Zn(BH4)2 was prepared by milling ZnCl2 and NaBH4 in a planetary ball mill in an Ar atmosphere, and XRD analysis, SEM observation, FT-IR analysis, DTA, and TGA were performed for synthesized Z (BH4)2 samples. 90 wt% MgH2+ 1.67 wt% Zn(BH4)2(+NaCl)+5 wt% Ni+1.67 wt% Ti+1.67 wt% Fe (named 90MgH2+1.67Zn(BH4) (+NaCl)+5Ni+1.67Ti+1.67Fe) samples were also prepared by milling in a planetary ball mill in an H2 atmosphere. The gas absorption and release properties of the Zn(BH4)2(+NaCl) and 90MgH2+1.67Zn(BH4)2(+NaCl)+5Ni+1.67Ti+1.67Fe samples were investigated. An FT-IR analysis showed that Zn(BH4)2 formed in the Zn(BH4)2(+NaCl) samples prepared by milling ZnCl2 and NaBH4. At the first cycle at 320 oC, 90MgH2+1.67Zn(BH4)2(+NaCl)+5Ni+1.67Ti+1.67Fe absorbed 2.95 wt% H for 2.5 min and 4.93 wt% H for 60 min under 12 bar H2, and released 1.46 wt% H for 10 min and 4.57 wt% H for 60 min under 1.0 bar H2.

Artificial insemination (AI) has been performed widely in swine industry using fresh liquid sperm instead of frozen type of sperm. However fresh sperm are not able to preserve more than three days with optimal motility and other sperm parameters for the successful fertilization, since in vitro stored sperm has an oxidative stress that resulted increase of abnormality and acrosome reation. To overcome these major problems, novel preservative formulation is needed to neutralize the oxidative stress and to provide suitable physiological environment for sperm in in vitro. In this study, naturally derived substances such as Poncirus trifoliate (Trifoliate orange), Garcinia mangostana (Mangosteen), pig placenta and testis extracts were tested as sperm preservative agents. Placenta extracts (PE), trifoliate orange extracts (TOE), testes extracts (TE) and mangosteen extracts (ME) were applied to analyze specific parameters for sperm motion characteristics individually and combinatorial. Each individual extract treatment can accelerate the sperm motility but noticeably TOE, TE and ME treatments exhibited the considerable and significant preservation of sperm motility. PE, TE and ME showed a significant (p<0.05) increase in ALH after one week. Further we evaluated the five different combinations of these extracts on sperm motility and its motion characteristics. Surprisingly even after one week ME, TOE and TE combination significantly preserved the sperm motility about 75%. It is noteworthy that unlike individual extract treatment, combination of ME, TOE and TE simultaneously protect the sperm motility and its motion characteristics. Taken together these data conclude that addition of ME, TOE and TE can be effective for preservation of pig sperm.

관상동맥 조영술(CAG)의 씨네(Cine) 촬영에서 엑스선 촬영 조건의 변화가 입사 표면 선량(ESD)과 흡수 선량(DAP)에 미치는 관계를 알아보고자 하였고 image J 프로그램을 통해 촬영된 혈관 조영 영상의 SNR과 CNR을 측정·분석하여 조건 변화가 선량관계 및 영상의 질에 미치는 유용성을 분석하고자 하였다. 2017년 11월부터 2018년 3월까지 본원에서 CAG를 시행한 33명(남24, 여9)의 데이터를 대상으로 하였고, 연령대는 37-76세(평균 59±10세), 몸무게53-104kg (평균 72±10kg), 키150-185cm (평균 166.82±9.5kg), BMI 18.3-33.2(평 균 25.8±3.2)이었다. 촬영조건 및 데이터 획득은 관전류(mA)를 높게 한 A그룹(397.2mA)과 mA를 낮게 한 B 그룹(370.7mA)의 ESD와 DAP를 후향적으로 획득하여 비교․분석 하였고 Image J를 통한 SNR과 CNR 측정· 분석은 획득한 데이터를 공식에 대입하여 결과 값을 도출하였다. 통계프로그램은 SPSS (PASW)를 사용하여 촬영조건 변화에 따른 ESD와 DAP 및 SNR ․ CNR의 상관관계 등을 분석하였다. 촬영조건의 mA에 변화 를 주어 촬영한 A그룹과 B그룹의 ESD(A:483.5±60.1, B:464.4±39.9)와 DAP(A:84.3±10.7, B:81.5±7)간의 관계는 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다(p>0,05). Image J를 통한 SNR과 CNR의 관계에선 B그룹의 좌심장동맥(LC A)을 촬영해 얻은 영상의 SNR(5.451±0.529), CNR(0.411±0.0432)이 A그룹 좌심장동맥(LCA)의 SNR(4.976±0.4 33), CNR(0.459±0.0431)보다 SNR 0.475±0.096, CNR -0.048±0.0로 차이가 있었으나 통계적으로 유의하지는 않았다(p<0.05). 우심장동맥(RCA)을 촬영해 획득한 SNR과 CNR에선 A그룹의 SNR(4.731±0.773)과 CNR(0.3 54±0.083)이 B그룹의 SNR(3.24±0.368), CNR(0.166±0.033)보다 SNR 1.491±0.405, CNR 0.188±0.005로 증가된 수치를 나타냈으며 그 중 CNR이 통계적으로 유의했다(p<0.05). 상관관계 분석 결과에서는 SNR (LCA) & C NR (LCA), SNR (RCA) & CNR (RCA), ESD & DAP, ESD & sec, DAP & CNR (RCA), DAP & sec간에 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 나타냈다(p<0.05). SNR과 CNR이 높을수록 선명하고 좋은 화질을 나타냄을 의미하는 데 화질평가 및 선량변화 유용성에 관한 분석 연구를 진행한 결과 mA를 증가시켜 촬영 한 CAG의 RCA영 상에서 SNR과 CNR이 증가된 수치를 보였다. 특히, CNR이 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 나타낸 것을 보았을 때 RCA촬영 시 mA를 향상시켜 촬영 할 경우 영상의 질 중 대조도가 한층 더 향상 될 수 있을 것으로 사료 된다.

