Chinese economic develops fast and have became the second economic entity all around the world. The development of economic pushes the popularize of mobile clients. Accordingly, whenever and wherever the consumers are, they can acquire and share information about productions directly, e-word-of-mouth (eWOM) becomes one of the important part of online marketing. Customers prefer to trust opinion leaders and real users’ feedback rather than the advertisements which are made by companies. The choice preference of information source accelerate the development of social media. The Word of Mouth Marketing Association, have grown rapidly and have advocated for the burgeoning new industry. (Robert V. et al., 2010) Marketers and sociologists have recognized the importance of the phenomenon of word of mouth, for more than half a century, proposing, for example, that WOM affects the majority of all purchase decisions (Brooks 1957; Dichter 1966).They find that the “friend who recommends a tried and trusted product” rather than the “salesman who tries to get rid of merchandise” (Dichter 1966, p. 165). Marketing scholars has evolved from a transaction orientation to one based on relationships (Vargo and Lusch 2004) Consumers are regarded as active coproducers of value and meaning, whose WOM use of marketing communications can be idiosyncratic, creative, and even resistant (Brown, Kozinets, and Sherry 2003; Kozinets 2001; Muñiz and Schau 2005; Thompson and Sinha 2008) Therefore, when the behavior is on/off, impact measured as probability of purchase can differ substantially from impact measured as attitude change (Robert East 2015). This study will select significant respondents from Chinese social media users as sample. The WOM communication is send information to marketers from the market-based message interaction community ,gathering consumers with same interests. In this study, not only structural equation modeling (SEM) will be used to test research model. But also using the fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) and SPSS, the first method attempts to find a new configuration to verify the finding and the SPSS can be used to make reliability analysis and validity analysis. WOM of the research model will also be tested by fsQCA and SPSS to obtain the conclusion about what extent do two communication ways influence consumers’ purchase preference. We want to explore different results between opinion leaders and the real users in different communication ways. Based on the results we will give some implication to both marketing scholars and practitioners.

The interaction between GATT/WTO and legal regimes to combat climate change has experienced four important stages. First, both were created independently as two selfcontained legal regimes. Second, these regimes may potentially conflict with each other because climate change measures may violate the GATT/WTO rules. Third, if policies and measures are tailored well, the GATT/WTO and climate change legal regimes could be implemented simultaneously. Last, a shift to low carbon economy presses for close cooperation and mutual supportiveness between these two legal regimes. However, the multinational nature of these two legal regimes often delay or hamper global consensus on agenda for cooperation. This article argues that trade agreements as a regional approach have merits and advantages of pursuing harmonization and cooperation under the GATT/ WTO framework. Regional trade agreements can provide opportunities for a group of countries with concrete commitments and rules to cope with climate change beyond the possibility of the multilateral arena.

Global warming is a result of human influence. However, little has been done to stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere to a ‘safe’ level. An important factor for such dismal state of affairs is that the international community has emphasized far too much on the State-centric approach to combating climate change. The international legal regime does not directly control major emitters or MNCs. This article recognizes the atmosphere as a part of the global commons and the atmospheric absorptive capacity as the common heritage of mankind. Therefore, the international community can pave the way to link global climate change regime and MNCs. Those common interests of the international community can be protected when MNCs turn their production processes green, by redirecting their investment into green technology, and try to alter the negative status quo.

The development of time-frequency analysis techniques allow astronomers to successfully deal with the non-stationary time series that originate from unstable physical mechanisms. We applied a recently developed time-frequency analysis method, the Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT), to two non-stationary phenomena: the superorbital modulation in the high-mass X-ray binary SMC X-1 and the quasi-periodic oscillation (QPO) of the AGN RE J1034+396. From the analysis of SMC X-1, we obtained a Hilbert spectrum that shows more detailed information in both the time and frequency domains. Then, a phase- resolved analysis of both the spectra and the orbital profiles was presented. From the spectral analysis, we noticed that the iron line production is dominated by different regions of this binary system in different superorbital phases. Furthermore, a pre-eclipse dip lying at orbital phase ~ 0.6 - 0.85 was discovered dur- ing the superorbital transition state. We further applied the HHT to analyze the QPO of RE J1034+396. From the Hilbert spectrum and the O - C analysis results, we suggest that it is better to divide the evolu- tion of the QPO into three epochs according to their different periodicities. The correlations between the QPO periods and corresponding uxes were also different in these three epochs. The change in periodicity and the relationships could be interpreted as the change in oscillation mode based on the diskoseismology model.

