Connexin 43 (Cx43) is one of the gap junction proteins which are compounds of transmembrane proteins and transports the small-molecular-weight chemicals up to 2 kDa. Lacking of Cx43 influences the junctional protein, induces autophagy and apoptosis in somatic cells. However, the function of Cx43 in porcine early embryos is still unknown. Aim to find out the molecular mechanism of Cx43 on the developmental competence in early porcine embryos, Cx43 dsRNA (1 ㎍/㎕) was microinjected into the parthenogenetically activated porcine zygotes. Blastocyst rate (treatment, 8.8±1.6% vs. control, 38.6±4.3%) and total cell numbers in the blastocyst (treatment, 20.7±3.5 vs. control, 39.8±4.1) were significantly reduced following Cx43 knocking down. Results from FITC-dextran and Western blot assay show that knock down (KD) of Cx43 significantly increased membrane permeability through down regulation of genes which are component of both adherence and tight junction in the porcine blastocyst. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) was significantly increased in the Cx43 KD group compared to control. In addition, KD of Cx43 activated Caspase 3 and significantly increased ATG8 expression, induced autophagy and apoptosis. Results suggest that KD of Cx43 influences preimplantation porcine embryo development via increasing membrane permeability and ROS generation, and inducing autophagy and apoptosis.

This study addresses how agency costs influence the sustainability of different types of corporate governance. The luxury fashion brand could spend large sums of money on maintenance of magnificent brand image, thereby increasing the agency cost. On the contrary, the brand may hold down wasteful spending to report a gaudily financial achievement. Agency costs are defined either to vertical costs arising from the relationship between stockholders and managers, or to horizontal costs associated with the potential conflicts between majority and minority stockholders. Agency costs are measured by the value of the principal component. The study conducted regression analysis of each agency cost index, luxury fashion brand dummy and a set of control variables. The findings show that the agency costs of the firms with luxury fashion brand exceed those of control group.

Motivated by the recent cases of negligent social responsibility as manifested by foreign luxury fashion brands in Korea, this study investigates whether agency costs depend on the sustainability of different types of corporate governance. Agency costs refer either to vertical costs arising from the relationship between stockholders and managers, or to horizontal costs associated with the potential conflicts between majority and minority stockholders. The firms with luxury fashion brand could spend large sums of money on maintenance of magnificent brand image, thereby increasing the agency cost. On the contrary, the firms may hold down wasteful spending to report a gaudily financial achievement. This results in mitigation of the agency cost.

에너지원으로서 수소를 생산하기 위하여 하니컴 구조를 갖는 모노리스에 10 wt% Ni/CeO2-ZrO2 촉매를 담지한 후 메탄의 수증기 개질 실험을 수행하였다. 다른 CeO2/ZrO2 몰비를 갖는 촉매들 중에서, Ni/CeO2-ZrO2(CeO2/ZrO2=4/1)촉매가 700-800℃에서 높은 메탄의 전환율을 보여 주었다. 10wt% Ni/CeO2-ZrO2 촉매가 담지된 금속 모노리스 촉매체는 높은 열전도도와 비표면적들로 인하여 좋은 촉매 특성을 보여줌을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한, 금속모노리스 촉매체는 반응물에서 과다의 수증기에 의한 수소 수율에서 크게 영향을 받지 않음을 알 수 있었다. GHSV=30,000h-1, 반응물 비(H2O/CH4=3.0) 반응온도 800℃에서 금속모노리스 촉매체는 98%이상의 메탄의 전환율을 보여주었다. 생성물 가스에서 CO2/CO의 비는 수증기/메탄의 반응물비가 증가할수록 수성가스화 반응에 의하여 증가됨을 알 수 있었다.

구강 및 두경부 암의 방사선치료 시 치료 범위에 피부를 포함하는 경우가 많으며 이때 볼루스의 사용이 빈번해진다. 특히 턱 부분의 요철로 인하여 환자의 적용 시 선량 불확실성을 제공한다. 본 연구에서는 3D Printing을 이용하여 Gel 볼루스와 Poly lactic acid(PLA), Silicon을 적용한 환자 맞춤형 볼루스를 제작하여 물성 특성을 확인하고, 제작된 볼루스와 치료계획의 불일치성을 확인하며, 실제 방사선 선량 전달시 발생하는 선량불확실성을 측정하였다. 그 결과 일반적인 요철 부위에는 PLA 재질의 볼루스가 안정적이며, 요철이 심하거나 환자의 체형이 자주 바뀔 수 있는 환자의 경우 Silicon 재질의 볼루스가 유용할 것으로 사료된다.

Two dineolignans (1,2) with nitric oxide inhibitory activities were isolated from Saururus chinensis (Saururaceae) using silica gel column chromatography. Although the structures, saucernetin-7 (1) and -8 (2), have been already reported, NMR assignment of the two compounds was completed aided by 2D-NMR spectroscopy including 1H-1H COSY, 1H-13C COSY, HMBC and NOESY NMR spectra. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited significant nitride oxide inhibitory activity in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells with IC50 values of 11.3μM and 7.1μM, respectively.

Three stigmastane-type sterols and one ergostane-type sterol were isolated from the ethyl acetate soluble fraction of the aerial parts of Artemisia princeps Pampanini (Sajuarissuk). From the results of physico-chemical data including NMR, MS and IR, the chemical structures of the compounds were determined as stigmasta-5,22-dien-3,β-ol (stigmasterol, 1),stigmast-5-en-3β-ol(β-sitosterol,2), 5β,8β-epidioxy-5β,8β-ergosta-6,22-dien-3β-ol(ergosterol peroxide, 3), and β-sitosterol 3-O-βD-glucopyranoside(daucosterol,4).