The chemical composition of 86 species of native plants in Korea, including plants to be afforestation, was analyzed. The chemical composition of the species analyzed was different. The species with the highest extractable content was Viburnum dilatatum (3.91%), and the species with the lowest extractable content was Ligustrum lucidum (0.11%). The lignin content ranged from 12 to 39%, with an average of 25%. The species with the highest lignin content was Chaenomeles lagenaria (39.37%). Hemicellulose content ranged from 18 to 52%, with the highest species being Thuja occidentalis (51.22%) and Eucommia ulmoides (48.84%). Cellulose content ranged from 25 to 58%, and the species with the highest content were Prunus serrulata (57.67%), Diospyros kaki (57.14%), Aesculus turbinata (53.29%), Albizia julibrissin (53.02%), and Zelkova serrata (52.29%). The chemical composition was different for each use taxon of 86 plant species. The lignin content was the highest in the fruit group and the lowest in the group other than recommended species for afforestation. Cellulose content was highest in non-reforestation-recommended tree species and lowest in fruit trees. In classification according to tree height, lignin content was higher in shrubs than in tall trees, and cellulose content was highest in tall trees. Between deciduous and evergreen trees, the lignin content was high in deciduous trees (26.46%), and the cellulose content was also high in deciduous trees (44.01%). As a result of analyzing the correlation between each compound, there was a difference. There tended to be a positive correlation between extractives and lignin content. There was a negative correlation between extractives and holocellulose content, hemicellulose and cellulose. The higher extract content affected the cellulose content much more than hemicellulose. Also, the higher the lignin content, the lower the cellulose content. The species with low lignin content and high cellulose content were Diospyros kaki and Prunus serrulata var. spontanea. This result is expected to be primary data for bioenergy, pulp industry and bioindustry.

The original focus of this study was to investigate the immediate effects of lumbar rotational mobilization on the one-legged standing ability. Fifteen subjects (6 men and 9 women, mean age = 22.77 (SD = 1.21), mean height = 165.46cm (SD = 11.65), mean weight = 61.46kg (SD = 8.29) volunteers from healthy individuals were recruited and randomized to a lumbar rotational mobilization (LRM) group and a trunk rotational exercise (TRE) group. Mobilization (grade 3 or 4) was applied to the LRM group on the lumbar spine (L1 to L5) in a side-lying, and trunk twist exercise (left and right side) was applied the to the TRE group with lunge position. Center of pressure (COP) and the velocity of the center of pressure (VCOP) of each participant were measured as a balance ability through one leg standing position. Results are as follows. In within-group difference, the COP of the LRM group reduced during standing with the right foot, but the VCOP change of the LRM was not statistically significant. In between-groups difference, COP of TRE group was decreased compared with LRM group only during left leg standing in the eyes (p <.05). The results of this study suggest that LRM is more effective than TRE in improving balance ability.

The main focus of this study was to investigate effects of lumbar central posteroanterior (PA) mobilization on isometric knee extension (IKE) ability and patellar tendon reflex amplitude (PTRA) in healthy university students. University students aged 19-26 (male; 10, female; 10) without any neurological disorders participated voluntarily and excluded the subjects with abnormal reflexes. The participation had an average body mass of 64.25±13.52 kg, an average height of 1.66±0.08m, and an average Body Mass Index (BMI) of 23.07±3.21. Every student was randomly assigned to be received squatting exercise and PA mobilization sequentially with 5 days of wash out period. IKE and PTRA were not significantly different between the two groups after the intervention. All the outcome measures were arranged into two data groups; PA mobilization and squatting exercise data group. In the PA mobilization data group, IKE and PTRA significantly increased after the intervention, however, these aspects were decreased in the squatting exercise group. These findings suggest that IKE and PTRA increase immediately after PA mobilization, therefore PA mobilization could be a valuable topic for controlled clinical trials.

선형 변단면 부재의 삼차원 공간에서의 해석을 위하여 강도행렬을 유도하였다. 변단면 부재의 구조물을 해석하기 위하여 본 연구에서 유도된 강도행렬을 사용하여 구한 결과와 분할부재를 균일단면 탑 형태로 표현하여 ANSYS에서 구한 결과를 비교하여 본 연구의 결과 효율성 및 정확성이 증진된 것을 확인하였다. 본 연구에서 유도된 강도행렬은 변단면 부재와 균일단면 부재의 해석에 사용할 수 있다.