LMC X-4 is an eclipsing high-mass X-ray binary exhibiting a superorbital modulation with a period of ~ 30.5 days. We present a detailed study of the variations of the superorbital modulation period with a time baseline of ~ 18 years. The period determined in the light curve collected by the Monitor of All-sky X-ray Image (MAXI) significantly deviates from that observed by the All Sky Monitor (ASM) onboard the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE). Using the data collected by RXTE/ASM, MAXI, and the Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) onboard Swift, we found a significant period derivative, _P = (2.08±0.12) X 10-5. Furthermore, the O{C residual shows complex short-term variations indicating that the superorbital modulation of LMC X-4 exhibits complicated unstable behaviors. In addition, we used archive data collected by the Proportional Counter Array (PCA) on RXTE to estimate the orbital and spin parameters. The detected pulse frequencies obtained in small time segments were fitted with a circular orbital Doppler shift model. In addition to orbital parameters and spin frequency for each observation, we found a spin frequency derivative of v = (6.482 ± 0.011) X 10-13 Hz · s-1. More precise orbital and spin parameters will be evaluated by the pulse arrival time delay technique in the future.

X1822-371 is a low mass X-ray binary with an accretion disk corona exhibiting partial eclipses and pulsations in the X-ray band. We update its orbital ephemeris by combining new RXTE observations and historical records, with a total time span of 34 years. There were 11 RXTE observations in 2011 but the eclipsing prole can be seen in only 4 of them. The eclipsing center times were obtained by fitting the profile with the same model as previous studies. Combined with the eclipsing center times reported by Iaria et al. (2011), the O-C analysis was processed. A quadratic model was applied to fit the O-C results and produced a mean orbital period derivative of _Porb = 1.339(25) X 10-10s=s, which is slightly smaller than previous records. In addition to the orbital modulation from the orbital profile, we also present our preliminary results for measuring the orbital parameters using the orbital Doppler effect from the pulsation of the neutron star in X1822-371. The updated orbital parameters from eclipsing profiles will be further compared with the ones from pulsar timing.

We present the results from analysis of the Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT) for the 4 Hz quasi-periodic oscillations (QPO) around the black hole X-ray binary XTE J1550-564. The resultant Hilbert spectra demonstrate that the QPO is composed of a series of intermittent signals appearing occasionally. From the analysis of the HHT, we further found the distribution of the lifetimes for the intermittent oscillations and the distribution for the time intervals with no significant signal (the break time). The mean lifetime is 1.45 s and 90% of the oscillation segments have lifetimes less than 3.1 s whereas the mean break time is 0.42 s and 90% of break times are less than 0.73 s. We conclude that the intermittent feature of the QPO could be explained by the Lense-Thirring precession model and rules out interpretations of continual frequency modulation.

The Palomar Transient Factory is a project making use of a Schmidt 48 inch telescope located on the Palomar Mountain, which is surveying the sky with dynamical cadences. It was deployed in 2009 and the observed sky region is over 1200 square degrees. We have studied the long-term periodic variabilities of the known galactic cataclysmic variables (CVs). More than 20 of the sources had been found to have long term periodic signals, ranging from several tens of days to several hundreds of days. Some possible scenarios are proposed to explain the results, such as a magnetic field change of the companion star, precession of the accretion disk, triple systems and superoutburst cycles. Some preliminary discussion will be presented in this article.

In recent years, the research in porous metal got rapid development in China, especial in Northwest Institute for Non-ferrous Metal Research (NIN). Many porous metals with different raw material and different shapes were developed, which successfully employed in many fields. We believe we will earn more rapid development in the future.

The purpose of this study is to investigate whether the ECFA impacted the efficiency of banks in China and Taiwan from 2008 to 2017. This study follows Seiford and Zhu (2002), who recommend using the standard data envelopment analysis model to measure performance by increasing the desirable outputs and decreasing the undesirables. The finding was that overall technical efficiency increased from 2012 to 2017, reaching 0.575, 0.652, 0617, 0.689, 0.701 and 0.74, respectively. This result implies bank efficiency did indeed improve after China and Taiwan signed the ECFA cooperation agreement. The study found that the mean technical efficiency was 0.8756 in China, greater than Taiwan’s mean of 0.3511, implying that Chinese banks experienced a greater increase in efficiency after signing the EFCA. One possible reason explored in this study is that China’s economy is currently growing at the highest rate in the world, and the banks’ efficiency has benefited from greater economic growth. This suggests that cross-strait sustained negotiations to consummate an agreement on trade in the services will be a very important mission in the future. This result also provides significant evidence suggesting that not accounting for undesirable output while estimating the evolution of the model may seriously distort efficiency results.

