Deformed wing virus (DWV) of honeybees (Apis mellifera) is closely associated with characteristic wing deformities, abdominal bloating, paralysis, and rapid mortality of emerging adult bees. Here, we report for the first time the occurrence of DWV-infected bumble bees (Bombus terrestris). For the present study, the detection of DWV virus from the adult bumble bee, death adult bumble bee, mail bumble bee, pupa and larva to the infection cycle was investigated in the same colony. Using specific RT-PCR protocols for the detection of DWV followed by sequencing of the PCR products we could demonstrate that the bumble bees were indeed infected with DWV. The virus was detected from diseased insects, and its partial DWV gene was cloned and sequenced. The partial DWV gene encoding the polyprotein is 711-nt of 235 amino acid residues. The deduced nucleotide sequence of the polyprotein partial gene of DWV showed 96.9%, 96.2%, 96.8%, and 96.5% homology to other structure polyprotein partial gene of DWV, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis further conformed that the deduced nucleotide sequence of the polyprotein partial gene of DWV divided to the outside tree. We describe the first time that presence of Deformed wing virus(DWV) from bumble bee(Bombus terrestris) in korea using RT-PCR.

We report for the first time the occurrence of DWV-infected bumble bees (Bombus ignitus). For the present study, the detection of DWV virus from the female and male bumble bee was investigated in the same colony. The Deformed wing virus (DWV) of honeybee (Apis mellifera) is closely associated with characteristic wing deformities, abdominal bloating, paralysis, and rapid mortality of emerging adult bees. Using specific RT-PCR protocols for the detection of DWV followed by sequencing of the PCR products we could demonstrate that the bumble bees were indeed infected with DWV. The virus was detected from Bombus ignitus, and its partial DWV gene was cloned and sequenced. The partial DWV gene encoding the polyprotein is 711-nt of 235 amino acid residues. The deduced nucleotide sequence of the polyprotein partial gene of DWV showed 96.9%, 96.2%, 96.8%, and 96.5% homology to other structure polyprotein partial gene of DWV from insects, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis further conformed that the deduced nucleotide sequence of the polyprotein partial gene of DWV divided to the outside tree. We describe the first time that presence of Deformed wing virus(DWV) from bumble bee(Bombus terrestris) in korea using RT-PCR.

천연 호르몬 보충 제제의 개발을 위한 기초 연구로 이란산 흑석류 과즙 농축액과 이를 이용한 제품의 화학성분들을 분석하였다. 석류 농축액의 일반성분은 수분 39.3%, 조지방 0.4%, 조단백질 0.9%, 조회분 1.4%, 그리고 탄수화물은 42.0%이었다. 아미노산 함량은 글루탐산이 1310.Oppm, 아스파르트산이 896.2ppm, 아르기닌이 877.7ppm, 페닐알라닌이 57.5ppm순으필 무기 성분들은 철분 6640.Oppm, 염소 3464.Oppm, 칼륨 2550.8ppm, 인 150.Oppm, 칼슘 80.Oppm 순으로 많이 함유되 어 있었다 비타민은 5가지의 수용성 비타민이 함유되어 있었으며 그 중 비타민 C(20mg/100g)를 제외한 나머지 비타민들이 아주 적은 양이 있었다. 주요 지방산은 palmitic acid(8.3%)와 stearic acid(69.4%)로 전체 지방산의 약 60~80%를 차지하고 있었다. 또한 6종의 phyto및 에스트로겐류가 들어 있었으며 각각daidzein 23.72ppm, quercetin 9, 75ppm, catechin 1.48ppm, genistein 0.29ppm, 2, 3-di-MeO-estradiol이 0.04ppm, 그리고 17β-에스츠라디올이 0.15ppm이 함유되어 있었다. 이상의 결과들을 석류 농축액으로 제조한 제품 포에버 120과 칡과 대두 isoflavon 농축분말과 비교하다.

본 연구에서는 단백질 함량이 높은 들깨박을 기능성 식품소재로서의 활용가능성을 확인하기 위하여 단백질분해효소 및 한외여과를 이용하여 가수분해물과 펩타이드 분획을 제조하고 이들의 항산화 활성을 측정하였다. 먼저 들깨박단백질의 가수분해물 생산을 위한 최적 효소를 선정하기 위해 단백질분해효소 7종을 이용하여 효소 반응 후 가수분해도를 측정한 결과, flavourzyme이 가장 높은 가수분해율을 나타내었다. Flavourzyme에 의한 들깨박단백질 가수분해물을 얻기 위한 최적 조건은 pH 7.0, 50℃, 효소농도 10 unit, 가수분해시간은 4시간으로 결정되었다. 들깨박단백질 가수분해물을 한외여과 후 얻은 각 분획의 수율은 1 kDa 이하가 45.65%로 유의적으로 가장 높았으며, 그 다음으로5-10 kDa(16.45%), 10 kDa 이상(16.37%), 1-3 kDa(10.86%), 3-5 kDa(10.67%) 순으로 높았다. DPPH 라디칼 소거능은 효소가수분해물이, 환원력은 3-5 kDa 분획물이, superoxide dismutase 유사활성은 1 kDa 이하의 분획물이 가장 높은 활성을 나타내었다. 따라서 들깨박단백질로부터 생산된 가수분해물 및 펩타이드 분획은 각기 다른 항산화 활성 특성을 보여 기능성 식품 소재의 목적에 맞게 선택하여 활용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 또한 향후 식품학적 기능성 평가가 이루어진다면 식품산업에서 다양한 식품재료로의 활용성이 확대될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

