Wild birds, especially aquatic birds, are the natural reservoir of avian influenza virus (AIV), and many kinds of water body can be contaminated with feces of these birds. Seasonally, AIVs can be dissolved in the environmental water from the feces of the infected birds, and this water can be a target for viral detection and identification. In this study, we employed and tested three different filters for concentrating AIV, and it was shown that high concentration factor in terms of viral density could be achieved with viral samples diluted with natural water. Wild bird fecal samples containing low pathogenicity H5 AIVs were successfully concentrated with the adsorption and elution method using mixed cellulose esters membrane; the recovery rate of virus was 35.5 % and the concentration factor was about 50 on average. For the larger volume of water sample, we proved that an inline disposable filter with high surface area, 300 cm2, has a comparable concentration factor to the adsorption and elution method and the filter could be used in the field conveniently by being plugged into peristaltic pump. These validated methods for water sampling may be used as a supplementary for virological surveillance on wild migratory birds or during the epidemiological investigation on the environment near affected premises by AIV.

This study analyzes overall honey consumption and purchasing behavior, and in particular, seeks to identify factors that influence the willingness to pay (WTP) for native honey. A survey of 500 South Korean consumers was conducted to understand their purchasing experiences and perceptions related to honey. A multiple linear regression analysis was carried out to comprehend the effect of the following factors on the willingness to pay for native honey: 1) knowledge of honey, 2) health consciousness, 3) the unhealthy = tasty intuition (UTI), and 4) positive perception of sweetness. As a result, consumers with more knowledge about honey, higher health consciousness and more positive perception of sweetness were more willing to pay for native honey. On the other hand, past honey purchasing or consuming experience had no significant impact on the willingness to pay for native honey. Marketing strategies and implications were derived from the characteristics of native honey consumers identified in this study.

Poultry is one of the three major meats in Korea and is a representative source of protein. The annual per capita consumption of chicken has been showing steady growth trends, with an increase of approximately 89% in 2018 compared to that of 2005. In this study, we investigated the domestic chicken production and consumption, and conducted an overall study on the domestic chicken industry. By using consumer panel data, we analyzed the characteristics of consumers buying chicken. Specifically, poultry was categorized into two types: traditional raw chicken and processed chicken, which emphasizes convenience. The purchase of raw chickens has generally been on the decline. From these, however, the proportion of native Korean chicken and chicken cuts is on the rise. Processed chicken, on the other hand, continues to grow, especially online. After examining the consumption characteristics of consumers who buy chicken, it was found that the purchase share increased with increasing age of native Korean chickens, whereas the purchase share increased with decreasing age of processed chicken. Based on these results, we confirmed that it is necessary to establish differentiated marketing and promotion strategies for each consumer target for the growth of chicken market.

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of moisture contents (40, 50, 60%) and CO2 gas injection (0 and 800 mL/min) on physicochemical properties of extruded soy protein isolate (SPI). The expansion ratio and specific length at 40 and 50% moisture contents with CO2 gas injection increased while piece density decreased. On the contrary, the expansion ratio and specific length of extruded SPI at 60% moisture content with CO₂ gas injection decreased while piece density increased. Extruded SPI with CO2 gas injection had small cell size and higher amount of cell than extruded SPI without CO2 gas injection. The water holding capacity and nitrogen solubility index increased with CO2 gas injection increased while the integrity index and the springiness and cohesiveness decreased. In conclusion, extruded SPI with CO2 gas injection showed better expansion properties and cell formation than extruded SPI without CO2 gas injection.