Background : This study aimed to determine the use of proper organic fertilizer through side dressing application in the environmental cultivation of Adenophora triphylla var. japonica Hara. to improve farming income. Methods and Results : In the cultivation of eco-friendly and environmental medicinal plant like Adenophora triphylla var. japonica Hara., it is necessary to use organic instead of chemical fertilizer. Organic fertilizers such as HL, CK, OK were applied three (3) times during the last ten days of July, August, and September. There was no significant difference between CF and NT, in terms of the number of rooting per 1㎡ which was 12.1 -12.9. There were also no significant differences in plant length, leaf length, leaf width and dry weight. The root length was 19.9 ㎝, which was the longest in CK, and 16.8 ㎝, the shortest in ST, but described as no significant difference. The root width was 14.8 – 5.5 ㎜, and the number of rootlet was 5.7 - 7.1, but was considered not a significant difference. The dry weight was 16.6 g in HL, 16.3 g in CK and ST, and 15.6 g in OK, but still there were no significant differences observed. However, it was 14.6 g in NT, which was considered the lowest, thus there was a significant difference. The number of dry root per 10 a was 149 ㎏ which is considered the most in HL, 141 ㎏ in CK, 140 ㎏ in ST, and 138kg in OK yet there were no significant differences observed. While NT only had 123 ㎏ hence, there was a significant difference on the number of dry root per 10a as compared with the group applied with the three organic fertilizers. Conclusion : In conclusion, it is proper to use Organic Fertilizer HL and CK through side dressing application in growing Adenophora triphylla var. japonica Hara.

Background : This project was conducted to determine proper seed harvest time and seed storage methods of Adenophora triphylla var. japonica Hara. Methods and Results : When Adenophora triphylla var. japonica Hara. transplanted this year, seeding can only be done the following year. Therefore, the seeds harvested in the interval of ten (10) days were investigated for seed harvest amount, germination rate, seed storage temperature and storing on container, between the period late August and mid-October. It is when the seed fructification started and ended. The seeds harvested from the first ten (10) days of October to mid October were 87.9% in whole seeds. The proper seed harvesting time was mid October which has a germination rate of 75% in whole seed harvest time. The lowest germination rate of 27.3% was at the germination temperature of 15℃. As the temperature rises, the germination rate increases. In 29℃, the germination rate was at 79% which is the highest; and from 30℃, the germination rate decreased to 71%. When the storage temperature was at 0℃ after storage of 5 months, the germination rate was at 83%. However, after storage of 12 months, it decreased by 7% that was 76%. When in 4℃, after storage of 5 months the germination rate was at 85%. However, after storage of 12 months it decreased by 8% which was 77%. In room temperature after storage of 5 months, germination rate was at 77%, but after storage of 12 months it decreased by 22% which was 55%. When seeds were stored in vinyl container, it was observed that the germination rate was at 86% after 5 months of storage, which was 9% higher than seed stored in paper which was 77%. After 12 months storage, seed in vinyl container had a germination rate of 71%, which was 3% higher than seed in paper at 68%. Conclusion : It is concluded that the proper time of seed gathering of Adenophora triphylla var. japonica Hara. is during the first ten (10) days of October to mid-October. When the long time storage is needed, below zero temperature with vinyl container is more appropriate.

