To develop customized food products for gastric cancer patients, it is crucial to understand their dietary characteristics and changes in their perception of smell and taste due to their condition. This study conducted in-depth interviews and administered olfactory and gustatory tests on 20 patients with gastric cancer. A control group of 20 healthy, gender and age matched individuals, was included for comparison. Patients reported difficulties in sustaining their appetite, particularly during chemotherapy. This could be attributed to gastrointestinal discomfort and an altered perception of smell and taste. The olfactory test revealed that cancer patients were significantly less sensitive than the control group. Also, a smaller number of participants in the cancer group were reported to have a normal taste function, which enabled them to perceive umami, one of the five basic taste compared to those in the control group. These findings demonstrated that gastric cancer patients experience post-surgical digestive issues, chemotherapy-induced changes in smell and taste, and appetite loss. To improve the quality of life of these patients and the efficacy of the treatment, it is necessary to consider not only their nutritional requirements but also other factors such as appetite loss and discomfort when developing meals specifically for them.

Purpose: This study compares the chest compression quality, and the willingness and confidence to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) before and after education between the compression only CPR (COCPR) group and the standard CPR (STCPR) group using manikins. Method: This study employs a randomized controlled trial design. A total of 219 and 214 individuals were randomly assigned to the COCPR and STCPR groups, respectively. Both groups were asked to perform CPR for 2 min before and after education. The willingness and confidence to perform CPR were surveyed through a questionnaire. Results: Before education, the STCPR group had a significantly higher mean chest compression depth and accuracy than the COCPR group for the entire 2 min. After education, the STCPR group had a significantly higher mean chest compression depth for 2 min and higher compression accuracy for late 1 min than the COCPR group. However, no significant difference in the willingness and confidence to perform CPR according to the compression method was evident. Conclusion: Repeated training is required to maintain chest compression quality. CPR education improves willingness and confidence to perform CPR.

본 연구는 한국의 문화전통인 ‘웃음’이 한국 근현대 예술음악에서 어떻게 현전하고 있는지를 밝히는 것을 목적으로 하였으며, 그 연구의 중심 대상을 한국 창작 희극오페라로 제한하였다. 고찰의 대상이 된 작품은 한국 오페라 수용사에서 성공적인 수용을 기록한 희극오페라들인 《춘향전》, 《결혼》, 《시집가는 날》, 《천생연분》, 《봄봄》이다. 또한 비극오페라에 내재된 한국적 웃음문화의 특성을 배제하지 않았으며, 그 대표적인 예시로 비극적인 전쟁 오페라 《산불》에 나타난 전통 웃음의 특성인 ‘웃음으로 눈물 닦기’를 살펴보았다. 연구결과 크게 두 가지 유형의 성격으로 분류할 수 있었다. 그 첫째는 한국특유의 해학과 풍자이다. 고전을 음악화한 오페라 《춘향전》이 여러 작곡가들에 의해 각각 다른 희극적인 어법으로 작곡되어 있었으며, 대표적인 해학 예술인 『맹진사댁 경사』 또한 홍연택의 《시집가는 날》과 임준희의 《천생연분》에서 각각 날카로운 풍자와 밝은 해학과 같은 다른 성격을 가진 오페라로 작곡되는 등 시대적 감성에 따라 차별화된 수용이 나타난다. 두 번째 유형은 청중을 자기성찰적인 비평적 인식으로 유도하는 웃음이다. 실내 오페라인 공석 준의 《결혼》과 이건용의 《봄봄》에서 이러한 웃음이 추구되었으며, 각각 유머적, 해학적 웃음을 통해 물질적인 삶의 우스꽝스러움을 조명하거나, 부조리한 상황에 대한 자기성찰로 청중을 유도하고 있다.

Substantial knowledge about how electronic word of mouth (eWOM) relates to influentials, or, individuals who either intentionally or unintentionally have a great impact on the network, is lacking because influence patterns are hardly quantifiable when human and societal components are not deeply understood. The eWOM networks in social media platforms drive the theoretical and practical progress of the social structure of eWOM and the social role of influentials. The purpose of this study is to explore the diffusion of eWOM in a Twitter network by drawing from the Diffusion of Innovation theory in conjunction with Social Network Analysis (SNA) approach. Through a large amount of data collected from Twitter regarding the terrorist attack in Paris on November 13, 2015, this study examined the social structure of eWOM network groups and identifies the social role of influential users in the network of #prayforparis. To identify influentials of eWOM in Twitter networks, SNA was conducted with NodeXL, which is an Excel add-in network analysis software. The Twitter data set was uploaded at 11 am, on November 17, 2015 by applying hashtag prayforparis through Twitter Search Network feature of NodeXL. A total of 19,592 tweets (vertices) were downloaded with a total of 20,297 edges (relations between vertices). “Justin Bieber” was identified as the most influential and dominant user in the network of #prayforparis because he has the highest in-degree (4,196) and highest betweenness centrality (51,772,745.861). Justin Bieber lost one of his friends in the terrorist attack, and his tweet about the sadness from the loss was retweeted more than 50,000 times and received 77,000 likes. Throughout the network, top word pairs respectively repeated more than 4,000 times were “thomas, prayforparis,” “rt, justinebieber,” “rip, thomas,” and “justinbiber, rip.” “Ally Brook” and “Louis Tomlin” ranked 3rd and 5th respectively with the highest betweenness centrality also demonstrated the celebrity power in the eWOM network of #prayforparis. While the three celebrities as dominant influentials were prominent in the Twitter network of #prayforparis, the social roles of fans were also acknowledged. The celebrities’ fans and fan sites have constantly diffused the celebrities’ posts by retweeting and by mentioning every tweet posted by the celebrities that they support. Without the celebrities and their fans, the #prayforparis network would have depicted a completely different style of diffusion of eWOM. The study confirmed social role of fans that constantly presented idiosyncratic manners by identifying and by linking to the public figure. The distinctive characteristics of the fans also enabled identifying the social role of the celebrity while spreading the new ideas with hashtag. The celebrity played a key role as an information hub even in a network of socio-political events such as the #prayforparis Twitter network. Thus, identified overwhelming influence of the celebrities in the eWOM network extends the areas of marketing choices and applicable strategies with celebrities.