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) have the potential for use in regenerative medicine and in the field of basic research. Therefore, effective cryopreservation and storage of hESCs are important for preservation of newly established cell line for various purposes. Despite poor survival and slow recovery after thawing, the conventional slow freezing method is most commonly used for cryopreservation of hESCs due to its simplicity and ease of use for freezing a large number of hESCs appropriate to clinical applications. Here we controlled the clump size (Group Ⅰ; 400～450 ㎛, Group Ⅱ; 800～900 ㎛, and Group Ⅲ; 1500～1700 ㎛) of hESCs at 5 days after plating using a glass pipette during cryopreservation in order to obtain a larger amount of hESCs after thawing. Attachment rates differed significantly (P<0.05) in each of the three groups and the average of attachment rate of GroupⅡ was highest in SNUhES4 and H1. In particular, the attachment rate of Group Ⅱ in SNUhES3 showed a significant improvement with ROCK inhibitor Y-27632. These results indicate that clump size and cell-cell adhesions of GroupⅡ are appropriate for cryopreservation compared to the Group Ⅰ and Group Ⅲ. This method increased cell viability and reduced the recovery time leading to various experiments, and therefore has an advantage for use with hESCs like newly established in particular. We demonstrated that use of this effective cryopreservation method with control of the clump size of hESCs can effectively improve the attachment rate and survival of post-thaw hESCs with and without Y-27632.

"Sunny Gold", an Asiatic lily variety was released by the National Horticultural Research Institute (NHRI), in 2006. A cross was made between a yellow colored Asiatic lily variety "Mona" and a light yellow colored Asiatic lily variety "A93-15(Sunray x Foxtrot)" in 1996. Selection was made in the natural cultivation condition from the progenies derived from the cross between "Mona" and "A93-15" in 1998. The flower characteristics and performance of "Sunny Gold (line name was Wonkyo C1-88)" were investigated from 2000 to 2005. Although its flowering time is middle of the June, year-round cut flower production was possible by storing the bulbs at -1 or -2℃. It has unspotted, upward facing, and yellow petals with no fragrance. The plant height is 87.3 cm. The width of flower is 14.2 cm. The weight and circumstance of bulb are 15.2 g and 10.9 cm, respectively. For forcing culture, it is necessary to add calcium to the fertilizer or remove side scales to prevent leaf scorch. Botrytis disease should be properly controlled especially in wet season.

"Pinky Smile", an Asiatic lily variety was released by the National Horticultural Research Institute (NHRI), in 2006. A cross was made between a light pink colored Asiatic lily variety "Marlene" and a white colored Asiatic lily variety "Pinguin" in 1998. Selection was made in the natural cultivation condition from the progenies derived from the cross between "Marlene" and "Pinguin" in 2000. The flower characteristics and performance of "Pinky Smile (line name was Wongyo C1-82)" were investigated from 2001 to 2005. Although its flowering time is early June, year-round cut flower production was possible by storing the bulbs at -1 or -2℃. It has unspotted, upward facing, and ivory-pink (RP62A+W155B) petals with no fragrance. The plant height is 107 cm. The width of flower is 13.9 cm. The weight and circumstance of bulb are 39.3 g and 15.4 cm, respectively. For forcing culture, it is necessary to add calcium to the fertilizer or remove side scales to prevent leaf scorch. Botrytis disease should be properly controlled especially in wet season.

A new gerbera variety 'Claret' was released by the National Horticultural Research Institute (NHRI) in 2006. A cross was made between 'Rako' with pink and semi-double and 'Sessile' with orange and single in 2000. After investigation of the characteristics for 6 years (from 2000 to 2006), it was selected specially for the use of cut-flower. 'Claret' is vigorous cultivar with purple and semi-double. It produces a large yield with continuous supply of flowers and has adequate peduncle height and brilliant color. We believe that 'Claret' has a great potential for expanding cultivated area of domestic mini-gerbera cultivar and increasing farmers-income.

A new gerbera variety 'Peach Honey' was released by the National Horticultural Research Institute (NHRI) in 2006. A cross was made between 'Ansofie' with white and semi-double and 'Lilabella' with pink and semi-double in 2000. After investigation of the characteristics for 6 years (from 2000 to 2006), it was selected specially for the use of cut-flower. 'Peach Honey' is vigorous cultivar with salmon and semi-double. It produces a large yield with continuous supply of flowers and has adequate peduncle height and brilliant color. We believe that 'Peach Honey' has a great potential for expanding cultivated area of domestic gerbera cultivar and increasing farmers-income.