In this study, a peptide exhibiting antioxidant activity was isolated from sandfish (Arctoscopus japonicus) roe hydrolysate (SRH) in order to evaluate their practical uses as materials for manufacturing functional foods. The A. japonicus roe protein was hydrolyzed using Collupulin MG, and isolation of antioxidant peptide was performed using ultrafiltration (UF), prep-HPLC, and RP-HPLC. The SRH with a molecular weight below 3 kDa constituted about 38% of the whole hydrolysate, and the fraction with a molecular weight below 3 kDa showed significantly greater antioxidant activity compared to the original SRH and other fractions. The isolation fold of the antioxidant peptide isolated from SRH throughout the four-step procedure was 7.11-fold, and protein yield was 14.8%. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of isolated antioxidant peptide was above 90% at a concentration of 1.0 mg/mL, which was similar to that of the Trolox at a concentration of 0.1 mg/mL. These results suggested that the antioxidant peptide derived from A. japonicus roe could be a useful additive for producing functional foods and protein supplements. However, it is necessary to perform further study the structural characteristics of this antioxidant peptide isolated from A. japonicus roe.

본 연구는 선행 연구된 삼채뿌리의 뛰어난 영양성을 토 대로 기능성 식품소재로의 이용가능성을 확인하고 활용도 를 높이고자 국내산 및 미얀마산 삼채뿌리의 항산화 및 생리활성을 측정하였다. 삼채뿌리의 총 폴리페놀과 총 플 라보노이드 함량은 국내산 삼채뿌리가 각각 5.27 mgGAE/g, 0.35 mgQE/g, 미얀마산 삼채뿌리가 각각 4.80 mgGAE/g, 0.24 mgQE/g으로 국내산 삼채뿌리가 더 높은 함량을 나타 냈다. 삼채뿌리의 항산화력을 측정한 결과 DPPH 라디칼 소거능은 미얀마산이 더 높은 활성을 보였지만, ABTS 라디 칼 소거능과 Fe2+ 킬레이팅 활성, 환원력은 국내산이 더 높은 활성을 보였다. α-Glucosidase 저해활성은 국내산의 저해활성이 미얀마산 삼채뿌리의 저해활성보다 더 높았으 며 대조구인 acarbose에 비해서도 우수한 저해활성을 보였 다. Acetylcholinesterase 저해 활성을 측정한 결과, 50 mg/mL 농도에서 국내산 삼채뿌리가 51.44%로 44.33%의 저해활성을 보인 미얀마산 삼채뿌리보다 더 높은 저해활성 을 보였다. 본 연구를 통해 삼채뿌리 특히 국내산 삼채뿌리 는 높은 항산화 활성, α-glucosidase 및 acetylcholinesterase 저해 활성을 보여 혈당조절제, 치매예방 및 개선제로써의 활용가능성이 큰 것으로 확인되었으며, 이로써 기능성 식 품소재로의 활용이 증가될 것으로 판단된다. 하지만 향후 국내산 삼채의 우수성을 검증하기 위하여 여러 지역에서 재배된 삼채의 기능성 분석이 필요할 것으로 판단된다

The application of software engineering is not common in the development of astronomical observation system. While there were component-wise developments in the past, large-scale comprehensive system developments are more common in these days. In this study, current methodologies of development are reviewed to select a proper one for the development of astronomical observation system and the result of the application is presented. As the subject of this study, a project of operation software development for an astronomical observation system which runs on the ground is selected. And the output management technique based on Component Based Development which is one of the relatively recent methodologies has been applied. Since the nature of the system requires lots of arithmetic algorithms and it has great impact on the overall performance of the entire system, a prototype model is developed to verify major functions and performance. Consequently, it was possible to verify the compliance with the product requirements through the requirement tracing table and also it was possible to keep to the schedule. Besides, it was suggested that a few improvements could be possible based on the experience of the application of conventional output management technique. This study is the first application of the software development methodology in the domestic astronomical observation system area. The process and results of this study would contribute to the investigation for a more appropriate methodology in the area of similar system development.

This study was conducted to analyze the antioxidant activities of fermented black jujube and to compare these with those of dried jujube, for the development of functional materials. The antioxidative activities of dried jujube and fermented black jujube extracts were analyzed by electron-donating ability (EDA) using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH), superoxide-dismutase-(SOD)-like activity by pyrogallol, nitrite-scavenging ability, and xanthin oxidase. The yield of the fermented black jujube extracts was higher than that of the dried jujube extracts, and that of the ethanol extracts was higher than that of the hot-water extracts. The total phenol contents of the hot-water extracts from fermented black jujube were higher. The EDA values of the hot-water and ethanol extracts from fermented black jujube and dried jujube increased with an increase in extract concentration, and were about 85% in a 1000 ㎍/mL extract concentration. The SOD-like activity increased with an increase in extract concentration. The SOD-like activity of the hot-water extract from fermented black jujube was higher than that of the other extracts. The nitrite-scavenging ability at pH 1.2 of the hot-water extracts from dried jujube was higher than that of the other extracts. The xanthine oxidase inhibitory activities of the hot-water and ethanol extracts from fermented black jujube were higher than those of the other extracts, and increased along with the concentrations of the extracts.