The purpose of this study is to construct the ACD model for the block trading volume duration. The ACD model based on the block trading volume duration is referred to as Volume ACD (VACD) in this study. By integrating with GARCH-type models, the VACD based GARCH type models, which include VACD-GARCH, VACD-IGARCH and VACD-FIGARCH models, are set up. This study selects Chunghwa Telecom (CHT) Inc., offering the America Depository Receipt (ADR) in NYSE, to investigate the block trading volume duration in Taiwanese equity market. The empirical results indicate that the long memory in volume duration series increases dependence at level of volatility clustering by VACD (2,1)-FIGARCH (3,d,1) model. Moreover, the VACD (2,1)-IGARCH (1,1) exhibits relatively better performance of prediction on capturing block trading volume duration. This volatility model is more appropriate in this study to portray the change of the CHT Inc. prices and provides more information about the volatility process for investment strategy, which can be a reference indicator of financial asset pricing, hedging strategy and risk management.

POST-TENSIONING GROUT PROBLEMS Bonded post-tensioned structures are at increased risk of corrosion and failure of the tendons when there are defects in the installed grout. The most common grout problems (defects) include: • Voids: Voids are common at high points of tendon ducts as a result of grout bleeding and inadequate grouting. Standard cement/water grout has typically produced grout with 3 to 5% bleed. • Chloride contaminated grout: Chloride contamination may result from the use of chloride contaminated grout or mixing water or the long-term exposure of the structure to marine environments or de-icing salts. • Soft grout: Soft grout may be created if excessive water is added during grout mixing, and wick induced bleeding causes localized grout with high water-cement ratio. THE SOLUTION The Post-Tech PTI Impregnation system has been developed to mitigate corrosion caused by these problems. The system utilizes the interstitial spaces between the wires of each strand in a multi-strand tendon to deliver (transfer) a unique corrosion inhibiting, impregnation material along the length of the cable. The impregnation material seeps between the wires of the strands to impregnate the surrounding grout or concrete. The impregnation material is designed to form a corrosion-resistant film on any exposed steel surfaces such as steel strands which are exposed in grout voids, and to make the grout more corrosion and moisture resistant. Laboratory Confirmation Laboratory confirmation was completed on tendon specimens provided by one DOT and grouted “lollipop” samples. The tendon specimens provided to Vector were sections of external tendons which had been removed from an existing bridge. Lolipop samples comprised a single strand section which was centrally grouted in a cylindrical block of prepackaged PT grout. Laboratory testing confirmed the ability of the impregnation material to travel along the length of the specimen, to soak into the grout surroundingthe strands and to pass from strand to strand across the cross-section of a grouted tendon. Accelerated laboratory testing also confirmed the ability of the impregnation process to reduce corrosion by over 90%. Field Demonstration and case study The demonstration project was completed on external tendons in a box girder bridge in Jacksonville, FL (I-95 / I-295 Interchange). The demonstration project verified the capability of impregnating the full length of 256’ and 205’ grouted tendons from end anchorage locations, the capability of impregnating up to 100’ in each direction from a mid-point location, and the capability of the impregnation material to penetrate the grout adjacent to the strand. FDOT has implemented PTI Impregnation on the tendons of I-4 Connector in which soft grout was found. All selected tendons were successfully impregnated. Free water/moisture was pushed out of the tendons during the impregnating process. CONCLUSIONS Laboratory testing confirmed the ability of the impregnation material to travel along the length of the specimen, to soak into the grout surrounding a strand and to reduce corrosion by over 90% when exposed in an accelerated corrosion cell. Field demonstration at the I-95/295 Interchange in Jacksonville, Florida and Implementation on I-4 Connector in Tampa, Florida has demonstrated the following: • All strands of 256’ long grouted tendons can be impregnated full-length from an end anchorage location, • Impregnation material can flow up to 100’ in each direction from a mid-point location,. • Impregnation material can penetrate grout adjacent to a grouted strand, and • Free water/moisture can be pushed out of the tendons during the impregnation process.

Corrosion of reinforcing steel leading to structural deterioration and failure of reinforced concrete structures is a serious problem for port and highway agencies, and facility owners. Galvanic anodes have been used to extend the service lives of concrete structures since late 1990s. Embedded Zinc sacrificial anodes have been included in patch repairs of steel reinforced concrete structural elements suffering from corrosion since the mid-nineties. The anodes installed in a UK bridge in 1999 have been monitored, and 10-year data monitored data will be discussed. Galvanic anodes have been used widely in patch repair since then. Recognizing the inadequate monitoring of impressed current cathodic protection that will make it in-effective, distributed galvanic anodes were developed in early 2000s to address the global corrosion issues in concrete structures. Many departments of Transportation (DOTs) and Ministries of Transportation tried and monitored the anodes initially for a few years and considered the trials successes, and have widely used galvanic anodes in bridge decks, abutments, pile jackets and marine structures since then. This paper introduces different levels of corrosion protection offered by galvanic anodes and the various galvanic anode systems used in concrete structures. Various applications of the galvanic systems to extended service lives of concrete structures are presented.

