This study demonstrates a different approach method to fabricate antimony selenide (Sb2Se3) thin-films for the solar cell applications. As-deposited Sb2Se3 thin-films are fabricated via electrodeposition route and, subsequently, annealed in the temperature range of 230 ~ 310oC. Cyclic voltammetry is performed to investigate the electrochemical behavior of the Sb and Se ions. The deposition potential of the Sb2Se3 thin films is determined to be -0.6 V vs. Ag/AgCl (in 1 M KCl), where the stoichiometric composition of Sb2Se3 appeared. It is found that the crystal orientations of Sb2Se3 thin-films are largely dependent on the annealing temperature. At an annealing temperature of 250 oC, the Sb2Se3 thin-film grew most along the c-axis [(211) and/or (221)] direction, which resulted in the smooth movement of carriers, thereby increasing the carrier collection probability. Therefore, the solar cell using Sb2Se3 thin-film annealed at 250 oC exhibited significant enhancement in JSC of 10.03 mA/cm2 and a highest conversion efficiency of 0.821 % because of the preferred orientation of the Sb2Se3 thin film.

본 연구를 통해 애완곤충산업에 이용될 수 있는 곤충 종에 대한 평가지표를 개발하였다. 분석 방법으로는 전문가 의견조사인 델파이 (Delphi) 방법을 이용하여 4개의 대분류와 9개의 중분류로 구성된 평가항목을 도출하였다. 또한, 계층분석과정(AHP)을 활용하여 애완곤충 종을 선발하기 위한 평가기준을 마련하였고, 적용 시험을 통해 점수의 체계화를 구축하였다.

The developmental responses of insects to temperature are important considerations in gaining a better understandingof their ecology and life histories. Temperature dependent models permit examination of the effect of temperature onthe geographical distributions, population dynamics, and management of insects. The measurements of insect developmentaland survival responses to temperature pose practical challenges that depend. The developmental characteristics of A. diaperinuswere investigated at four temperature regimes (20, 25, 30 and 35℃), a relative humidity of 60%, and a light:dark photoperiodof 16:8h. The developmental time from larva to adult was 129.0, 49.8, 40.5 and 31.9 days at temperatures of 20, 25,30 and 35℃, respectively. Pupal rate was 80.0%, 100%, 83.3% and 91.7% at temperatures of 20, 25, 30 and 35 respectively.There is an increasing need for a standardized manual for rearing this. Pupa had significantly lower weights at 35℃than at the other temperatures. Female pupae (20mg) were significantly heavier than male pupae (17mg).

In general, the larvae of Protaetia brevitarsis is raised on fermented oakwood sawdust. Many attempts have been to changes components sawdust, such as using other tree instead of oakwood or adding another material. Like this some study exists, about 'component' of sawdust, however little is known of relation between larval growth and quality of sawdust. The phenomenon-big particle size sawdust flows up on excrement from the larvae-is occurring in used sawdust for raising the larvae. This study was conducted to observe the larvae and adult of Protaetia brevitarsis act according to each sawdust particle size. We conducted choice experiments with Protaetia brevitarsis, which were offered sawdust differing in particle size. Females preferred to lay their eggs on the fine particle sawdust. Also in the case of larvae, the more fine sawdust particle has the more high level of preference, and so is hatchability. Especially larvae tend to be slanted toward finer sawdust. Growth rate of the larvae was shown the highest level in the finest sawdust just as others do. These results show that fine sawdust particle size is advantage for larval development and oviposition.

Artificial insect diets are a crucial factor of many insect rearing systems for research purposes. Three different diets were prepared by formulating variations of the standard diet using various proportions of dried potato powder and wheat germ. The larvae were reared on these diets under long day conditions (25℃, 14L). Fitness parameters including larval development, immature survival, pupal weight, pupation, adult emergence were measured to evaluate the performance of Agrius convovuli. The percentage of pupation varied considerably, with significant differences among diets, on which a maximum pupation percentage of 95.0% was observed. The larvae reared from hatching on diet A completed larval development in 29.1d, and adult emergence occurred on day 17.6d. An analysis of variance showed significant differences among the three diets in the mean pupal weight. These results indicated that A. convovuli adapted well to the artificial diet A and successive rearing conditions. The diet A could serve as viable alternative to natural host plants for consecutive rearing of the insect. The successful development of the diet and rearing technique provides a very useful tool for refining hawk moth.

