In this study, we investigated the effects of diesel-palm oil biodiesel-ethanol blends on combustion and emission characteristics in a 4-cylinder common rail direct injection (CRDI) diesel engine at low idling operations. The engine speed and engine load was 750 rpm and 40 Nm, while the main and pilot injection timing was respectively fixed at 2 °CA before top dead center (BTDC) and 20 °CA BTDC. The experimental results showed that the cylinder pressure increased with the increasing of palm oil biodiesel ratio from 20% to 100%. In addition, the peak value of cylinder pressure increased by 4.35% compared with pure diesel fuel when 5 vol.% ethanol oil added to diesel oil. Because the palm oil biodiesel and ethanol are the oxygenated fuel, the oxygen content played an important role in improving combustion. Based on the high oxygen content of biodiesel and ethanol, their mixing with diesel fuel effectively reduced PM emissions but increased NOx slightly, while CO and HC had no significant changes.

In this study, the effect of various pilot injection timings on combustion and emission characteristics were investigated in a common-rail direct injection (CRDI) diesle engine fueled with diesel-ethanol blends. The engine speed and engine load were controlled at constant 1500rpm and 70Nm, respectively. The tested fuels were DE0 (pure diesel fuel), DE5 (5 vol.% ethanol blended with 95 vol.% diesel oil), DE10 (10 vol.% ethanol blended with 90 vol.% diesel oil) and DE15 (15 vol.% ethanol blended with 85 vol.% diesel oil). The main injection timing was fixed at 0°CA TDC (top dead center), while various pilot injection timings including 25°CA BTDC (before top dead center), 20°CA BTDC and 10°CA BTDC were selected as the experimental variable. The experimental results showed that various pilot injection timings had little effect on the peak value of cylinder pressure, but had great influence on the start of combustion. The peak value of heat release rate (HHR) increased with the increase of ethanol content. However, the peak value of HRR reduced as the pilot injection is delayed. The diesel fuel containing 10% ethanol had a highest peak value of combustion pressure compared with the others, while the pilot injection timing occurred at 25°CA BTDC. On the other hand, the exhaust emissions of DE10 was also the lowest compared with the others. In addition, with the increase of ethanol content in diesel the PM and NOx emissions reduced.

Deicing agent refers to the substance that melts snow by exothermic or endothermic chemical reaction after spraying on snow. It also has the function of reducing the freezing point to prevent freezing. However, the long-term use of deicing agent can cause some negative problems, such as pot hole, concrete corrosion, vehicle and steel bridge parts corrosion. At present, wet salt spray deicing is a cost-effective deicing method that is being widely used. Typical deicing agents are calcium chloride and sodium chloride. Deicing equipment is placed to similar or higher corrosive environment than coastal or marine environment due to direct contact to chloride in deicing operation. Therefore, the anti-corrosion control is very important for the maintenance of deicing equipment. In this study, corrosion resistance, blistering and repairability of the deicing equipment were tested by using test standard (salt water production and spraying- KS D 9502 , evaluating degree of rusting- ASTM D 610, evaluating degree of blistering- ASTM D 714, pull-off strangth of coatings- ASTM D 4541). And an economical coating system with long-term antirust performance was constructed. The results show that the performance of the coating system has been improved than with the original coating.

This study describes the effects of palm oil biodiesel (PD) blended with diesel on the combustion performance, emission characteristics and soot morphology in a 4-cylinder CRDI diesel engine. 5 kinds of fuels are used with blending as diesel/biodiesel volume ratio 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 100%. The engine is operated under idle speed, 750rpm and load conditions of the engine are 0 Nm and 40Nm. The Coefficient of Variation(COV) of Indicated Mean Effective Pressure(IMEP) shows that the engine operates very steadily in the idle state. But fuel consumption is increased. And Emission results show that the oxygen in biodiesel has a great influence on the production of exhaust emissions. The nitrogen oxides(NOx) is decreased because of high viscosity and low heating values of biodiesel at low blend ratio. But NOx and Carbon monoxide(CO) are increased above a certain blend ratio. Particulate matter(PM) and Hydrocarbons(HC) is decreased according to increase of blend ratio. The size of soot is decreased and the morphology of soot is developed to cluster with increasing blend ratio.