Background : Adenophora triphylla var. japonica Hara. is one of the important oriental medicinal herbs being used to cure lung/respiratory diseases. It belongs to the five Sam (ginseng) including Panax ginseng, Salvia miltiorrhiza, Sophora flavescens, and Scrophularia buergeriana. In 2015, Korea produced 72 tons of medicinal herbs in a 14-hectare area and imported 24 tons valued at US$95,000. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of several biopesticides to control leaf spot of A. triphylla var. japonica Hara. Methods and Results : One year plants at the Department of Herbal Crop Research, NIHHS, RDA were used. The treatments used biopesticides such as plant extracts (BP), microbial agent (DM), microbial agent (PJ), sulfur powder (HS), and controlled chemicals (ST), while non treatment (NT) was used as control. After the early part of disease outbreak, the plants were treated four times with 7 days interval. The incidence of leaf spot, efficacy, phytotoxicity and control value were investigated. Based on the efficacy test, incidence of leaf spot is lowest at 15.6% in plant extracts (BP). Other biopesticides showed higher incidence - 16.7% for microbial agent (DM), 17.8% for microbial agent (PJ), 18.9% for sulfur powder (HS) and 71.1% for non treatment (NT), compared with 11.1% in controlled chemicals (ST). The microbial agent (PJ), sulfur powder (HS), plant extracts (BP) and microbial agent (DM) were not damaged in the phytotoxicity test. In the test of application dose, time and methods, the control value was highest in plant extracts (BP) at 78.1%, followed by microbial agent (DM) at 76.6%, microbial agent (PJ) at 75.0%, and sulfur powder (HS) at 73.4% , compared with controlled chemicals (ST) at 84.4%. Conclusion : It is possible to use biopesticides at the proper time to prevent leaf spot in Adenophora triphylla var. japonica Hara.

Background : Adenophora triphylla var. japonica Hara. is used to cure respiratory/ lung diseases, which makes it an important oriental medicinal herb. It is one of the five Sam (ginseng), which includes Panax ginseng, Salvia miltiorrhiza, Sophora flavescens, and Scrophularia buergeriana. In 2015, Korea imported 24 tons of medicinal herbs worth US$95,000. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of several mulching materials on the growth and root yield of A. triphylla var. japonica using organic fertilizer. Methods and Result : Seeds of A. triphylla var. japonica were collected at the nursery of the Department of Herbal Crop Research, NIHHS, RDA in 2015. Mulching materials used are black plastic, black woven fabric, and biodegradable plastic. Hand weeding was done to serve as control. The soil was fertilized two months before planting. Seeds of A. triphylla var. japonica were sowed in tray in early March and were allowed to grow for two months. It was planted in early May with planting density of 30 ㎝ x 15 ㎝ and was covered with various mulching materials. Parameters investigated are survival rate, aerial part and root growth characteristics, and yield at harvest time. Results showed that biodegradable plastic is most favorable for plant growth with height of 17.2cm, leaf length of 13.4cm and leaf width of 5.6 ㎝. Dry plant weight was heaviest in biodegradable plastic treatment at 2.8 g, and lightest at 2.5 g when planted without mulch. Biodegradable plastic has the highest dry root weight of 19.3 g, followed by black vinyl (18.4 g), woven fabric (18.3 g) and without mulch (17.9 g). The yield obtained per 10 a was highest in biodegradable plastic treatment at 174 ㎏, while black vinyl and woven fabric treatments produced 169 ㎏ and 160 ㎏, respectively. Plants without mulch had the lowest yield of 157 ㎏. Conclusion : In the above results, biodegradable plastic and woven fabric are considered suitable mulching materials for the cultivation of A. triphylla var. japonica.

The purpose of this study is to explore the concept of a logistics hub, identify key factors and milestones for its development, and give some recommendations and implications to developing countries. For this the countries competing to be Logistics hub in Northeast Asia (NEA), such as South Korea, japan and China, are taken into consideration These countries have under its priority policies the development of a logistics hub vision to become the central area of the region achieving microeconomic and macroeconomic prosperity. Based on the review of the relevant literature, five factors came up as key determinants for the development of a hub project: 1. Logistics services support and infrastructure. 2. Business environment. 3. Economic determinants. 4. Political support and 5. Access to international markets. These are going to be analyzed together with its different variables, using statistical methods.

“Joeun” is a new semi - hard wheat variety with early maturity and good milling quality. It was developed from a cross between “Eunpamil” and “Suwon 242” at the National Crop Experiment Station, RDA. “Eunpamil” as a female parent was medium in plant heigh