In our previous study with sequenced data from DNA barcoding region of Korean Tettigonia showed that the Jeju population of T. ussuriana (JJ-Tu) more closely related to T. dolichoptera than mainland population of T. ussuriana (ML-Tu) with low genetic distance (0.87-1.05%). In mitochondrial systematics for a eukaryotic organism including orthopteran insects, sequence data from a short mitochondrial DNA fragment should be trait with caution because nuclear mitochondrial pseudogenes (numts) can be unintentionally coamplified when we use universal primers based on a PCR method. In this study, we retried their sequence analysis to avoid coamplication of numts in sequences from cox1 and cox2 genes. and scrutinized each sequence. The molecular evidences (cox1, cox2, and nad1) for Korean species suggest that JJ-Tu is more closely related to T. dolichoptera (0.76-1.23% in cox1; 1.23-1.54% in cox2; 1.01-1.35% in nad1) than ML-Tu (3.77-4.59% in cox1; 3.61-4.76% in cox2; 2.03-3.25 in nad1). The genetic distance of sequence data from cox1 between JJ-Tu and ML-Tu satisfied a requirement for species-distinction by comparing genetic distance between Tettigonia species. Moreover, JJ-Tu is a geographic population of Tettigonia with different morphological traits that is supported with formed a cluster. Although JJ-Tu closely related to T. dolichoptera with low genetic distance, we will determine its taxonomic status through integrative taxonomic study.

Animal-assisted-activity programs are often used in pediatric hospital settings to provide emotional support and diversion, however there is little research about their efficacy. AAA for using insect affect children was examined in this study of 50 elementary school children. Self-reported (self-esteem, sociality and stress) were measured. Self-esteem and sociality rating of the children, and display of positive affect were enhance in the AAA group. This study provides further support to the numerous health benefits of AAA, particularly for children in elementary school.

Insects impact human health through vector-borne diseases and cause major economic loses through damaging crops and stored agricultural products. Insect-specific growth regulators (IGR) represent attractive control agents because of their safety to the environment and humans. Here, we report identification of plant compounds that are antagonists of the insect-specific juvenile hormone (PJHANs), using the yeast two hybrid system transformed with the mosquito JH receptor as a reporter assay. We show that these compounds act by inhibiting larval growth and reproduction in mosquitoes. We also demonstrate that PJHANs affect the JH receptor, Methoprene-tolerant (Met), by disrupting its complex with CYCLE, formation of which is required for mediating JH action. We isolated five diterpene secondary metabolites with JH antagonist activity from two plants, Lindera erythrocarpa and Solidago serotina. They are effective in causing mortality of mosquito larvae at relatively low LD50 values. Two of these diterprenes affect Met function, leading to reduction in expression of Met target genes and causing retardation of follicle development in mosquito ovaries. Developing potent compounds counteracting JHaction (JH antagonists) would find a wider range of control applications. However, so far such JH antagonists have not been developed. Here, we report the discovery of potent JH antagonists in plants, which represents an innate resistance mechanism of plants against insect herbivores. These newly discovered plant JH antagonist compounds could be used as the starting material for developing novel insecticides.

A Tenebrio molitor larva that is called mealworm is widely used as feed for raising a pet. Also, it is the insect that would be produced as the edible food for human. For these reasons, many researchers are revealing about physiologic characteristic of Tenebrio molitor to make good use of it. However, morphological characteristic of different larval stage is not specifically indicated and researchers have different opinions about the average number of Tenebrio molitor’s instar until now. This study, therefore, was carried out to examine the physiological and morphological characteristics of Tenebrio molitor larva in different larval stages, and the average number of Tenebrio molitor’s instar. As a result, all of the Tenebrio molitor larvae had 7~8 days during their incubation period and 3~4 days during the 1st instar period. After the 1st instar, there were comparatively large differences in the number of days in each instar. Before emergence, most of the larvae comparatively showed 15th~17th instars, particularly, the largest rate of pupae (28.83%) was observed in the 17th instar. In terms of the body length of each Tenebrio molitor larval stage, the body length was gradually increased by the 17th instar. Beyond the 17th instar, however, the body length was smaller than 17th instar. In the 1st instar, the larva had white color, and the color gradually changed into brown from the 2nd instar. Through this study, we could identify the accurate incubation period, 1st instar period, the average number of instar, body length and the color change in different larval stages. These results would be used as a fundamental data for further study about the physiological and morphological characteristic of each instar period.