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are a source of air pollution and are harmful to both human health and the environment. In this study, we fabricated polyurethane/rare earth (PU/RE) composite nanofibrous membranes via electrospinning with the aim of removing VOCs from air. The morphological structure of PU/RE nanofibrous mats were investigated using FE-SEM, EDX, and XRD experimental analyses. A certain amount of RE (up to 50 wt% compared to PU pellets) particles could be loaded on/into PU fibers. The PU nanofiber containing 50 wt% RE powder had the smallest fiber diameter of 356 nm; it also showed the highest VOCs absorption capacity compared with other composite membranes, having an absorption capacity about 3 times greater than pure PU nanofibers. In addition, all of the PU/RE nanofibrous membranes readily absorbed styrene the most, followed by xylene, toluene, benzene and chloroform. Therefore, the PU/RE nanofibrous membrane can play an important role in removing VOCs from the air, and its development prospects are impressive because they are emerging materials.

전통적인 화석 에너지 자원의 고갈과 환경오염 악화 등의 관점에서 볼 때 에너지 절약 및 배출가스의 저감은 동시에 해결해야 되는 문제로 대두되고 있다. 바이오연료는 대체연료의 하나로서 이러한 문제들을 효과적으로 해소할 수 있는 대안으로 떠오르고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 커먼레일 터보과급디젤기관에서 카놀라유 바이오디젤연료의 적용효과를 알아보기 위하여 실험적으로 고찰하였다. 실험에 사용된 연료는 ULSD(초저황 디젤유), BD20(체적비로 20%인 카놀라유와 80% 디젤유 혼합) 및 PCO(순수한 카놀라유)를 사용하였다. 카놀라유 바이오디젤연료의 혼합율이 증가함에 따라 입자상물질(PM)과 일산화탄소 (CO)는 크게 감소하였으며, 질소산화물(NOx)은 약간 증가하는 현상을 보였다.

This study describes the effects of polyurethane/loess powder (PU/LP) nanofiber thin films composite produced from electrospun for absorption volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from air. Environmental issue has become a focus with improving people's living quality. The VOCs are one of the factors that affect the environmental safety. So, in order to improve the environment and safety for people, many air cleaning techniques have been investigated. One of the methods is nanofiber filtration technology. In this study, the PU nanofiber thin film has been studied that it has the adsorption of VOCs capacity, and LP nanoparticles (NPs) can be used as an additive to load into PU nanofiber thin film by electrospinning. For studying PU/LP nanofiber thin films's absorption of VOCs capacity, 4 samples (0, 10, 30, and 50 wt% LP with respect to PU) were manufactured, respectively. The results show that PU composite mats containing 30 wt% LP NPs has the highest VOCs absorption capacity, and the adsorption capacity for toluene was the highest compared to benzene and chloroform.

This study describes the effects of treated water (TW) on PH changing, growth of watermelon seedlings, canola oil and diesel absorption, the antibacterial ability of the filter that composited from polyurethane(PU) and silver powder(Ag) producing by Electrospinning. In this study, we used the battery energy acquired from solar cell, the water has been processed when it pass through the electromagnetic field. The results of this research indicated that the PH value of TW changed slightly compared with untreated water (UW), but the TW could absorb smell of PH reagent. In addition, the TW could also promote the growth of watermelon seedling, and the growth of watermelon seedling stem length was about twice compared with UW. On the effects of canola oil and diesel absorption, the TW also showed a good oil absorptive capacity, especially for the diesel absorption, it could absorb 28% diesel. For the PU+PU+Ag/CNT filter, it showed about 100% of the antibacterial rate on strain 1 (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538P) and 2 (Escherichia coli ATCC 8739).

In this study, we investigated the effects of EGR rate and engine load on the emission characteristics in a 4-cylinder common rail direct injection diesel engine fueled with canola oil biodiesel (BD) blended fuel. The biodiesel blend fuel, BD20 (20 vol.% biodiesel and 80 vol.% ULSD blend) was used at an engine speed of 1,500rpm. The experimental results showed that with the increasing of EGR rate, the combustion pressure and rate of heat release (ROHR) of three test fuels were decreased, and the ignition delay was extended, the carbon monoxide (CO) and particulate matter (PM) emissions increased slightly, but the nitrogen oxide (NOx) emission decreased clearly. On the other hand, with the increasing of engine load, the combustion pressure and ROHR were increased, and the CO and PM emissions decreased. However, the NOx emission was increased due to the rise of the combustion temperature.