Panax ginseng, also known as Korean ginseng, has long been used as a broad tonic in Oriental medicine to augment vitality, health, and longevity, particularly in older people. This study investigated the effects of Korean red ginseng (RG) on bone loss in ovariectomized (OVX) mice. C3H/HeN mice (10-weeks-old) were divided into sham and OVX groups. OVX mice were treated with vehicle, 17β-estradiol (E2), RG (oral administration, 250 mg/kg/day), or RG (intraperitoneal administration, 50 mg/kg/every other day) for 6 weeks. Serum E2 concentration and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity were measured. Tibiae were analyzed using microcomputed tomography. Biomechanical properties and osteoclast surface level were measured. There was no significant difference in the degree of grip strength, body weight, uterine weight, mechanical property, tibiae length, or tibiae weight between the OVX and RG-treated groups. Compared with the OVX group, the serum ALP level was significantly lower in the RG-treated groups. Serum E2 levels and osteoclast surface levels did not change between the OVX and RG-treated groups. RG could not preserve trabecular bone volume, trabecular bone number, trabecular separation, trabecular thickness, structure model index, or bone mineral density of the proximal tibiae metaphysic. In conclusion, there was no definite effect of RG on OVX-induced bone loss in C3H/HeN mice.

당근의 약배양을 통한 효율적 식물체 재생 시스템을 확립하고자 실험을 수행하였다. 당근 유전형 ‘S&P2342’의 약을 2,4-D와 NAA를 각각 0.1 mg/L 또는 1.0 mg/L 단독 또는 조합 처리한 배지에 치상하여 암조건에서 18주간 배양하였을 때, 2,4-D 1.0 mg/L + NAA 0.1 mg/L 조합처리에서 캘러스 형성율 22.0%, 배형성율 2.0%로 반응이 가장 좋았다. 약으로부터 직접적으로 유도된 1차배를 분리하여 명조건에서 2주간 배양 후 재생배지로 옮겨 배양하였을 때 배양 4주 후부터 발아하다가 생장이 멈추어진 1차배로부터 다수의 2차배가 형성되기 시작하였다. 배양 8주 후 62.5%가 식물체로 전환되었으며, 12주 후 본엽이 전개된 소식물체로 발달하였다. 또한 약으로부터 유도된 캘러스를 분리하여 재생배지에서 배양하였는데, 8주 후 93.9%의 캘러스로부터 1차배가 형성되었으며, 38.8%에서 1차배로부터 2차배 형성을 거쳐 식물체로 전환되었다. 약배양 유래 소식물체(본엽 2매 이상, 초장 2-4 cm)의 건전한 기내 생장을 유도하기 위해 실시한 광도(10, 30, 100, 150 μmol·m-2·s-1) 처리에서 100 μmol·m-2·s-1이 소식물체의 생장에 가장 효과적이었다. 소식물체의 효율적인 기외 활착을 위하여 본엽 4매 이상, 초장 5 cm 이상의 소식물체를 플러그 트레이에 이식 후 플라스틱 재배용기 안에 넣은 다음 온도 (15, 20, 25℃)와 광도(μmol·m-2·s-1) 처리를 각각 2주간에 걸쳐 실시하였는데, 온도 처리에서는 15℃가 기외 활착에 가장 적합하였으며, 광도 처리에서는 100 μmol·m-2·s-1 처리구만 기외 활착이 원활하였다. 결론적으로 당근의 약배양으로부터 직접 배형성 또는 캘러스 단계를 거치는 간접 배형성이 이루어졌으며, 1차배로부터 2차배가 형성된 후 발아를 거쳐 소식물체가 재생되었으며 이를 성공적으로 활착시켜 정상적인 식물체를 얻을 수 있었다. 본 연구를 통하여 당근에서의 약배양으로부터 직접 및 간접 배형성을 통한 식물체 재생 시스템을 구축하였으며, 향후 당근의 F1 잡종 생산을 위한 순수 동형접 합성 유지계통 및 화분친 모본계통의 획득에 활용할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.