Purpose - This study illustrates research product industrial engineering, which needs to be promoted to encourage knowledge intensive businesses. Research traditions related to industrial business products and a fuzzy multi criteria decision approach in technology management for product design industries have undergone continuous changes over time. However, there is no clarity on the present situation, and there is a need to reform business enterprises. Research design, data, and methodology - Using fuzzy theory and appraising multi-goal plans, the manner of promoting the competitive advantage of industrial businesses is analyzed using a case study. In the case study, various aspects are examined, such as product design and manufacture, fuzzy set decisions with multi attribute policy making, flaws in the present system, and a review of the related literature. Results - New fuzzy and multi criteria designs can improve the existing keyboard by solving product problems, resulting in a clear and durable typeface for a creative LED keyboard. Conclusion - Using a fuzzy set with multi attribute policymaking influences the achievements appraisal system and can help achieve the anticipated strategy goal of product design.

Purpose - In the past, designs for traditional products have usually focused on historic techniques. However, this tradition of using historic techniques has now been replaced by the trend of using the innovative design concept. Research design, data, and methodology - To measure future market trends and quality requirements, we apply the results of the questionnaires and analyze them with various experimental processes and a design methodology. In this way, we gauge the impact of the innovative product value chain on the promotion of new products. Results - Accompanied with an innovative product value chain, the product can stimulate the development of enterprise management, which has become the main issue in social and economic development in every developed country, and can facilitate the progress of enterprise management throughout the enterprise. Conclusions – Customer demand should be emphasized as the primary means to solve design problems, to design optimal solutions, to create differentiation with competitors, and to pursue optimal marketing strategies

Purpose - Nowadays, the innovative design concept is being implemented in product design. In order to satisfy market trends and the demand for quality, designers should employ customer satisfaction questionnaires and analyze them with various experimental processes. Research design, data, and methodology - These methodologies would help designers have a better understanding of their customers and judge the market size and clustering validity, by diverse product strategies, for dealing with the rapid change prevailing in the market today. Results - By considering the innovative design with regard to telephones as an experimental case, the study investigates and demonstrates how the product can benefit from market-oriented and customized management concepts, when creative design ability is utilized for developing the product. Conclusions - Along with the benefit of having an innovative product value, the product can stimulate progress inthe development of the enterprise management, which has emerged as the main issue in the area of social and economic development in every developed country.

쌀은 중국에서 중요한 식량작물로 체9차 5개년 으로 소비되었다. 계획 (1966-2αm년) 동안 재배면적 3 1.4백만 ha이며 생산량은 단위 ha당 6，303kg으로 198백만톤에 이르 며 이는 재배면적으로는 식량작물의 27.7%, 그리고 생산량으로는 전체식량작물의 40%를 각각 점하고 있다. 이러한 재배면적과 생산량은 각각 세계전체 면적과 생산량의 20.7%와 33.7%를 차지하는 많은 량이다. 중국의 남부지역은 전지역의 73 .5%가 이모 작으로 재배되며 주품종은 Indica이다. 중국의 중부 지역은 이모작과 일모작의 재배형태가 2:3으로 공 존하고 있으며 양쓰강 이북은 주로 일모작의 형태 이다. 중국의 쌀 재배면적은 1960년대 이후 점차 증 가하다가 1980년대 후반부터 정체되었다가 최근 90 년대 말에 이르러서는 재배면적의 감소가 가속화되 고 있으나 단보당 생산량은 푸준히 증가하고 있다. 2001 년 중국의 쌀 소비량은 138백만톤으로 이의 85.2%는 식량용으로， 5.8%는사료용으로， 1.3%는 가 공용， 1. 5-2.0%는 수출용으로 그리고 1.2%는 종자용 쌀은 중국에서 중요한 식량작물로 체9차 5개년 으로 소비되었다.WTO체제에 들어서도 중국의 쌀 생산에는 크게 영향을 받지않을 것으로 여겨지는데 그 이유로는 충분한 생산능려과 자급률， 쌀의 낮은(4%) 국제교역 비율， 총생산량에 대한 낮은 쿼터비율 등을 들 수 있다. 그러나 WTO체제 가입에 따른 압력 또한 존 재하는 것이 사실인데 그것은 낮은 품질， 국제가격 보다 높은 국내가격 등을 들 수 있다. 향후 중국 쌀의 발전적 전략들로는 쌀의 안정적 발전을 지속하는 일， 쌀 재배구조 조정과 함께 높은 미질을 가지는 품종육종， 기계화를 비롯한 정작기 술의 발달， 쌀과 부산물 가공기술의 개발연구， 특정 기능을 함유하는 유전공학적 기술의 적용， 토지와 도시화 그리고 식량순환에 시스템의 개혁 등 과학 기술을 고양하는 일 등을 들 수 있다.