based on frequency of consumption: those who consumed wine less than once a month were classified as “Tell me consumers”, whereas those who consumed wine once or more a month were classified as “Engage me consumers.” The wine selection factors of the two groups were as follows: ‘label aspect’, ‘taste and aroma’, ‘use purpose’, and ‘price and recommendation’. Regarding ‘label aspect’ and ‘use purpose’, there were significant differences between the two groups. Regarding difficulties in selecting wines, “Tell me consumers” mentioned the following: ‘experience’, ‘price’, and ‘food pairing’. “Engage me consumers” mentioned the following: ‘ability to identify new wines’ and ‘tastes of others who drink with or oneself’. Classifying domestic wine consumers and their behavioral features of drinking frequency of wine can be used for market segmentation of wine consumers.

Coupled with the international expansion of Korean culture in recent years, a number of restaurants from Korea have been trying to tap into the global market place. The purpose of this study was to identify the characteristics of non-Korean patrons in Korean Restaurants in New-york city. The survey was conducted at six popular Korean restaurants, all of which had been recognized in the Zagat Survey in recent years, located in prime business districts in Manhattan. The data collected from the six local Korean restaurants that participated in this study were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed. After employing individual in-depth interviews with restaurant operators, a qualitative analysis identified demographic characteristics, Socioeconomic characteristics and segmentation of restaurant operation. Self-administrated survey questionnaires were used to acquire quantitative data. Primary data were collected from non-Korean patrons at the six participating Korean restaurants in New York City in 2008 (N=245). The patrons who answered the survey indicated that they were highly satisfied with the ‘Food’; however, they were not satisfied with the ‘Beverage’ and ‘Value’. In addition, older patrons (55<) were not as content with the ‘Food’ as the younger patrons. The most influential satisfaction variable that affected a patron’s intention to revisit the Korean restaurant was ‘Food’ and ‘Overall experience’. This study findings will help Korean restaurant operators and marketers better understand their patrons and formulate strategies to cater and target segments more effectively.

Recently, increasing interests in local foods have been highlighted along with active efforts and activities from autonomy organizations to develop local cultures and promote local economies by generating value added products and profits through the development of local foods. Subsequently, useful effects might result by making local foods attractive to tourists, such as by using indigenous Gimpo products to makc menu items that incorporate the social, economic, and cultural aspects of the Gimpo area, and contributing to its food culture, the development and use of its indigenous products, and promoting local restaurant businesses, etc. The items of the Survey used to select the local food menu items to be developed were limited to ideas offered by expert groups, and were implemented by a new menu developmεnt process. In order to derive the menu items to develop, the following method was applied: a brainstorming session with experts to generate and draft ideas, a questionnaire to chefs and cooks in special grade hotels is Seoul to select thε menu items to develop from those drafted, and sensory evaluations by experts to evaluate the developed items. Frequency analysis and technical statistical analysis were performed using the SPSS 12.0 program package, where 13 kinds of local foods were ultimately developed using indigenous products of Gimpo. The developed local food menu items werε rice & grape sujaebi, grape sikhae, fried rice embryo bud, grape yanggaeng, rice pancakes, rice spaghetti, grape seed oil dressing, grape sauce， rice pizza, grape pie， rice & grape ice cream, grape chocolate, and rice roll cakes.

Slow seedling growth rate and nodulation failure of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) has been limited its good establishment to pastures. The experiment was done to determine the effect of removal of cotyledon and unifoliolate on the shoot, root growth,

소두의 형질상호간의 표현형상관, 유전상관 그리고 환경상관을 알고자 1963년 재래종 적두 일본종서병을 지배하여 1967년 F4 세대 40계통을 재료로 선발실험을 하였다. 조사형채은 개화일수, 경직경, 분지수 1주래수, 입중, 전식물체중, 100입중의 8개형질이었고 이들 각형질상호간의 표현형공분산, 유전공분산, 환경공분산과 각형질의 표현형분산을 본봐 그 결과는 제1표와 같이 환경공분산과 표현형분산은 형질 또는 형질간의 조합에 따라 변동이 심하나 대체로 유전공분산은 표현형공분산보다 다소 크다.(표1) 각형질 상호간의 표현형상관, 유전상관, 환경상관을 계산한바 제2표와같이 대체로 유전상관의 값은 표현형상관보다 그값이 크다. (표2), 수량과의 상관을 보면 1주래수가 수량에 영향한다고 보이며 1주래수가 많은 것은 입수도 많은 것이 당연하므로 소두는 대두와 달리 수량과 개화일수 또는 수량과 경직경 같에는 상관이 보이지 아니하므로 1주래수와 1주입수의 2개형질은 소두의 다수계통, 선택을 위한 중요한 선택형질이 될것으로 믿는다.